BEIJING, Beijing, January 1 ST Title: Prospect of 2018 Major Events: 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up of State Institutions.

　　Zhongxin. com reporter Ma Xueling Qi Feng Li Jinlei

　　With the arrival of 2018, China, which has entered a new era, has started a new journey.

　　Following the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s transition last year, a new leader of state institutions will be elected during the National People’s Congress this year. This year is the first year after the 19th National Congress, and also the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up. With new historical coordinates, the development of China has attracted worldwide attention.

　　In addition, a series of major events related to the national economy and people’s livelihood in 2018 are also worthy of attention, including the reform of the supervision system, the national overall planning of endowment insurance, and the Chang ‘e IV’s flight to the moon.

　　These political events are crucial.

　　— — The change of state institutions

　　In October 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China drew a new blueprint for the development of China, and the first plenary session of the 19th Central Committee elected a new central leadership group.

　　In March this year, the National People’s Congress, the Central Government and Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference will also complete the transition and elect a new leader.

　　2018 is the first year to implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress, the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up, and a crucial year to build a well-off society in an all-round way and implement the 13th Five-Year Plan. After the re-election, in the first year of the new leadership collective’s performance, what attitude will open the situation and attract much attention.

　　China News Service reporter Liu Zhenshe

　　— — Establishment of the State Supervision Commission

　　Since the pilot area was determined in 2016, the reform of the national supervision system has attracted much attention from public opinion at home and abroad. At present, on the basis of pilot projects in Beijing, Shanxi and Zhejiang provinces, this reform is being implemented nationwide.

　　At present, with the ongoing meeting of local people’s congresses, three-level supervisory committees of provinces, cities and counties are also being established one after another.

　　According to the plan, during the two sessions of the National People’s Congress in March this year, the draft State Supervision Law will be reviewed, and the the National Supervisory Commission (NSC) will also be established. As a national anti-corruption agency with China characteristics, how does the State Supervision Commission start? How does the national supervision law, as an anti-corruption national legislation, show its power? These have attracted the attention of the outside world.

　　China News Agency issued Zhang Wave photo

　　— — Redeployment of the Third Plenary Session

　　In January this year, the Second Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee will be held. According to the practice in recent years, every session of the CPC Central Committee holds seven plenary sessions. In addition to the second plenary session, the third plenary session will be held in the second half of the year.

　　In China’s political vocabulary, the "Third Plenary Session" is almost synonymous with China’s reform. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in 1978, the eight Third Plenary Sessions held in 40 years have had an important impact on China’s reform and development. In 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee opened a new course of comprehensively deepening reform in China.

　　This year coincides with the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up. Under the new historical coordinates, what new plans and new arrangements have been made for China’s reform, which is highly anticipated.

　　— —Four home diplomacy, including the Shanghai Summit.

　　In recent years, many heavyweight international summits have been held in China, and China’s home diplomacy has attracted worldwide attention.

　　2018 is the first year of China’s diplomacy after the 19th National Congress. Foreign Minister Wang Yi also revealed to the media a few days ago that in 2018, China will do its best to host the Boao Forum for Asia, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, the China-Africa Cooperation Forum and the China International Import Expo, creating a new chapter of win-win cooperation between China and other countries in the world.

　　Among them, China International Import Expo was held for the first time. A few days ago, at the opening ceremony of the 2017 Symposium on International Situation and China Diplomacy, Wang Yi said that the first China International Import Expo to be held in Shanghai in 2018 would be the first one specially held for imports in the world, showing the world that China is willing to open its own market and let other countries share China’s development opportunities.

　　China News Agency issued Zhang Hao photo

　　These time nodes are important.

　　— — 40 years of reform and opening up

　　In 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China closed in Beijing, and China entered a new historical period of reform and opening up.

　　"Reform and opening up is a key measure to determine the fate of contemporary China." In the past 40 years, China’s economy has made remarkable achievements, and its society has undergone earth-shaking changes. Especially since the 18th National Congress, China has promoted comprehensive and deepening reforms with unprecedented determination and strength.

　　Forty years later, standing at the starting point of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s new era, how to take the road of reform and opening up in the future has attracted worldwide attention.

　　China News Service reporter Cice Li photo

　　— — The 5th anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative

　　In 2013, the Supreme Leader of president, China, went to Kazakhstan in the west and Indonesia in the south, and put forward the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. After a thousand years, the magnificent picture of the Belt and Road was once again rolled out.

　　Over the past four years, the Belt and Road Initiative has resonated widely in the international community, with the active support and participation of more than 100 countries and international organizations around the world. It is the largest public product provided by China to the international community so far.

　　At the age of 5, how the "Belt and Road" connects the world and benefits the world has attracted much attention.

　　— — Xiong’an new area is over one year old.

　　Xiong’an new area, known as the "Millennium Plan", is another new district with national significance after Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai Pudong New Area, and it is an important decision-making arrangement made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to further promote the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. In the past 2017, the construction of xiong’an new area has been steadily advanced, and many enterprises, universities and hospitals have moved in.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference held not long ago made it clear that it is necessary to "make a good plan for xiong’an new area with a high starting point and high quality". Looking into the future, it is worth observing how xiong’an new area can promote the development of regional economy and how to make Yanzhao flourish.

　　— — 10th anniversary of Beijing Olympic Games

　　"Welcome to Beijing, anyone who has a dream is great … …” Now, when this familiar song is sung again, nearly ten years have passed since the Beijing Olympic Games.

　　Beijing Olympic Games has brought profound changes to China society — — China, in the post-Olympic era, has started the upsurge of national fitness, and the square dance in the streets has become a business card for a vibrant China. In the eyes of the whole people, this year, China athletes will compete in major competitions such as Pyeongchang Winter Olympics and Jakarta Asian Games.

　　After receiving the Olympic flag at the closing ceremony of PyeongChang Winter Olympics, the winter Olympic cycle will officially enter "Beijing time" — — The Beijing Winter Olympics to be held in 2022 is the first time in China’s history, and Beijing and Zhangjiakou are stepping up preparations.

　　Zhongxin. com reporter Li Jinlei

　　These people’s livelihood hotspots should be paid attention to.

　　— — Old-age insurance opens national co-ordination

　　At present, endowment insurance is basically at the level of provincial overall planning. According to the requirements of the Central Economic Work Conference, this year, we should speed up the national overall planning of endowment insurance.

　　According to the information disclosed by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in 2018, the national overall planning for endowment insurance will take the first step. First, the central adjustment system of basic endowment insurance funds will be implemented to balance the burden of endowment insurance brought about by the excessive difference in dependency ratio between regions due to population structure, especially population mobility, and to adjust the surplus and deficiency, so as to further play the role of mutual assistance and mutual assistance of endowment insurance throughout the country.

　　China News Service reporter Futian photo

　　— — Three tax laws will be formally implemented.

　　This year, three tax laws will be implemented. Among them, the "Environmental Protection Tax Law" came into effect on January 1, 2018, and the sewage charge system that has been in operation for more than 30 years has become history. As a brand-new tax, environmental protection tax was officially levied on January 1. The environmental protection tax will all be used as local income.

　　In addition, the Tobacco Leaf Tax Law and the Ship Tonnage Tax Law will be implemented on July 1, 2018. These two are tax laws that have been upgraded from temporary tax regulations to laws. According to the translation of tax standards, tobacco tax and ship tonnage tax legislation did not add tax burden.

　　China News Service reporter Zhang Hao photo

　　— — Add new sources of retirement income

　　Since February 1, 2018, the "Enterprise Annuity Measures" will be officially implemented. The expenses required for enterprise annuity shall be paid jointly by the enterprise and individual employees. The enterprise payment shall not exceed 8% of the total wages of the employees of the enterprise every year.

　　Employees’ participation in enterprise annuity is conducive to adding a pension accumulation on the basis of basic old-age insurance, and further improving the income level and quality of life after retirement.

　　China News Service reporter Chen Yushe

　　These big projects are very eye-catching

　　— — The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is expected to open to traffic.

　　After more than eight years of construction, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, known as the "Everest" in the bridge industry, is now in the final stage, and this highly anticipated bridge is expected to be officially opened to traffic in the New Year.

　　After the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is completed and opened to traffic, it will realize the land connection between Zhuhai, Macao and Hong Kong for the first time, greatly shortening the distance between Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao. By then, the transportation time from Zhuhai to Hong Kong will be shortened from about one hour by water and more than three hours by land to 20 to 30 minutes.

　　As the completion and opening time of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is getting closer and closer, the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has entered the "fast lane".

　　China News Service reporter He Junyi photo

　　— — Chongqing-Guizhou railway opened

　　At the end of last month, the capacity expansion and reconstruction project of Chongqing-Guiyang Railway (Chongqing-Guiyang Railway) entered the operation test stage in an all-round way and is expected to be officially opened around the middle of this month.

　　With the completion of the Chongqing-Guiyang Railway, Chengdu-Guiyang will be shortened from the current fastest 11 hours to 3.5 hours, and this railway has also become the "fast lane" connecting northwest, south and east China in southwest China.

　　According to the introduction of the Ministry of Communications a few days ago, in 2018, it will accelerate the construction of railways and intercity railways in the central and western regions, and promote the construction of Zhengzhou-Wan high-speed railway, Yinxi high-speed railway, Hangzhou-Wenzhou railway and Jingxiong high-speed railway. It can be expected that in the new year, more high-speed rail lines will bring practical convenience to people’s lives.

　　China News Agency issued Li Jinshe

　　— — The Beidou-3 system was basically completed.

　　The ground is in full swing, and the sky is not far behind. Combing many big projects in China in 2018, Beidou system construction has attracted much attention.

　　According to the plan, China will basically build the Beidou-3 system by the end of 2018, giving priority to providing services along the Belt and Road, and finally build a world-class global satellite navigation system by the end of 2020.

　　Since the Beidou satellite navigation system was opened for more than five years, its capabilities have been continuously enhanced and it has become a "national business card".

　　— — Chang ‘e IV flew to the moon.

　　2018 is very important and wonderful. If you are lucky, your message may fly to deep space!

　　The mission of China’s lunar exploration project Chang ‘e-4 is scheduled to be launched twice in 2018: the Chang ‘e-4 relay star will be launched in the first half of the year and the Chang ‘e-4 detector will be launched in the second half. From December 19, 2017 to March 6, 2018, the Center for Lunar Exploration and Aerospace Engineering collected messages from people all over the world. The names of all participants and the preferred 20,000 messages will be carried on the Chang ‘e-4 relay star and fly to deep space to start a lunar exploration trip.

　　Chang ‘e IV will realize the first soft landing and patrol survey on the back of the moon. China’s lunar exploration project is planned to be in three phases of "circling, falling and returning", in which the task of the second phase is to realize a soft landing on the lunar surface and automatic patrol survey. (End)

Alyssa Chia fell out with slips for the sake of fighting for women.

　　BEIJING, April 8 (Xinhua) Because Alyssa Chia refused to admit that she had sent ambiguous messages with other men, her husband, Sun Zhihao, countered through friends on the 7th, pointing out that Alyssa Chia knelt down in front of her in-laws after being found to have sent ambiguous messages, and painfully wrote a repentance book. The friend also said that Sun Zhihao often couldn’t find Alyssa Chia at night, and thought her words to the media were too exaggerated. Sun said: "She is a typical artist, and everyone knows what kind of person she is. Her best performance in this life is her life." Alyssa Chia admitted yesterday that he wrote a repentance book for his daughter.

　　Lawyers refer to Zhou as a "passerby"

　　According to Taiwan Province’s China Times, Zhou Danwei, who has a good personal relationship with the Sun family, came forward for the Sun family yesterday and criticized Alyssa Chia’s statement as "too much" because she had forcibly taken her daughter Wu Tongmei and knew her daughter was in LA earlier.

　　In the evening, Alyssa Chia entrusted lawyer Wu Yizhen and Huang Shanshan, a representative of public opinion, to come forward, saying that Zhou Danwei was a "passer-by". In the future, if an outsider wants to speak on this matter, please take out Sun Zhihao’s power of attorney, otherwise he will report it.

　　Tong Yan praised grandma for being better than mom.

　　Alyssa Chia looked for a woman in tears a few days ago, and Zhou Danwei poked it as a mask. She was not at home for one-fifth of the time after marriage. Wu Tongmei also said to her grandson: "It’s better to be a grandmother. My mother will sleep with me and then go to make a phone call." The media broke the news that Grandmother wanted to have a DNA test, and Alyssa Chia also said to Grandmother, "Let them write, so that it will help my acting work and be sympathetic to me."

　　Zhou Danwei pointed out that Alyssa Chia had been asking the Sun family for money after marriage, and complained that Sun Zhihao was extravagant. "Who has never been young? Even after marriage, social intercourse is normal. Isn’t she only allowed state officials to set fire, and people are not allowed to light lamps? Many people told Sun Ma about Jia before marriage, but the Sun family still let her in."

　　It’s hard for a rich daughter-in-law to complain

　　Later, Alyssa Chia clarified one by one in the statement, and also revealed the sorrow of the rich daughter-in-law. As for Zhou Danwei, she was at her home in Shanghai three years ago, despite the nanny’s prevention, and asked Sun to sign a confidentiality agreement. If she broke the agreement, she would be fined NT$ 10 million. Lawyer Wu Yizhen said: "How can a normal family need to enter by force? Did the lock change? Or not let her go home? Besides, what’s wrong with mom taking her daughter? Why did the nanny stop it? "

　　Liu Shuguang, the rumored mother-in-law, had an ambiguous message from Alyssa Chia and the actor. Wu Yizhen also said, "There was a message, but there was no ambiguity. But please reflect on why the mother-in-law will see such a private thing as SMS. " Wu Yizhen recounted that Alyssa Chia was sad and wept when she heard Zhou Danwei say that "my daughter thinks grandma is better".

　　Wu Yizhen said that during this period, the two sides contacted by telephone and E-mail. Sun had given Jia three days to get a Canadian passport, but Jia still couldn’t get the whereabouts of his daughter after doing so. As for the contents of the agreement? Wu Yizhen revealed that it had nothing to do with money. Alyssa Chia only wanted to sit down and talk with Sun Zhihao, and even if he wanted to get a divorce, he would have to hear it from Sun himself.

　　The uncle who robbed the daughter-in-law issued a statement today.

　　The two sides of this "women’s war" each said their own words. Uncle Liu Zheng, the producer of Sun Zhihao, couldn’t stand it. Today, he will also issue a statement explaining the position of the Sun family. He asked Wu Yizhen to ask an "outsider" to speak and take out the power of attorney of the Sun family. Liu Zheng was furious: "Zhou Danwei and the Sun family are old friends. I am Uncle Sun Zhihao and I am also an introducer of the two. Tell the lawyer to shut up!"

Editor: Sun Jie

The original team invited the author Chao Wenshe.

Author | Our Special Invited Author Jiuyu Pavilion

"Chao Wen She" (formerly "We Love History") is the headline signing group media.

Words: 2218, reading time: 6 minutes.

In today’s Internet enterprises, "996" seems to have become a normal state, with employees of both large factories and small enterprises deeply disgusted with it, who go to work at 9: 00 a.m. and get off work at 9: 00 p.m. and work six days a week.

Then, in ancient times, was there such an overtime culture?

First of all, the concept of going to work in ancient times is not necessary in modern times. In ancient times, it was an agricultural society. Generally speaking, only officials, officials, servants and craftsmen working in the government had classes. In other words, if you are an ordinary citizen, you don’t have to consider going to work at all.

business hours

In the Zhou dynasty, officials needed to go to work according to the time when the rooster crowed. Once they heard the rooster crowed, they would arrive at the court.

According to historical records, "the cock crows, and the court is full."

In the pre-Qin period, the crow was the alarm clock of officials, but this time was not very fixed. Therefore, after that, the working time was generally set as Maoshi, that is, from 5 am to 7 am.

According to the Ming Dynasty, you should sign in at Mao’s time and sign out at You’s time, in other words, you should sign in between 5-7 in the morning and sign out between 5-7 in the evening. If you go to work at 5 o’clock and get off work at 5 o’clock, the working time in a day is 12 hours.

During the Hongwu period, Zhu Yuanzhang once stipulated that officials had only one day off every month, which was the fifth day of each month. It is true that the 996 "Fu Bao" is more humane than the working system during the Hongwu period.

Generally speaking, the treatment of ancient scholars and officials was quite good. As the saying goes, learning to be excellent is an official. Although the 12-hour working system is a bit harsh, it is still much better than those servants.

In the feudal autocratic dynasty, servants’ status was very low. They not only needed to go to work on time, but also had long working hours. Fang Bao, a writer in Qing Dynasty, once recalled one of his handmaids, and said, "It’s normal for chickens to crow at night."

The time of the four drums is about 2 am, which means that the maid goes to bed at 2 am and gets up at 6 am, and only rests for 4 hours a day. In addition, this handmaid has no rest day, and this work system can even be understood as "247". The handmaid died at the age of 17 because she worked too long and didn’t have enough rest.

Although the modern 996 working system is somewhat inappropriate, it is still humanized compared with the servants of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, friends who want to cross must understand the working hours of that era, otherwise, they may suffer a big loss.

On the way to work

In modern society, although going to work is a very unpleasant thing, commuting is not very complicated. We have subways, buses, cars and electric cars, which are far away. We can choose public transportation, which is closer, and we can choose to travel by bike.

For ancient officials, on the way to work, it is easy to have accidents. For high-ranking officials in the imperial court, there are usually carriages or guards when the court is in court, and the safety can still be guaranteed, but those ordinary officials can only walk.

Why is walking prone to accidents? The main reason is that when the court was in power, it was still dark. Those high-ranking officials in the imperial court had the privilege to light lamps, but ordinary officials did not have this right.

Before the apocalypse of the Ming Dynasty, there were street lamps in the Forbidden City, and court officials could use the light of the street lamps when they went to court. But when Wei Zhongxian was in power, the street lamps were cancelled. Not only were there no street lamps, but fireworks were also prohibited.

According to historical records, "On the evening of May, everyone goes in secretly, and when they meet, they can’t distinguish it without looking at it."

As a result, there is such a scene. In the early hours of the morning, officials are on the road in a daze. On the road, even if they meet their colleagues, they can’t see them. Sometimes, they will bump into a black eye.

During Wei Zhongxian’s reign, there was an official whose home was far away. One day, when he got up late, he hurried to the hall in a hurry. Unfortunately, because there was no street lamp and the road was slippery, one of them accidentally fell into the river and died!

In the Qing dynasty, there were also laws prohibiting lights, so how should officials go to work? It is true that it is too dangerous to go to work in the dark, so officials have an idea, and that is to borrow the light.

The princes, military ministers and other high-ranking officials in the Qing Dynasty had the privilege of lighting lamps. Therefore, ordinary officials would wait for the procession of these high-ranking officials along the road. When the procession arrived, just like the bus in Yanjiao, Beijing in modern times, everyone flocked to keep up with the procession and then went to court smoothly. In order to prevent falling into ditches and rivers, it is the best way to travel by light.

Late punishment

In modern society, being late is the boss’s worst aversion. If he is much late, he may even be fined. In the ranks of ancient officials, being late is not a trivial matter. Not only will you be fined, but you may also get a board.

In "A Brief Discussion on the Law of the Tang Dynasty", there is a rule that "officials don’t attend without reason", the content of which is how to punish those officials who are late. For example, if an official fails to come for one day, his punishment will be 20 small boards. If he is absent for three days, the crime will be aggravated. If he is absent for 25 days, he will be hit with 100 big boards. If he is absent for 35 days, he will be sentenced to one year in prison. If you work in a border town, you will often be late, and the punishment will be heavier.

Zhao Mengfu, a great painter in the Yuan Dynasty, used to be a doctor of the Ministry of War. At that time, the prime minister was disgusted with the lateness of officials, so he was very strict about attendance. Once, when Zhao Mengfu was late, he was caught by the judge at that time. The judge was already disdainful of the Han people. When he saw Zhao Mengfu late, he pulled him down and beat the board.

Spanking and imprisonment are the penalties for being late. In fact, although the punishment is a bit heavy, it is not too much. After all, as a national public official, he has a great responsibility, and being late is certainly not appropriate.

In addition to spanking and imprisonment, fines are also important. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, officials who were late for no reason would be fined a quarter’s salary, in other words, three months’ salary would be lost if they were late once. In Tang Suzong, officials who were late would be fined one month’s salary.

Officials in the Song Dynasty were generally the best in all dynasties, and the government’s management of officials was relatively loose, but there were also related penalties for being late.

During Song Renzong’s reign, Zhang Yi, the right-hand patrol envoy, reported many officials’ being late for work, leaving early and being absent for no reason. Although Song Renzong had a good temper, he was furious when he heard this. Song Renzong immediately ordered that the officials who were absent without reason should be examined, and those who were found to be true should be dismissed. In other words, even in the relaxed Northern Song Dynasty, being late is not a joke.

To sum up, in ancient times, the requirements for going to work were quite harsh. Officials not only got up earlier than chickens, but also had to take risks to go to work in the dark. If they were late, they would beat the board, or even lose their posts and even go to jail. It can be seen that working in ancient times, especially for ordinary officials, was by no means a pleasant thing. Compared with the ancients, 996 may really be a "blessing"!

References: On the Laws of the Tang Dynasty, The Book of Songs and Tang Huiyao.

Original title: "Did the ancients also have" 996 "? "247" is the norm, and you will get a board when you are late.

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