Strengthen the protection of ecological environment in an all-round way and resolutely fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control-let a good ecological environment become the growth po
"The blue sky is clear and clear", "Look at the picturesque mountains and clear waters, listen to the birds chirping and singing" and "White clouds are floating in the blue sky" … catchy lyrics describe people’s common beauty. However, in some places, such beautiful scenery is rare, and problems such as frequent smog weather, black and smelly water bodies and garbage siege are still the pain of people’s skin.
The Opinions of the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening Ecological Environmental Protection in an All-round Way and Resolutely Fighting Pollution Prevention and Control (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions") published on the 24th made arrangements for comprehensively strengthening ecological environmental protection and resolutely fighting pollution prevention and control.
The target indicators maintain continuity, but also put forward new requirements, which are closely combined with the feelings of the people.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has resolutely declared war on pollution, and successively implemented three major action plans to prevent and control air, water and soil pollution, thus solving a number of major environmental problems. On the whole, the quality of ecological environment has been improving steadily, but the effect is not stable.
China is in a period of rapid industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. Li Ganjie, Minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that the environmental problems in developed countries in the past 200 years have been concentrated in the rapid development of China for more than 30 years. The old environmental problems have not been solved yet, and new environmental problems are coming one after another.
"China’s environmental capacity is limited, the environmental carrying capacity has reached or approached the upper limit, the ecosystem is fragile, and the ecological environment with heavy pollution, great losses and high risks has not been fundamentally reversed." Wu Shunze, director of the Research Center for Environment and Economic Policy of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that the compressed, complex and cumulative environmental problems accumulated over the years could not be cured in just a few years.
China’s ecological civilization construction and ecological environment protection are facing unprecedented challenges and historical opportunities. Li Ganjie said that China’s economy has changed from high-speed growth to high-quality development, green recycling and low-carbon development have been further promoted, and the macroeconomic environment is more favorable. In addition, the development and accumulation of 40 years of reform and opening up have provided a solid material, technical and talent foundation for solving ecological and environmental problems, and the dividend of ecological civilization system reform has been gradually released, which has added a strong impetus to ecological and environmental protection. China’s ecological and environmental protection has entered a stage of not owing new accounts but paying off old ones.
Xu Bijiu, Inspector General of the State Environmental Protection Supervision Office, introduced that the Opinions mainly take 2020 as the time node, taking into account 2035 and the middle of this century, and set targets from three levels: quality, total amount and risk. The Opinions set specific targets by 2020. For example, the concentration of fine particles in cities at or above the prefecture level has dropped by more than 18% compared with 2015, and the ratio of days with excellent air quality in cities at or above the prefecture level has reached more than 80%; The proportion of Class I-III surface water bodies in China is over 70%, and the proportion of inferior Class V water bodies is controlled within 5%. The red line area of ecological protection accounts for about 25%; The forest coverage rate reached more than 23.04%.
"These targets and indicators are scientific decisions made by the central authorities after overall consideration, maintaining continuity and putting forward new requirements, which are closely integrated with the feelings of ordinary people." Xu Bijiu said that by speeding up the construction of an ecological civilization system, the spatial pattern, industrial structure, production mode and lifestyle of resource conservation and ecological environment protection will be generally formed by 2035, the quality of ecological environment will be fundamentally improved, and the goal of a beautiful China will be basically achieved. By the middle of this century, ecological civilization will be improved in an all-round way and the national governance system and governance capacity in the field of ecological environment will be modernized.
Focus on key areas, seize the weak links, and fight three major defense battles and seven major landmark battles.
Focusing on key areas, the Opinions clearly require that three major battles (blue sky, clear water and pure land) and seven major landmark battles (winning the blue sky battle, fighting diesel truck pollution control, water source protection, black and odorous water treatment, Yangtze River protection and restoration, comprehensive management of Bohai Sea, and agricultural and rural pollution control) should be well fought, and solid results have been achieved.
"Resolutely winning the blue sky defense war is the top priority of the battle against pollution." Xu Bijiu said that the "Three-year Action Plan to Win the Blue Sky Defence War" will be issued and implemented in the near future. The general idea of winning the blue sky defense war is "four fours": highlighting four key points, optimizing four major structures, strengthening four supports and realizing four obvious.
Highlighting four key points, namely, the key pollution prevention factor is PM2.5, the key areas are Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta and the Fenwei Plain, the key period is autumn and winter, and the key industries and fields are steel, thermal power, building materials and other industries, as well as "scattered pollution" enterprises, loose coal, diesel trucks, dust and other fields. Optimize the four major structures, that is, optimize the industrial structure, energy structure, transportation structure and land use structure. Strengthen the four supports, that is, strengthen environmental protection law enforcement supervision, regional joint defense and control, scientific and technological innovation and publicity and guidance. To achieve the "Four Nothings" is to further significantly reduce the concentration of PM2.5, significantly reduce the days of heavy pollution, significantly improve the ambient air quality, and significantly enhance people’s blue sky happiness.
Efforts will be made to fight the battle for clear water, ensure the safety of drinking water, and basically eliminate urban black and odorous water bodies. "To fight the battle for clear water, we will emphasize the protection of water and the treatment of poor water, ensure the safety of people’s drinking water, and keep the bottom line of water environment quality." Xu Bijiu said that in tackling key problems, both emission reduction and capacity expansion were emphasized. Grasp the rectification of three major types of pollution sources: industry, agriculture and life, and greatly reduce pollutant emissions; Grasping the renovation of water ecosystem with one hand, effectively expanding the capacity of water body to accept pollution and self-purification.
Solidly promote the defense of pure land, with the focus on preventing and controlling environmental risks. "Focusing on the goal of improving soil environmental quality and preventing and controlling environmental risks, laying a foundation, building a system and keeping the bottom line." Xu Bijiu said that it is necessary to fully implement the action plan for soil pollution prevention and control, take measures such as promoting the safe use of contaminated farmland, strictly controlling the use of construction land, accelerating the classified disposal of garbage, and completely prohibiting the entry of foreign garbage, highlighting key areas, industries and pollutants, and effectively controlling the soil environmental risks of agricultural land and urban construction land, so that ordinary people can eat and live with peace of mind.
All localities and departments should keep a close eye on the target, ensure the completion, and not let a region and a river basin fall behind.
Eco-environmental problems have been formed for a long time, and it takes a long process to solve them fundamentally. Xu Bijiu said that it is necessary to combine far and near, not only concentrate on fighting tough battles, but also make overall plans, pay attention to source prevention, expand capacity and strengthen security.
Source prevention is the fundamental policy to solve ecological and environmental problems. "To promote the formation of a green development mode and lifestyle, this is an important part of the tough battle and an important guarantee. The discharge of pollutants has dropped significantly from the source, and the quality of the ecological environment can be significantly improved." Xu Bijiu said that it is necessary to promote the development of green and low-carbon economic cycle, promote the overall conservation of energy resources, and at the same time guide the public to live a green life. Through the green change of lifestyle, it will force the green transformation of production methods.
Ecological protection and pollution prevention are inseparable and interactive. The "Opinions" require that the red line of ecological protection should be delineated and strictly observed, and the area accounting for about 25% of the national land space should be included in the red line of ecological protection according to the principle of ensuring all the protection and all the planning; Resolutely investigate and deal with ecological damage. Before the end of 2018, local governments at or above the county level will comprehensively investigate illegal and illegal activities such as occupying ecological space and destroying natural relics; Establish a system of nature reserves, and by 2020, integrate and set up a number of national parks, and basically establish relevant laws and regulations and management systems for nature reserves.
Perfecting the ecological environment supervision system, economic policy system, rule of law system, capacity guarantee system and social action system is an important guarantee for fighting the battle against pollution. The "Opinions" require improving the ecological environment supervision system and strengthening the unified supervision of ecological protection and restoration and pollution prevention and control; To improve the economic policy system for eco-environmental protection, capital investment should be tilted to the tough battle for pollution prevention and control, and the investment should be matched with the tough task. The central and local governments should increase investment in eco-environmental protection, gradually establish a normalized and stable financial capital investment mechanism, give full play to the role of market mechanism, and incite more social capital to enter the field of eco-environmental protection.
The "Opinions" clarify that the secretary of the provincial party committee, the secretary of the municipal party committee, the secretary of the county party committee, the governor, the mayor and the county magistrate take overall responsibility for the ecological environment protection work and the quality of the ecological environment in their respective administrative areas; Formulate the assessment methods for the effectiveness of the provincial party committees, people’s congresses, governments and relevant departments of the central and state organs, and the assessment results will serve as an important basis for the comprehensive assessment, reward and punishment, appointment and dismissal of leading bodies and leading cadres of local party committees, people’s congresses, governments and relevant departments of the central and state organs.
"All localities and departments should keep an eye on the target, fight on the wall chart, ensure the completion, and consolidate and improve the places with fast progress and good results; Where progress is slow and the effect is poor, it is necessary to catch up and ensure that one region and one basin are not left behind. " Xu Bijiu said. (Reporter Yan Jiangze)
