Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, May 22 (Reporter Wu Yu, Wang Xi) Shanghai Customs announced on the 22nd that it had cracked a case of "water passengers" colluding with airport staff to smuggle cigarettes into the country, seized nearly 4,000 cigarettes of overseas brands, and arrested 20 people involved, including 16 in criminal detention and 4 on bail pending trial.

　　On the evening of April 21, the "water passengers" involved in the case took two flights respectively and arrived at Pudong International Airport at 18: 00 and 21: 00 respectively. Ge Mou, an airline ground attendant, took advantage of his position to assist the smuggling of "water passengers" by taking the transit hall to bypass customs supervision. In the airport open-air parking lot, investigators arrested four "water passengers" and a black car driver, and seized nearly 800 overseas cigarettes on the spot. That night, the joint headquarters composed of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai Public Security Bureau and Shanghai Tobacco Monopoly Bureau continued to arrest and search the relevant airport staff and other "water passengers" separately, and smashed this cigarette smuggling gang in one fell swoop.

　　According to the Shanghai Customs anti-smuggling case handlers, this smuggling gang has nine "water passengers", most of whom are "post-90s". They buy and bring cigarettes into the country, and travel between Osaka and Shanghai three or four times a week on average.

　　It is interesting to note that in this cigarette smuggling gang case, six people are airline ground service personnel and airport-related staff. Relying on the convenience of being familiar with the terrain route of the airport and the working hours of various supervision departments, they take cigarettes out of the baggage sorting area at the international arrival and push them directly to the baggage carousel at home, or lead the "water passengers" to bypass the customs supervision channel, which has strong concealment.

　　It is understood that other people involved in the smuggling cigarette gang case are drivers, consignees, couriers, etc., who are responsible for receiving and transporting cigarettes involved and sending them to other places. At present, this case is under further investigation.

????The Pentagon, located in Arlington, southwest of Washington, D.C., is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, the highest military command organ in the United States, with geographical coordinates of 38 52 ′ 15.00 ″ n and 77 03 ′ 21.00 ″ w.. Seen from the air, the building is pentagonal, hence the name "Pentagon".

????Original title: The Department of Defense born in the "Air and Sea War"-The little-known inside story of the struggle when the US Department of Defense was founded

????On August 10th, 2009, the US Department of Defense held a grand celebration ceremony to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the official establishment of the Department of Defense. However, what is little known is that the establishment of the US Department of Defense 60 years ago was the product of struggle and compromise among the three major services of the US military, and one of the events called "Admiral Rebellion" became the direct "fuse" for the birth of the US Department of Defense. Then, in the United States, which flaunts democracy and freedom and pursues the system of "civilian leading", why did the admiral, as an important minister in the army "rebel"? Why is the birth of the Ministry of National Defense linked to this incident? Let’s break through the fog of history and appreciate the thrilling infighting within the US military 60 years ago.

????The Prelude of Conflict —— The National Security Law of 1947

????After World War II, with the rapid improvement of American military strength and international status, the organizational form of the US military, which used to focus on the two independent departments of the sea and land, obviously could not meet the needs of the development of the situation, so a new round of military institutional reform is imperative. In an article entitled "Our armed forces must be unified", Truman once wrote with emotion when talking about the experience and lessons of World War II, "The military institutions we hastily pieced together have always been the cause of disasters … For the sake of national security, a more solid foundation must be established. The first step is obviously to unify the army and navy, so that all our defensive and offensive forces are under the leadership of an institution and an authoritative and responsible headquarters. " Under this background, it has become the top priority of the US military’s military reform work to concentrate on solving the deep-rooted contradictions between Lu Haijun, solving the repetitive construction problems in national defense construction, and establishing a unified military organization to effectively integrate the two major military departments of the sea and land.

????In October, 1945, a motion led by the army with the main content of establishing a unified military organization was submitted to the National Assembly, and the focus of the struggle was mainly on the ownership of the Marine Corps and the Naval Air Force. However, judging from the comparison of the forces of the three major services of the US military at that time, the Army and the Air Force played a decisive role in World War II, so they also mastered the "right to speak" in the new round of national defense institutional reform. The army, headed by Marshall and Eisenhower, spared no effort to publicize the benefits of the alliance, hoping to merge the Marine Corps into the army and form its own amphibious combat force to further strengthen its leading position in the national defense institutions. At the same time, after the baptism of the two world wars, especially in the course of the war against Japan, the Army Air Force (the predecessor of the Air Force), which was "resident" in the army, has been transformed into a veritable "third service" step by step. Therefore, after the war, fanatical air force elements advocated the establishment of an independent air force everywhere, demanding that the aircraft of the army and navy be unified under the command of the Air Force. Based on the affection of "the same ancestry and the same origin", the Army and the Army Air Force reached a tacit agreement on the issue of dividing up the navy’s "heritage", that is, acquiring the Marine Corps and the Naval Air Force. Therefore, a large number of senior army generals, such as Eisenhower, all held a positive attitude towards the independence of the Air Force. Although the navy also played an important role in the Pacific War, the humiliation of Pearl Harbor incident, the nuclear monopoly advantage of the United States after the war and the serious lack of maritime strategic threats,Coupled with the strong pressure of "alliance" between land and air, these factors make the navy in a very embarrassing situation in the new round of national defense institutional reform. In order to publicize the benefits of air force independence and integration, and to retaliate against the numerous obstacles set by the navy on the issue of air force independence in the past, especially the persecution of Billy Mitchell, the "father of the air force", air force elements used their influence to belittle the role of the navy as much as possible everywhere. Frank Armstrong, the backbone of the Air Force, publicly demanded that the functions and functions of the navy be reduced to the level of escort, transport and honor guard, because the navy "will only have a few aircraft carriers, which will have no fighting capacity in any case … and will probably be sunk in the first battle", so "the navy will be useless except providing materials needed by the army, air force and ground forces." Karl spaatz, the first Air Force Chief of Staff, also attacked the Navy in public speeches, which made the Navy faction angry. He pointed out, "Why should we continue to keep the navy? The only reason why we keep the navy may be that many countries still keep the navy, but the Soviet Union has only a small navy, or there is no navy at all, so there is absolutely no need for us to waste money on the navy. "

????Under the dual pressure of "alliance" between land and air, although the navy is well aware of the significance and truth of unified operational command, it has to oppose it for its own interests, because the navy generals are particularly worried that the integration system and the formation of the air force will make them lose the two core arms of naval aviation and marine corps, thus damaging the overall interests of the navy. Therefore, chester nimitz, then Minister of Naval Operations, expressed strong opposition to the idea of integration. He pointed out that "practice has proved that the two departments with separate responsibilities and powers can provide different arms according to the requirements of modern warfare, so it is not only useless but also harmful to the proper division of labor and the effective use of maritime forces to merge the War Department and the Navy Department into a single department." At the congressional hearing, a large number of admirals and members of the navy expressed strong dissatisfaction with Truman’s bill, so they have not reached a consensus on the issue of integration.

????Finally, in order to calm the disputes between the various military forces, especially the dissatisfaction of the navy, Truman had to adopt a compromise plan and make necessary compromises and concessions on some key issues: first, adopt the opinions of the army and set up a unified Ministry of National Defense; Secondly, in response to the demands of air force activists, an independent air force was formed, and Lu Haijun did not keep land-based aircraft; Third, support the opinion of the navy, carrier-based aviation and marine corps will remain in the navy, and the establishment and tasks of the marine corps will remain unchanged. In this context, the US Army and Navy Ministers finally reached an agreement on the issue of unified jurisdiction. On July 26, 1947, President Truman signed the National Security Law, and established the National Security Council, the National Military Department (the predecessor of the Ministry of National Defense), the Air Force Department and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and established a national military system composed of the Minister of National Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and independent air force, army and navy departments. On September 15th, 1947, JamesVincentForrestal, a former Secretary of the Navy, took office and became the first Secretary of Defense in American history. Three days later, the US Air Force was formally established, and Stuart Semin, a leading figure who made great contributions to the independence of the Air Force, became the first air force minister. However, because the National Security Law of 1947 was established on the basis of a temporary compromise between various military services, compared with the rank and status of the Cabinet Departments of the three major military services, the National Military Department is not a Cabinet Department, but a loose alliance in name only, with only general coordination rights.In addition, with only a small number of staff, it is impossible to fully exercise the functions and powers of the commander-in-chief, and the bill does not clearly stipulate the specific tasks and division of roles of various military species. This congenital deficiency has also laid the groundwork for the outbreak of the largest dispute within the US military after the war.

????The war is rekindled-B-36 VS "Super Carrier"

????At the end of World War II, with the successful development of nuclear weapons and their decisive role in the war against Japan, the US military believed that nuclear weapons would become the "killer weapon" to determine the outcome of future wars, and strategic nuclear bombing would also become a decisive new operational mode in the future, thus making nuclear weapons and the newly formed Strategic Air Force (SAC) the priority targets of the US military’s strategic deployment and military funding. At the same time, the two major services, the air force and the sea force, have launched a new "infighting" for the dominance of the strategic air force. The focus of this struggle is mainly on the weapons development plans of the two major services: the navy’s CV-58 "United States" super aircraft carrier plan and the Air Force’s B-36 "flying arsenal" strategic bomber plan.

????With the help of their supporters, the navy and air force used their influence to attack and slander each other in some public and secret occasions. The navy, represented by Nimitz, believes that the "United States" is of great significance to the navy, because it is the first super aircraft carrier equipped by the navy after the war. This aircraft carrier has the ability to take off and land large aircraft such as strategic bombers, so it is also the navy to maintain its own survival in the nuclear age and compete with the air force for budgetary capital. The Air Force, represented by Stuart Semin and curtis lemay, believes that the US military can achieve a "cheap victory" only by launching nuclear air strikes, without having to carry out heavy casualties on the ground, and without wasting huge sums of money to build a "living coffin at sea"-an aircraft carrier with poor maneuverability and weak viability. As the world’s first strategic bomber with intercontinental long-range bombing capability, the B-36 will replace the old B-29 and B-56.

????However, because the Ministry of National Military Affairs is only a loose alliance, it is impossible to effectively stop the jealousness and infighting between the two ministries. In addition, the Truman administration greatly reduced the military budget after the war, so it is impossible for the two major R&D projects to be launched at the same time, and they can only choose one of them. Therefore, this inevitably intensifies the already tense contradiction between the two services. At first, because Forrester served as the secretary of the navy and was a typical naval faction, the navy gained the upper hand in the initial competition. The CV-58 project was successfully passed and started in Newport News on March 18, 1949. Many navy generals could not help but be complacent, but the navy was too happy. Stuart Semin, the eloquent air force minister, launched a comprehensive propaganda campaign, which gradually won the support of the press, Congress and the army. Bradley, then chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, also expressed support for the Air Force, arguing that "using the navy to carry out nuclear bombing missions will only greatly reduce the ability and suddenness of the Air Force to carry out large-scale explosive missions." Things are unpredictable. Just a few days later, the "United States" was forced to stop construction and dismount because of the fall of the Navy and the coming to power of the Air Force. Due to the opposition to the Truman administration’s policy of reducing military spending, and the constant exposure of media reports about his poor mental condition, Forrester gradually lost Truman’s trust and had to resign on March 28, and the new defense minister was replaced by Louis Johnson, an activist from the Air Force, so the navy became a "super carrier."The plan was inevitably stillborn.

????"Admiral rebelled"

????In April 1949, after the new Secretary of Defense, Louis Johnson, took office, he not only canceled the "super carrier" plan without the approval of Congress, but also repeatedly suppressed the navy’s requirements at the Joint Chiefs of Staff, drastically reduced the navy’s funds, and even canceled the navy and the Marine Corps. Johnson pointed out, "There is no reason to keep the Navy and Marine Corps, because General Bradley told me that amphibious operations have become history, and we will never do amphibious operations again, so there is no need to keep the Marine Corps. In addition, the air force can do everything that the navy can do, so there is no need to keep the navy. " A stone stirred up a thousand waves, which caused an uproar in the United States and became the fuse of the famous "Revolt of the Admirals" in American history.

????A large number of famous naval generals protested and resigned in anger, and many retired naval generals, government and business people related to the navy, and officials and people from all walks of life who lost the location of the shipyard were extremely angry at the Truman administration’s capricious policy. Admiral Daniel Garrett, headed by Major General, began to publish a series of fierce articles and speeches in the United States, attacking Johnson for belittling the navy’s national defense policy and the Air Force’s B-36 bomber plan. Garrett even published a highly inflammatory rebellion statement in an article entitled "Don’t let them sink the navy", calling Johnson an "out-and-out criminal and villain" and demanding that he immediately take the blame and step down. This has caused an uproar in the United States, causing a storm in the city and chaos in Congress, the press, the government and the military. Subsequently, the senior navy generals represented by Admiral Arthur Redford, commander of the Pacific Fleet, began to set off a bigger storm again.

????In order to go all out to attack the Air Force’s B-36 bomber plan by hook or by crook, the Navy once appointed arleigh burke to secretly set up a special office called OP-23, which was mainly responsible for making plans to win the support of the US Congress and the public. In June 1949, an anonymous document not only recorded that Denfield and other senior naval generals expressed strong dissatisfaction with Johnson’s national defense policy, but also accused the relevant officials of the Air Force Department and senior air force generals of fraud and bribery in the B-36 plan, exposing that Johnson and Symington benefited personally and politically from the owner of the aircraft manufacturer, Odlum, and believed that the Air Force had unfair competition in the bidding stage of aircraft, and received defective aircraft to make personal profits at the expense of national defense interests. This accusation makes the Air Force extremely angry, because it has done great damage to the honor of Air Force officers and the reputation of the Air Force Department. Congress launched a series of hearings to investigate the so-called "B-36 procurement fraud case". At the congressional hearing, Air Force Minister Semin Clinton and Air Force Chief of Staff arthur vandenberg refuted Radford’s point of view one by one. After investigation, Congress also thought that many accusations of the navy lacked rationality and appropriateness and were untenable. Bradley, the general of the army, also refuted the accusation of the navy, and pointed out that the naval disturbance was an "open rebellion against the civilian leadership system", and its essence was to resist the unified command and plan of the US military "in spirit and action".And "the constant quarrel in the supreme command organization is like a drop of poison dripping into wine, which makes all the sharers suffer." After an in-depth investigation, the congressional investigation report pointed out that "there is not a bit, even a little bit of evidence to prove the allegations of premeditated, fraudulent, bribery, bullying or favoritism in the procurement of B-36 bombers" and proved that the "documents" provided by the navy were forged, and the initiator behind it was Colonel John G. Grommelin, deputy director of the OP-23 office. The report also pointed out that "the Ministry of National Defense has made great efforts to pursue the’ unification’ of the services, and the pace is too fast." Moreover, in this struggle, "the navy that refused the’ marriage’ of the services, the army that was too proud of itself, and the somewhat unruly air force made the Committee not find any’ Puritans’ in the Ministry of National Defense who fully supported reunification and had pure motives."

????In the end, this "air-sea war" ended with the navy’s breach of trust in the world and the air force’s victory: the B-36 plan continued, but the navy’s "super carrier" plan was forced to dismount, and an article in Time magazine of the United States also dubbed the ups and downs of the service struggle within the US military as the "Admiral Rebellion" incident. The "Admiral Rebellion" incident not only shocked the whole United States, but also made the top officials of the United States realize the importance of strengthening the authority of the Ministry of National Defense. In this context, the US Congress passed the amendment to the National Security Law on August 10th, 1949, which renamed the loosely structured "National Military Department" as the "Ministry of National Defense", upgraded it to the Cabinet Department, and further strengthened the power of the Minister of National Defense, reducing the ranks of the three major military departments of land, sea and air from the Cabinet Department to the directly affiliated department of the Ministry of National Defense, and the Minister of Military Services is no longer a member of the National Security Council and the Cabinet. In addition, in order to limit the competition between services, the post of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was established with the approval of Congress. As the chief military adviser to the President and the Secretary of Defense, it was held by senior military generals, which also laid the foundation for the modern defense commander system in the United States.

????Silent ending

????Finally, the navy became a complete loser in this struggle: Navy Minister Sullivan resigned; Naval Operations Minister Denfeld was forced to "retire early"; Garrett was tried by a military court, which completely ruined his future; Truman also chose the mediocre "good guy" Matthews and the more obedient forrest sherman as the secretary of the navy and the minister of operations respectively, regardless of the strong opposition of the navy generals. Forester, the former secretary of defense who was born as the secretary of the navy, also committed suicide because of the mental disorder caused by the intensified service struggle. Although the personal endings of these senior naval officers were not very good, they were regarded as heroes by the navy because they sacrificed their lives and future to safeguard the survival and honor of the navy in this struggle. After the "Super Carrier" plan died, the US Congress decided to build a smaller aircraft carrier for the navy in order to appease the navy’s mood, and this aircraft carrier was named "Forrester". In addition, although the "Admiral Rebellion" incident ended in the failure of the navy, the subsequent "counterattack" by the Marine Corps also made the navy regain some face. In August 1950, under the strong pressure of the navy faction in Congress, the Truman administration was finally forced to agree to set up a representative of the Marine Corps in the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Although the Marine Corps is still under the jurisdiction of the Navy, it has a place in the Joint Chiefs of Staff, so it has become the fourth largest service on an equal footing with the army, navy and air force.

????At the same time, another protagonist in the "naval rebellion", Defense Minister Johnson of the Air Force faction, also suffered a bad result because of his arrogant and tough treatment of the navy. After the "Admiral Rebellion" incident, Truman, as Johnson’s immediate superior, was also humiliated in Congress, government and army, so he gradually lost his trust in Johnson. He wrote in his private diary, "Everything that happened made me begin to believe that Potomac fanaticism and a morbid state have made Louis show a mental disorder and selfish arrogance trying to drive the whole government, because he offended everyone in the cabinet … and never missed every opportunity to speak ill of people around me." Secretary of State Acheson also said in his memoirs that Johnson’s behavior was "very hateful, and it was not enough to just swear." Bradley hit the nail on the head and pointed out that "Truman inadvertently appointed a mental patient to replace another mental patient." Because Johnson suppressed the navy too hard, the navy did not have enough ships to carry out the task of sea blockade in the subsequent Korean War. A year later, in August 1950, Truman dismissed Johnson and appointed george marshall, who was low-key, well-balanced and highly respected in the military, as the new Secretary of Defense. At this point, the "Admiral Rebellion" incident, which caused a lot of trouble in the city, finally came to an end.

　　CCTV News:According to the news of China Weather Network, it is predicted that the first round of rain and snow in the New Year will enter its peak stage on the 3rd, and the precipitation will spread to 23 provinces in northwest, north China, southwest and south of the Yangtze River, among which there will be snowstorms in parts of 5 provinces including Shaanxi, Henan and Hubei, and local snowstorms will occur. Snowfall is beneficial to the growth of overwintering crops, and can reduce dryness and eliminate haze, but the local precipitation may exceed the historical extreme value, so it is necessary to guard against the adverse effects on traffic.

　　The strongest snowfall period is coming, and the local areas in five provinces will approach or break through the precipitation extreme value.

　　On the first working day of 2018, rain and snow in China kicked off. Monitoring shows that there is light snow in central and eastern Gansu, central and southern Ningxia, central Shaanxi and other places, and local snow; There is moderate to heavy rain in central and western Yunnan.

　　The rain and snow process has a wide range, which will spread to the eastern northwest, southern North China, the eastern southwest and Jiangnan, affecting 23 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and the precipitation range will exceed 4 million square kilometers. Among them, heavy snowfall lasts for a long time in southwestern Shaanxi, Henan, northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu.

　　Today and tomorrow, rain and snow will enter the peak stage, with heavy snow in parts of Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places. To this end, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a yellow warning of blizzard at 6 o’clock this morning. Among them, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan have the strongest snowfall today; Central and northern Anhui and central and northern Jiangsu will be the strongest tomorrow. Zhengzhou and Xi ‘an in provincial-level cities will encounter strong snowfall, and Hefei, Wuhan and Nanjing may usher in snow at the beginning of this winter. The precipitation intensity in southeastern Shaanxi, western Henan and northwestern Hubei is high, and some areas are likely to break the record of extreme daily precipitation in January. Rain and snow are mixed in central and northern Anhui and central and northern Jiangsu, and the precipitation intensity will be rare in January.

　　Today, rain and snow are at their peak, and the dividing line between rain and snow will move eastward and southward to the south of Shaanxi, the northwest of Hubei and the Jiangsu-Anhui-Huaihe River. The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that there will be heavy snowstorms in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hubei, Henan and Anhui from 08: 00 on the 3rd to 08: 00 on the 4th. There are moderate to heavy snow or sleet in the eastern part of northwest China, south-central Shanxi, central and western Huanghuai, northern Jianghuai, Jianghan and southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, among which there are heavy snow (10 ~ 18 mm) in parts of south-central Shaanxi, western and northern Hubei, southern Henan and northwestern Anhui. There are moderate to heavy rains and local heavy rains in parts of the eastern and southern parts of southwest China, northern Jiangnan and northwestern Guangxi.

　　The day after tomorrow, a large range of rain and snow developed eastward, and the dividing line between rain and snow further pressed southward and eastward. It is estimated that there will be heavy snowstorms in Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu and Anhui from 08: 00 on the 4th to 08: 00 on the 5th. There are moderate to heavy snow or sleet in southern North China, most of Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, northwestern Jiangnan and northeastern China. Among them, there are blizzards in parts of southeastern Henan and central and northern Jiangsu and Anhui, and there are heavy blizzards in the local area. There are freezing rains in parts of northwestern Hunan and eastern Guizhou. There are small to moderate rains in the eastern part of southwest China, southern Yunnan, central and eastern Jiangnan, and southern China, and there is heavy rain in the local area.

　　Due to the less precipitation since beginning of winter, many places are relatively dry in the early stage. Rain and snow have a positive impact on eliminating fog and haze, purifying the air, reducing the incidence of diseases and reducing forest fire. In addition, the place covered by rain and snow is the winter wheat planting area. Snowfall can improve soil moisture and effectively inhibit pests and diseases, which is very beneficial to the growth of winter wheat. It can be described as "auspicious snow and good harvest". At the same time, it is also necessary to guard against the adverse effects of local heavy snowfall on facility agriculture.

　　In addition, snow and ice will also have an adverse impact on traffic. On the highway side, this snowfall may lead to more than 10 cm of snow in the areas of southern Shaanxi, southwestern Shanxi, western Hubei, south-central Henan and northern Jiangsu and Anhui. The sections of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, Daguang Expressway, Erguang Expressway, Lianhuo Expressway, Shanghai-Shaanxi Expressway and Ningluo Expressway passing through the above areas may be temporarily closed on 3-4 days. In terms of air transport, flights may be delayed or even cancelled at airports in Xi ‘an, Zhengzhou and Xuzhou. Remind the public with travel plans to arrange their trips reasonably, and pay attention to traffic safety and drive carefully when going out.

　　The cooling area crosses the Yangtze River, Wuhan, Changsha and other places with the highest temperature near freezing point.

　　Yesterday, under the influence of rainy weather and cold air, there was a large-scale cooling from northwest, north and northeast to Huanghuai, western Jianghuai and Jianghan. The monitoring shows that the temperature in Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, western Inner Mongolia, Shanxi to Henan, northern Shandong and northern Anhui dropped by 4-8℃ compared with the previous day, and the local temperature was about 10℃.

　　Today and tomorrow, with the full spread of rain and snow and the influence of cold air, the cooling area will gradually cross the Yangtze River and extend to the southwest and most of the south of the Yangtze River. It is estimated that the maximum temperature zero line will be pushed south to Huanghuai area on the 4th to 5th. For example, the maximum temperatures in Xi ‘an and Zhengzhou will fall below freezing point for the first time this winter, and Wuhan, Hefei, Nanjing and Changsha in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River will also drop to 0℃.

　　The lowest temperature zero line will extend to the Yangtze River again, and it will be wet and cold in the morning and evening. However, in the eastern part of northwest China, the western and northern parts of North China and the western part of Huanghuai, it will fall below -10℃, and it is also a frozen person. For example, in Zhengzhou, the highest temperature is still 9.2℃ on the 1st, and it will drop to -4℃ on the 5th, which is more than 10℃ lower than normal. On the morning of the 5th, the lowest temperature may be as low as -11℃, which will not only be the lowest temperature since this winter, but also break the record of the lowest temperature since 2000.

　　The No.1 typhoon this year may generate gusts of 10-11 in parts of the South China Sea.

　　In addition to a wide range of rain and snow to cool the weather, we need to pay attention to the news of the typhoon. Monitoring shows that the center of the tropical depression in the South China Sea is located at 5 o’clock this morning in the southeast of the South China Sea about 340 kilometers north-east of Yongshu Reef in the South China Sea. It is estimated that the center of low pressure will move westward at a speed of 25-30 kilometers per hour, and its intensity will gradually increase, and it may develop into the No.1 typhoon this year in the next 12 hours, and then it will tend to the coast of southern Vietnam after passing through the waters near Nansha Islands.

　　Affected by this, from 08: 00 on the 3rd to 08: 00 on the 4th, there will be 7-8 winds in most of the South China Sea and the northern Nansha Islands, among which the winds in some parts of the southern South China Sea and the northern Nansha Islands can reach 9 and the gusts are 10-11.

　　Get up in the morning and say to your family, "Good morning." Go to bed at night and say "good night" to your family.

　　When I go out and come home, the child will say, "I’m back." Expecting to go out will also take the initiative to say, "I’m going out for a while."

　　When eating, please ask your elders to sit down first. After eating, you should say, "Eat slowly."

　　… …

　　This semester, Airport Xincheng Primary School in Yubei District issued a "Good Habits Manual" to the first-grade students, which listed 10 good habits and asked parents to record their children’s implementation for 21 days. At first, parents felt headache. After all, some good habits may not be possible for them. Parents insist on doing it with their children, and the changes in their children surprise parents. In the past two days, many committees and friends have been discussing this matter hotly, and feel that the "Good Habit Manual" launched by the school is grounded, which is more practical than the requirements in the past.

　　Elementary school students’ entry-level "good habits"

　　First-year freshmen are the key period to form good habits. Before the start of school, Airport Xincheng Primary School prepared a Record Book of Habit Formation for every new first-year pupil.

　　Parents say that the school requires children to do ten things every day at home: first, go to bed on time; Second, say "good morning" to your family when you get up in the morning; Say "good night" to your family when you sleep at night; Third, when you go out or go home, you should take the initiative to say hello and say, "I’m back" or "I’m going out for a while"; Fourth, work before eating, ask the elders to sit down first when eating, and say "eat slowly" after eating; Fifth, parents should pick up items for their parents after work and say, "It’s hard work"; Sixth, wash socks every day; Seventh, clothes and socks are clean every day; Eighth, wash your hands before reading and writing; Ninth, change clothes and put them in a fixed position, and learn to organize your wardrobe; Tenth, finish your homework on time.

　　The counselor of the brigade introduced in detail that the school has layered the good habit manual, and the specific content of good habits in each grade is not the same, each with its own emphasis. The Record Book of Habit Formation is divided into campus edition and home edition, and the highlights of recording students’ good habits are completed by teachers, classmates and parents. In order to facilitate the timely recording of pupils’ good habits and highlights in their actions, the teachers are also going to process the QR code on each student’s school card and praise it on the spot by scanning the code.

　　Teacher: Good habits as class culture.

　　After school in the afternoon, parents outside the campus picked up their children from school. Many primary school students jumped into the arms of their grandparents and parents, and some primary school students offered to carry their own schoolbags. These good habits have been written into the good habit manuals of many classes in this school.

　　In the classroom of Class 5, Grade 1, good habits have become class culture. On the blackboard newspaper in the classroom, good habits written on white paper are posted on a leafy fruit tree, like golden fruits. Teacher Zhu Xiaohong, the head teacher, also posted a small flower for each student. Every time they practice a good habit, their small flower can be stamped with a red seal of praise.

　　Zhu Xiaohong said that our class has refined the good habits of the school, requiring children to speak actively in class, to be careful when doing homework, to walk up and down the stairs to the right, to avoid playing with classmates, and to cherish public goods. It also advocates that children should take the initiative to hug and thank their parents when they see them after school.

　　"The class convention is still in the process of improvement, and it will be set from many aspects such as behavior habits, study habits and civilized language. I hope that children can develop some good habits every semester, so that they will always be around when they graduate from primary school and grow up. " Zhu Xiaohong said that after a month’s practice, many students began to show some good habits, such as children queuing in turn at noon, chewing slowly at meals, basically being able to eat without saying anything, and actively cleaning desks and lunch boxes after meals.

　　Parents: urge the children to change themselves.

　　Parents are the ones who are most touched when they see their children form good habits day by day. During this time, parents are discussing the "Good Habits Manual" launched by the school on the Internet.

　　"These habits look simple, but they are not easy to do. In fact, many of us can’t do it ourselves." A parent said that he was really "thundered" when he got the good habit manual at first.

　　The teacher asked parents to record their children’s performance at home every day, and to express it with smiling faces and crying faces. A parent talked about his child’s situation, and at first read these good habits to his child one by one. They had no difficulty in understanding these sentences, but they could not persist in doing them. It seems that it is not easy for parents to let their children form good habits by reminding and urging them. A week later, after the parent discussed with his family, the whole family insisted on doing so, and slowly the child began to change.

　　Many parents said that the school’s "Good Habits Manual" benefited them a lot. "These rules are neither ‘ Gaodashang ’ , but also easy to understand and imitate. Great things in the world must be done in detail and persevere. " (Reporter Ye Huang)

　　Photo by Wang Jianmin (People’s Vision)

　　If you open the column,

　　Summer is coming, at the peak of tourism. The top priority of traveling is safety. How to ensure safety in different types of tourism? What should I do if I am in distress? Starting from today, this edition launched a series of reports on "Paying attention to summer tourism", introducing the overall situation of tourism safety and matters needing attention, and paying attention to three popular tourism forms, namely, scenic spot tour, go on road trip tour and overseas tour, and talking about the current situation and countermeasures.

　　In summer, the weather is changeable, and tourism safety incidents occur from time to time, reminding tourists that they should take necessary safety precautions when traveling.

　　What preparations should I make before traveling? When traveling, what should you pay attention to in order to have a safe and enjoyable time?

　　Pay attention to water sports

　　Avoid blind exploration

　　Li Wei from Changsha, Hunan, took her children to travel to Xiangxi. Instead of choosing a popular scenic spot, their family went to a place that is not famous and has not undergone much commercial development to climb the mountain.

　　Before leaving, wei li specially checked the local weather forecast, suggesting that there was moderate to heavy rain. He didn’t pay too much attention to it, and he thought of a place to improvise.

　　When the Li Wei family arrived at the foot of the scenic spot, light rain began to float in the sky. Beside, many tourists chose to continue climbing the mountain, while Li Wei decided to leave the scenic spot with his children and find a place to live. "Fortunately, there was no luck at that time. The next day, I heard local residents say that tourists who climbed the mountain yesterday were trapped on the mountainside for several hours, and it was particularly dangerous to go down in the dark in the middle of the night. " Wei li said.

　　Zhan Dongmei, an assistant researcher in china tourism academy, said that with the development of China’s tourism market, the number of tourists is increasing, and the safety incidents in tourism are also on the rise. Tourism safety has gradually become the focus of increasing attention from all walks of life. Especially in summer, the tourist season, the weather, special play items and other reasons increase the safety risks. Water-playing projects, such as rafting, water parks and trips to islands and lakes, have become the hardest hit areas that have caused safety accidents. Drowning and water traffic accidents are the main factors that cause tourists’ death and injury.

　　Outdoor activities tourism projects, such as hiking, hot air balloon sightseeing, paragliding, etc., also have different degrees of security risks. In addition, due to the differences in climate and geographical environment, the level of tourism infrastructure and sudden natural disasters, tourists are also at risk in travel and accommodation.

　　"Tourism safety risks can generally be divided into several categories." Zeng Bowei, an associate professor at the School of Tourism of Beijing Union University, said. First of all, normal visits can also be risky. For example, there are some hidden dangers in scenic spots with water and mountains, and warning signs and tips should be set up. If tourists pay attention to the risk warning information, it is easier to avoid such risks. In another case, tourists take part in adventure activities, such as outdoor sports and extreme sports planned by informal organizations, including extreme sports at high altitude, rock climbing or water sports, which are more risky. Especially for beginners, it is easy to have security problems.

　　Do a good job of risk warning

　　Strengthen the investigation of hidden dangers

　　Zhan Dongmei believes that tourism has strong comprehensiveness, wide coverage and long industrial chain, involving transportation, quality inspection, food, health, fire protection, meteorology, public security, entry and exit control and other fields. Problems in any link may damage the safety of tourists’ lives and property.

　　With the rapid expansion of the scale of the tourism market, tourists’ travel modes are increasingly diversified, the tourism industry chain is continuously extended, the domestic and international environment is increasingly diversified and complex, and the responsibility system for tourism safety supervision is not yet perfect. The probability of tourists encountering various safety risks during their travel is increasing day by day, and the pressure on tourism safety protection is increasing.

　　Zhan Dongmei said that the tourism authorities should do a good job in risk warning and management. Tourism business units should strengthen the ability of risk monitoring and early warning, establish an all-round and all-time risk monitoring and early warning system, monitor tourism risks in real time, and issue risk early warning to places and regions with excessive risks; Tourism organizations should actively do a good job in risk assessment and reminder, as well as publicity and education of tourism safety knowledge.

　　"Relevant departments have the responsibility to give necessary tips on risks, and to conduct timely investigations on the safety of tourist facilities in scenic spots." Zeng Bowei said that the tourism safety problems in some scenic spots are due to the safety problems of tourism facilities themselves. For such problems, we can eliminate hidden dangers in time by strengthening investigation. For tourism enterprises, especially operators, relevant departments should improve the rules and regulations of safety management. For example, when a travel agency organizes a group, it is necessary to give safety education to the guests in advance and popularize some necessary self-help methods and measures. Safety is the lifeline of the tourism industry. Only when the supervision is in place, the responsibility is not left blank, and the "safety belt" of tourism is tightened with strict systems and solid actions, can the unknown risk factor be minimized.

　　"Different tourism safety incidents have completely different definitions of responsibilities and need to be subdivided." Zeng Bowei said that if tourists are in distress while visiting the scenic spot, and the scenic spot has done the necessary warning or preventive measures, then the personal responsibility of tourists will be more. For example, the scenic spot heightens the protective fence in the dangerous area and sets up tips, but tourists have to climb regardless of the tips. The responsibility of this situation is more obvious.

　　Draw up a safety strategy

　　Buy supplementary insurance

　　Han Yuling, vice president of China Tourism Talent Development Research Institute, believes that many reasons for frequent tourism safety accidents are due to tourists’ lack of safety awareness.

　　"For example, in Beijing, some donkey friends like hiking in Fenghuangling Scenic Area, and people often get lost." Han Yuling said, "In order to reduce risks, the Beijing Tourism Commission specially installed safety light poles along the way that can emit light at night, charge mobile phones and have GPS positioning function to help lost tourists. However, many people feel that it is not exciting enough, so they choose to go further and go to the area where the safety light pole can’t reach. Some people think that the pursuit of excitement and attention to safety during the journey are mutually exclusive and cannot have both. But in fact, without security, how can we enjoy and experience the journey better? "

　　"Before traveling, it is best to draw up a safety strategy." Zhan Dongmei said that free travellers should properly understand the natural environment and social factors of their destinations, guard against potential safety hazards caused by extreme weather, and master the methods of seeking help in emergencies. For tourists who take part in tour groups, travel agencies usually introduce safety precautions before they leave, so they should listen carefully. Passengers traveling abroad should fully consider natural disasters, social security and other factors, and pay attention to the travel safety tips of embassies and consulates and tourism authorities in time.

　　Visitors should also enhance their awareness of safety and details. It is reported that there was a sudden braking of amusement facilities in Tianjin Happy Valley. After inspection, it was found that small objects such as hairpins and chewing gum dropped from tourists triggered the safety device. In fact, before taking the amusement facilities, the staff will explain the safety precautions, while some tourists are lucky, eager to save trouble and don’t pay attention to it. In the process of playing, we should always beware of casual little moves and small things that affect the safety of ourselves and others.

　　"If you are in distress during the trip, don’t panic. Asking for help is also skillful. " Zhan Dongmei said that after the distress, you should ask professional rescuers for help at the first time. If you can’t know the direction and the location of the distress, you must tell the rescuers as much information as possible about the terrain characteristics. If it’s getting late, it’s best to stay where you are and reduce other dangers during the journey. Call for help from the outside world by mobile phone, preferably by SMS, and turn it on every half hour to save the power of the mobile phone. When using a life-saving whistle for help, a distress signal should be issued according to the internationally accepted "six whistles per minute". When necessary, some branches or other combustible materials can be collected. After lighting, some wet branches or grass can be added to make it raise smoke and help rescuers determine the location.

　　Zeng Bowei said that buying insurance is becoming the choice of more and more tourists. Tourists should fully estimate the risks they may face when traveling, find out the insurance that suits them, and then choose an insurance company. Many people confuse travel agency liability insurance and travel accident insurance: travel agency liability insurance, which is required by the national tourism administration to insure passengers, and many cases are not covered by this insurance. When consumers travel, it is best to supplement their own travel accident insurance to add a layer of protection for travel.

　　The expressway operation in Jiangsu province is generally stable. As of the morning of August 6, the exits or entrances of 90 expressway toll stations in Nanjing, Taizhou, Nantong, Suzhou, Huai ‘an, Yangzhou, Xuzhou, Zhenjiang, Lianyungang, Changzhou and Wuxi were temporarily closed. The details are as follows:

　　Nanjing (11):G25 Changshen Expressway Xinji entrance, Lishui North entrance, G2503 Xinhuang, Ma ‘an, Crossbeam entrance, Tianhou Village entrance, G40 Hushan Expressway Crossbeam North entrance, G4221 Huwu Expressway Dongping entrance, Lukou South, Jiangjun Avenue entrance, S55 Ningxuan Expressway Lishui Development Zone entrance;

　　Taizhou (10):G1515 Yanjing Expressway Qintong, Anfeng and Xinjie exits, G2 Beijing-Shanghai Expressway Taizhou Toll Station entrances and exits, G40 Hushan Expressway Guangling and Jishi exits, S35 Fuli Expressway Xinghua Zhouzhuang, Hailing, Yuduo and Dasi exits;

　　Nantong (1):G40 Shanghai-Shaanxi Expressway starts from the southeast entrance;

　　Suzhou (1):G15 entrance to Taicang New District of Shenhai Expressway;

　　Huaian (9):G1516 Yanluo Expressway Lingqiao and Shitang Exit, G2 Beijing-Shanghai Expressway Huai ‘an North Exit, G25 Changshen Expressway Gaogou, Tieshan Temple Exit and Wulipai Exit, S49 Xinyang Expressway Huanghuatang and Xuyi North Exit, S22 Yanbang Expressway Dongyang Exit;

　　Yangzhou (24):G2 Beijing-Shanghai Expressway Gaoyou, Zhenwu Exit, Putou Exit, G40 Shanghai-Shaanxi Expressway Jiangwang, Tangwang, Yangzhou Guangling, Hangji South, Daqiao Exit, Jiangdu South Exit, Yizheng, Zaolinwan Entrance, G4011 Yangli Expressway Guazhou Exit, S28 Qiyang Expressway Yangzhou North, Slender West Lake, Yangzhou West Entrance, Jiangdu North, Dinghuo, Yangzhou Taizhou Airport, Guocun Exit, etc.

　　Xuzhou (3):G30 Lianhuo Expressway Xinyi West Exit, Pizhou West Entrance and Exit, S49 Xinyang Expressway Malingshan Exit;

　　Zhenjiang (8):G42 Hurong Expressway Jurong and Heyang Exit, G4011 Yangli Expressway Town Jiangxi and Shangdang Exit, G4221 Huwu Expressway Tianwang Exit, S35 Fuli Expressway Danyang North and Zhenjiang New District East Exit, S39 Jiangyi Expressway Gao Qiao Exit;

　　Lianyungang (10):G15 Shenhai Expressway Haitou, Luo Yang, Lianyungang North, Xinba and Guanyun North Exit, G25 Changshen Expressway Ganyu South, Dapu, Songtiao, Guanyun West and Guannan Exit;

　　Changzhou (7):S39 Jiangyi Expressway Wujin Economic Development Zone, Chunjiang Exit, S35 Fuli Expressway Shanghuang Toll Station Exit, G4221 Huwu Expressway Gehu Entrance, Maoshan Exit, G25 Changshen Expressway Caoshan Exit, S68 Liyu Expressway Tangqiao Exit;

　　Wuxi (6):G4221 Shanghai-Wuhan Expressway Xiake, Huaxi and Jiangyin Xinqiao entrances and exits, S39 Jiangyi Expressway Heqiao exit, S19 Tongxi Expressway Donggang and Anzhen toll station exit.

　　(Reporter Wu Rui from the General Desk)

Cctv news(Reporter Liu Ruirui, reporter from Wang Xiaoying): On May 11th, the "Emergency Mission 2022" earthquake relief exercise was held in Zhangye, Gansu Province.

The exercise simulated a 7.5-magnitude earthquake in Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The epicenter was located in Xindun Village, Xindun Town, Ganzhou District, and Jiayuguan, Jinchang, Jiuquan and Wuwei felt strong earthquakes.

According to the setting, in this exercise, the "earthquake" caused houses to collapse and damage, and a series of secondary disasters occurred one after another … …

A trapped person was successfully rescued, and the fire rescue personnel transferred the personnel.

Under the majestic Qilian Mountains, on the vast Gobi Desert, fire engines lined up in turn, drones vacated and helicopters roared.

Team assembly

Number one: an earthquake of magnitude 7.5.

The exercise simulated a 7.5-magnitude earthquake in Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The epicenter was located in Xindun Village, Xindun Town, Ganzhou District, and Jiayuguan, Jinchang, Jiuquan and Wuwei felt strong earthquakes.

Rescuers made wooden supports to reinforce the collapsed building to prevent secondary collapse.

The 7.5-magnitude "earthquake" spread to many places, and a large number of houses collapsed and damaged, and a large number of people were trapped under pressure, resulting in multiple secondary disasters, including partial interruption of roads, electricity, water supply, gas and communication, landslides and collapses in mountainous areas, leakage and explosion in Ganzhou section of the west-to-east gas pipeline, overturning of trains in Europe on Lanzhou-Xinjiang line, damage to the west-to-east power transmission project, a large number of tourists trapped in scenic spots, and some villages formed "islands" & …

Three firemen are rescuing the trapped people under the marking point.

In this exercise, the fire drill scenarios are all based on the rescue scenarios that may occur due to the earthquake.

During the exercise, fire rescue teams from Gansu, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other places quickly responded to the rally and devoted themselves to the rescue.

Number two: multi-site linkage 1+4+4　　

The exercise venue adopts the "1+4+4" mode, with the main exercise venue in Zhangye, sub-exercise venues in Jiayuguan, Jiuquan, Jinchang and Wuwei, and four outdoor venues according to scenic spots, high-rise, underground and railways.　

Fire-fighting and rescue workers use construction machinery to remove heavy objects and rescue people trapped in commercial markets.

During the whole drill, in order to cope with the great earthquake and catastrophe in the plateau and cold area, the whole drill was displayed in panoramic mode, which was divided into three stages: pulling inspection, command exercise and comprehensive exercise.

The driver was trapped in the simulated derailment of the Central European train, and the fire rescue personnel carried out rescue.

In this drill, several rescue scenarios that may be caused by earthquakes were simulated, among which Zhangye simulated the search and rescue of people buried in collapsed buildings, the derailment and overturning rescue of trains in Central Europe, the leakage and explosion rescue of oil and gas pipelines for west-to-east gas transmission, the destruction and rescue of facilities for power transmission from west to east, the fire fighting and rescue of high-rise buildings and the construction of camps, the trapped tourists in the Grand Canyon in scenic spots, and the trapped people caused by the collapse of scaffolding in the construction site.

Among them, the west-east gas pipeline leaked and exploded, and huge black mushroom clouds rose one after another. Due to serious deformation and tearing, a large number of crude oil leaked from the Tanlan crude oil pipeline, which in turn caused a fire of 3,200 square meters. The situation was critical, and four professional chemical fire fighting and rescue teams rushed to the scene to reinforce the disposal.

In the oil and gas pipeline leakage, huge black mushroom clouds rose one after another, and fire rescue forces rushed to the scene to reinforce the disposal.

The fire-fighting robot is carrying out the rescue of oil and gas pipeline leakage and explosion.

Wuwei, Gansu Province, simulated the emergency rescue scene affected by the earthquake, where a landslide occurred in Maya Snow Mountain, three climbers were trapped in the snow mountain, and one person showed symptoms of temperature loss.

Fire rescue forces wear special equipment for cold prevention and anti-skid to climb 5.8 kilometers of mountain roads and go deep into the snow area to search for missing buried personnel.

The trapped people are being transferred to the temporary helicopter rescue point.

Jiayuguan City has set up an airport emergency landing course, where the airport runway was seriously damaged due to the earthquake, and the ground broke in many places, so that the aircraft hovering overhead could not land normally. Rescuers are covering the airport runway with a foam layer with a high-magnification foam generator, which can increase the emergency landing buffer, reduce the friction coefficient and reduce the deceleration braking force. Jinchang simulated mine accidents affected by earthquakes.

Covering the airport runway with foam layer by using high multiple foam generator.

Houses and oil and gas stations in the living area of refining and chemical plant in Yumen old city of Jiuquan City collapsed and caught fire. Some people were trapped under pressure, some roads were damaged, and power and communication were interrupted.

There are 26 subjects in the exercise, including the rescue of ruins, the capsizing rescue of trains in Central Europe, the leakage rescue of oil and gas pipelines in the West-East gas pipeline, the rescue and transfer of trapped tourists in scenic spots, the fire fighting and rescue of high-rise buildings, the rescue and rescue of people in distress in snowy mountains, etc. The fire rescue team has the courage to take responsibility and overcome difficulties, and participated in a total of 23, which fully reflects the role of the fire rescue team as the "main force" and "national team" of emergency rescue.

From the snowy Maya Snow Mountain, to the vast and colorful Gobi sandbars, and then to the steep Pingshan Lake Grand Canyon, orange figures are everywhere.

Number 3: 2,105 firefighters participated.

A total of 2,105 fire rescue workers participated in the exercise, including 1,533 from Gansu Provincial Fire Rescue Corps and 572 from other teams.

The repair team is repairing the operation.

　In addition to specific rescue drill scenarios, it is also crucial to ensure emergency communication through linkage. With the launch of the "Emergency Mission 2022" practical earthquake relief exercise in alpine plateau, extreme situations such as power outage, communication base station damage and public network paralysis have always tested the emergency communication support capability at the disaster site.

After the disaster occurred, the Qiantu Communication Support Team of Zhangye City Fire Rescue Detachment immediately dispatched on-site reconnaissance, established satellite communication links, and reported the disaster at the first time. The emergency communication support detachment of Gansu Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps quickly dispatched to the disaster area to build a command communication network, and mobilized several adjacent detachments to respond synchronously.

Specially modified 10 military three-generation light and high-mobility "Warrior" off-road vehicles are the backbone of emergency rescue and quick dispatch in this exercise, including rescue and obstacle breaking, troop assault, technical rescue, general shelter, communication command, power supply and other vehicles, which are suitable for all-weather, all-terrain and all-regional rescue, and can reach all areas in the province within 10 hours to strive for the "golden rescue period" to the maximum extent.

Number 4: 56,000 pieces of equipment and 70 rescue dogs.

Rescue equipment has also attracted much attention. This exercise carried 56,000 pieces (sets) of advanced fire fighting and rescue equipment in 9 categories, including composite life detectors, high-frequency rescue and cutting sets, large-flow snow cannon robots, large-scale tethered drones, all life-saving robots in waters, heavy-duty support sets, portable electric demolition tools, and mobile lighting lighthouses.

At the scene, the fire reconnaissance robot dog cooperated with modern equipment such as thermal imaging drone to quickly assist rescuers to master the internal situation of collapsed buildings and find the location of trapped people.

Fire detection robot dog.

Search and rescue dogs shuttled through the ruins.

The terrain of the ruins is very complex, and the collapsed bodies and scaffolding are staggered and uneven. With the command of the search and rescue dog trainer, six search and rescue dogs quickly shuttled through the ruins, and with the detection of the radar life detector, many shallow trapped people were successfully searched in 20 minutes.

It is reported that the investment in this exercise includes 70 rescue dogs from China’s rescue dog mobile detachments in Shandong and Yunnan and Gansu and Qinghai fire rescue corps. The whole process adheres to the combination of human and dog, dog equipment and search and rescue.

On the evening of October 18th, NVIDIA officially announced two entry-level graphics cards GeForce GTX 1050 and 1050 Ti of its GeForce GTX 10 series, completing the last puzzle of Pascal architecture graphics cards.The biggest selling point is that it can buy good game performance and ultra-low power consumption around 1000 yuan. The main audience is the vast number of online game enthusiasts and users who operate Internet cafes, and it has launched a fatal blow against AMD’s Radeon RX 460.

This year, NVIDIA’s Pascal architecture graphics card let us see its 40% crazy basic frequency increase, while continuing the previous generation’s 1:32 single and double precision unit ratio and the new 16nm production to bring extremely low energy consumption, which is amazing. As the last puzzle of Pascal architecture graphics card, GTX 1050 and GTX 1050 Ti all adopt brand-new GP107 cores.

GP107 core architecture

GTX 1050 Ti adopts GP107-400 GPU core, and its SM units are reduced to 6 groups, and each group of SM units still has 128 CUDA stream processors, with a total of 768 CUDA stream processors, 32 ROP raster units and 48 TMU texture units.

On the other hand, GP107-300 adopted by GTX 1050 is a further step on GP107-400, and continues to "reduce" a group of SM units, so that the CUDA stream processor is reduced to 640, 40 TMU texture units, while 32 ROP grating units remain unchanged.

14nm process doubt cloud

As early as before the release of GTX 1080 this year, there were rumors that NVIDIA’s new GPU core would be handed over to Samsung’s 14nm FinFET process, but the GTX 1080, 1070 and 1060 released later were still TSMC’s 16nm FinFET process. I didn’t expect Samsung’s 14nm FinFET process to appear on the GP107 core of GTX 1050 and GTX 1050 Ti.

Although Samsung’s 14nm FinFET process was mass-produced earlier and accumulated many important technologies, re-selecting the 14nm process will bring many sequelae, such as investing more money for improvement, and it will take a lot of time to re-stream the film, and the previous output is definitely very limited. Therefore, many manufacturers revealed that GTX 1050 Ti will be the main product in the early stage, and the large-scale distribution of GTX 1050 will be delayed by one month. 　 　

GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 graphics card specifications

In terms of frequency, compared with the basic frequencies of big brothers GTX 1080, 1070 and 1060, it is almost 1506MHz, and it is a bit weak to change the basic frequency of GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 with Samsung’s 14nm process. The fundamental frequency of GTX 1050 Ti is 1290MHz and the acceleration frequency is 1392MHz. In order to make up for the performance loss of a group of SM units, the fundamental frequency of GTX 1050 is increased to 1354MHz and the acceleration frequency is 1455MHz. Its overclocking ability needs further testing.

In floating-point performance, GTX 950 is between GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050, and GTX 960 is better than both. Considering the performance improvement brought by frequency, it is speculated that the performance of GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 of Pascal architecture should be similar to that of GTX 960, but better than that of GTX 950.

In terms of memory, GDDR5 memory continues to be used, but the frequency is reduced to 7Gbps, and the bit width of both memory is still 128bit, and the total bandwidth is consistent with the previous generation GTX 950′ s 112 GB/s. GTX 1050 Ti is equipped with 4GB memory, which is more than GTX 1060 3GB. And the younger brother GTX 1050′ s memory capacity is reduced to 2GB, which forms differentiated competition.

In terms of power consumption, compared with the 90W TDP of the previous generation GTX 950, GTX 1050 and GTX 1050 Ti with the most advanced 14nm technology have made great progress, only 75W, so PCI-E power supply can meet the demand. However, some manufacturers will add 6Pin external power supply in pursuit of overclocking capability.

In terms of display interface, GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 remove two DisplayPort 1.2 interfaces, leaving only one interface for DL-DVI, HDMI 2.0 and DisplayPort 1.2. However, some manufacturers will add an extra DL-DVI for their GTX 1050 Ti.

In terms of price, NVIDIA will definitely consider that its market of around 1,000 yuan has been in an unrenovated state, and it is in urgent need of GP107 core graphics card to open the market. Therefore,The suggested retail prices of GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 are 899 yuan and 1199 yuan respectively.

GTX 1050 Ti&GTX 1050 proofs

Sotai GTX 1050 Ti-4GD5 X-Gaming OC

The appearance of sotai GTX 1050 Ti-4GD5 X-Gaming OC is the same as that of big brother GTX 1060-6GD5 X-Gaming OC.

Slightly different, GTX 1050 Ti is a black dome with a black and white checkered pattern in the middle, which looks more layered. Xiao Bian still thinks that the whole piece of silvery white metal on GTX 1060 is more beautiful.

ZOTAC faith LOGO lights still remain.

Sotai GTX 1050 Ti-4GD5 X-Gaming OC specially added an external power interface of 6Pin to ensure overclocking capability.

The interface is different from the previous GTX 10 series graphics cards, which are two DVI, one DP1.4 and one HDMI2.0 interface.

Due to the low calorific value of GTX 1050 Ti, the official version of GTX 1050 Ti (not for sale, only for display) does not use heat pipes, but an aluminum radiator and a single fan can meet the heat dissipation requirements. It is already a big battle to use copper bottom and double heat pipes in Sotai GTX 1050Ti-4GD5 X-Gaming OC.

It adopts 4+1 phase power supply design, Sotai’s iconic AIO inductor, and the upper and lower MosFET tubes are covered with aluminum fins.

Samsung’s GDDR5 memory, 8Gb per granule, 4 granules make up 4GB.

General yingchi GTX 1050 Ti

A highly recognizable box for Shadow Play graphics cards.

The video output interface of the graphics card is two DVI, one DP1.4 and one HDMI2.0 interface.

General yingchi GTX 1050 Ti needs an external 6Pin interface for power supply operation.

Two 7.5cm silent fans deal with the core of GP107, which is simply "cannon hitting mosquitoes".

Yingchi also took care of the GP107 core by using a single heat pipe for direct contact. With large-area aluminum fins, the heat dissipation effect is definitely very good.

The memory adopts GDDR5 memory particles with Samsung model K4G80325FB-HC28.

3+1 phase power supply design support.

Gengsheng GTX 1050 Ti gale EX

The overall appearance of Gengsheng GTX 1050 Ti Gale EX is very family-style, which always gives people a feeling of deja vu. The sharp lines match the name of Gale.

This GTX 1050 Ti is basically not equipped with a backplane.

The video output interface includes two DVI’s, one DP1.4 and one HDMI2.0 interface. In addition, a Dual BIOS changeover switch is set, which can easily switch between the main BIOS and the auxiliary BIOS to ensure "the brush will not die".

A 6Pin external power supply is needed to cultivate GTX 1050 Ti gale EX.

On the front are two 7.5cm ordinary mute fans.

The radiator is in direct contact with a large area aluminum fin and a single heat pipe.

GDDR5 memory particles with Samsung model K4G80325FB-HC28 are adopted.

The design of 3+1 phase power supply is enough to meet the requirements of GTX 1050 Ti.

Yingzhong GTX 1050 Black Gold Extreme Edition

Yingzhong GTX 1050 Black Gold Extreme Edition looks very big, in fact, people are also ITX graphics cards.

From the back, you can know that it is ITX size, PCB length is 14.5cm, and the whole length of the graphics card on the protruding part of the radiator is 19cm. But also plug and play without external power supply.

Interface is a standard DVI, a DP1.4 and an HDMI2.0 interface.

Yingzhong GTX 1050 Black Gold Extreme Edition radiator is also simplified, only equipped with an aluminum fin radiator and two 7.5cm silent fans.

GTX 1050 adopts the new GP107-300 core, but it is a Qual Simple version.

The power supply part inherits the simple and sufficient principle of the public version, and only has 2+1 phase power supply design.

The main memory is H5GC4H24AJR of Hynix.

Test platform and description

As always, the configuration of the test platform is based on Gigabyte Z170X-Designare motherboard, the processor is Intel Core i7-6700K, the frequency range is 4-4.2GHz, the memory is G. Skill DDR 4-2133 MHz with 4 GB * 2 dual channels, and the power supply is Seasonic 1200W Platinum. The system is Microsoft Windows 10 Build 14393. As for the driver, there is no official driver during the test. GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 use the preview version of GeForce 375.57 provided by NVIDIA (unofficial version), while the rest N cards are based on GeForce 375.57, while AMD RX 460 uses the latest Crimson Edition 16.10.2.

The test items include 3DMark(Fire Strike, Time Spy) and Hevean 4.0. This time, the newly-launched popular game War Machinery 4 is added, and there are 8 games with different performance requirements and game types. GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 locate online games and stand-alone games with medium and high quality, so we only test the game results at 1080P resolution.

Benchmark performance test

According to the performance improvement of GTX 1080, 1070 and 1060, it is reasonable that GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050, as the upgrading, should be much better than the previous generation GTX 950. However, judging from the test results of 3DMark Fire Strike, it seems that everyone is surprised, and the score of GTX 1050 is almost the same as that of GTX 950; GTX 1050 Ti is slightly better than GTX 960, but it seems to be a complete failure as AMD RX 460 at the same price, and the performance gap with GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 is like an inseparable gap. However, AMD’s RX 470 can perfectly surpass GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050.

According to the Time Spy test results of the 3DMark DX12 project, Xiaobian’s glasses fell off again. GTX 1050 scores slightly behind GTX 950, and RX 460 also made a beautiful comeback in Time Spy scores; GTX 1050 Ti is only marginally better than GTX 960. Because this is the result of repeated tests, this "pot" seems to have to be carried by the driver. RX 470 4GB also firmly suppresses GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 in Time Spy.

Unigine Heaven 4.0, a test item that is good at subdivision surfaces, and GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 of Pascal architecture are ahead of GTX 960 and GTX 950 of Maxwell architecture in an all-round way, completely abusing RX 460.

DX12 Game Test:

Tomb Raider: Rise is a game that requires extremely abnormal video memory. The results of GTX 1050 and GTX950, both with 2GB video memory, are not good-looking, so even the performance has been behind RX 460 4GB, which can beat GTX 1050 by 3 frames. At the same time, it is also verified that the performance between GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 960 is also half a catty.

In Killer 6, GTX 1050 and GTX950 are at the same level, and GTX 1050 Ti is only ahead of GTX 960 in 4.6 frames, but RX 460 firmly steps on GTX 1050 and GTX950 with 41.1 frames.

The newly added War Machine 4 supports asynchronous operation from Pascal architecture, so this option is turned on when testing GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050. However, we can only beat GTX 960 and GTX 950 with extremely weak advantages, while RX 460 is at the bottom.

DX11 Game Test:

In the whole DX11 game test results, GTX 1050 Ti leads GTX 960 and GTX 1050 leads GTX 950. In the games that need more video memory, RX 460 leads GTX 1050 and GTX 950 with 4GB video memory.

Performance test summary:

The results of this test are summarized in the following table. The data in light gray italics in the table are not counted in the total score. Average all the performance differences, and take GTX 950 as 100% benchmark to get the average performance percentage of each graphics card.

Because the game quality is set to the highest in this test, there is actually some pressure on the GPU core load of this grade of graphics card, and the gap between them may be narrowed.

The test results show that the performance difference between GTX 1050 and GTX 950 is 2.17%, which can be removed as cumulative error, that is to say, the performance of GTX 1050 and GTX 950 is the same, which is only about half that of GTX 1060 3GB.

The average score of GTX 1050 Ti is 5.39% higher than that of GTX 960. Specifically, the difference in the number of game frames is only 2-3 frames, and the performance is about 64% of GTX 1060 3GB.

Under the average score, the performance of GTX 1050 and RX 460 is also very close. This is because the RX 460 tested has 4GB, and some of the tested games require extremely high memory, so RX 460 can turn the tide and catch up with GTX 1050. But for GTX 1050 Ti, which also has 4GB, there is nothing to be done, only to be hanged.

However, the hardware specification of RX 470 4GB is much higher than that of RX 460, so the performance of RX 470 is far better than that of GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050. Therefore, the performance of RX 470D, a special edition of China, should continue to lead, and the imaginary enemy points to GTX 1050 Ti.

Power consumption and temperature test:

Through our specially purchased power consumption testing instrument for graphics card, the wattage of PCI-E and external power interface of graphics card can be accurately measured respectively, and the maximum power consumption of graphics card is obtained in 3DMark Fire Strike stress test. At the request of readers, we added the power consumption test item of the whole machine again, and the maximum power consumption of the whole machine was obtained in Tomb Raider: Rise Benchmark.

From the power consumption test results of individual graphics cards, it can be seen that Samsung’s 14nm process can also have good energy consumption performance. The power consumption of GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 in standby state is 9.86W and 7.74W, respectively, which is better than that of the previous generation Maxwell. Under full load, both of them perform extremely well, both of which are below 75W, so there is no need to worry about the power shortage of PCI-E. AMD’s power consumption control has always been a difficult problem. The 15.8W of RX 460 and the 14.6W of RX 470 4GB are simply terrible.

On the power consumption of the whole machine, GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 are abnormally larger than the other four graphics cards. However, when running the Benchmark full of Tomb Raider: Rise, the characteristics of the ultra-high energy consumption ratio of GP107 core are more obvious, all hovering at 160 W. The GTX 950 and 960 with similar performance in the previous generation were 196.9W and 229.2W. It seems that the power consumption control of Samsung’s 14nm FinFET process is quite good. What about the overclocking ability?

In terms of temperature, due to the full introduction of low-temperature stall technology in this year’s graphics card, all six graphics card fans stopped operating in standby state, and the temperature was in the early 30 degrees. Under full load, Sotai’s GTX 1050 Ti double heat pipe works well. The fan speed is 1251RPM and the temperature is only 60 degrees, which is the lowest among the six graphics cards. Inno3D, on the other hand, has a slightly higher temperature of 65 degrees because it only uses aluminum fins.

Overfrequency test:

Since Pascal architecture no longer supports the pressurization of GPU, we can only lift the upper limit of TDP and adjust the fan speed to 100% at the same time, so as to avoid the frequency reduction due to overheating and affect the overclocking performance.

Through continuous attempts, the GPU core frequency is continuously raised until the frequency fails to pass the 3DMark Fire Strike test, and the previous overclocking frequency that can pass the test is recorded.

However, the core situation of GP107 is very special, which can continuously increase the core basic frequency and memory frequency. However, after overclocking to a bottleneck value, its 3DMark Fire Strike test can pass, but its performance has declined.

We increased the basic frequency of Inno3D GTX 1050 to 1860MHz, and the video memory frequency to 1877MHz (equivalent to 7508MHz). The highest score of 3DMark Fire Strike was 6481, and the performance was 5% higher than the default.

The ZOTAC GTX 1050 Ti has a fundamental frequency of 1911MHz and a video memory frequency of 1889.5MHz (equivalent to 7556MHz), and the highest score of 3DMark Fire Strike is 7163, which is 5% higher than the default.

Summary:

NVIDIA said in its official press conference that GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 are mainly for users who pay attention to cost performance and have not upgraded for two or three years, as well as the vast Internet cafes and Internet cafes market in China.

According to our test results, the performance of GTX 1050 Ti is improved by about 5% compared with GTX 960, which is unmatched in AMD camp. However, its pricing from 1199 yuan is on the high side, compared with 1499 yuan of RX 470 4GB, in fact, GTX 1050 Ti is not cost-effective. In addition, AMD China released the customized graphics card RX 470D of China on the evening of October 21st, which is also aimed at users who are pursuing cost performance and Internet cafe market. It seems that this is the only rival of GTX 1050 Ti. To know the result of the duel, please wait for the synchronous evaluation on October 28th.

Compared with GTX 950, GTX 1050 is almost at the same level, and there is almost no improvement in performance, even if the overclocking performance is limited. However, for RX 460 with the same price of 899 yuan, GTX 1050 DX11 has better game performance and energy consumption ratio. If it is for GTX 650 and GTX 750Ti two or three years ago, the upgrade will be relatively large, and these users just need to buy. Compared with Maxwell, Pascal architecture has the greatest advantage over Maxwell in the graphics card with a level of about 1,000 yuan.

Purchase suggestion:

If you still have GTX 960 and GTX 950, it is seriously not recommended that you upgrade to the graphics card with Pascal GP107 core, because the performance improvement is really limited, but you can choose GTX 1060 3GB with GP104 core, and the performance improvement is guaranteed to satisfy you.

If you still have an old graphics card three years ago, and your budget is limited, and you only play online games and stand-alone games with 1080P resolution and high-end special effects, GTX 1050 Ti and GTX 1050 are still worth updating. After all, they have good performance improvement and lower power consumption.

Due to the insufficient supply of GP107 core in the early stage, GTX 1050 Ti will deliver the goods first, and GTX 1050 will deliver the goods on a large scale later. Moreover, if the double eleven is approaching and the purse surplus is insufficient, you can consider buying GTX 1050 Ti during the period.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, February 22 (Reporter Yuan Xiuyue) What progress has been made in the management of water ecological environment in China in the past year? What are the key arrangements for the remediation of black and odorous water bodies and the supervision of sewage outlets in 2023? On the 22nd, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment held a regular press conference in February, and the relevant person in charge introduced the water ecological environment management.

　　In 2022, the discharge of major water pollutants in China will continue to decline.

　　Huang Xiaozeng, Director of the Department of Water Ecology and Environment of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, introduced that in 2022, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued and implemented the action plan for the remediation of sewage outlets entering the Yangtze River, and the traceability of sewage outlets in the Yangtze River and Bohai Sea was completed by more than 90%, which promoted the solution of more than 20,000 sewage direct discharge and disorderly discharge. Complete the investigation of sewage outlets in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and 30 cities in 6 provinces of Fenhe River Basin.

　　In 2022, the discharge of major water pollutants in China will continue to decline, and the goal of improving the quality of water ecological environment will be successfully completed. The proportion of excellent surface water quality sections in China was 87.9%, up 3.0 percentage points year-on-year; The proportion of sections with inferior grade V water quality was 0.7%, down 0.5 percentage points year-on-year; For three consecutive years, the main stream of the Yangtze River reached Grade II water quality, and the main stream of the Yellow River reached Grade II water quality for the first time. Chemical oxygen demand and total ammonia nitrogen emissions decreased by 3.7% and 5.5% respectively.

　　Huang Xiaozeng said that although the water ecological environment protection has achieved remarkable results, it still faces many bottlenecks and challenges, and there are still many outstanding problems and shortcomings to be solved urgently. For example, it is difficult to fundamentally eliminate black and odorous water bodies, and the water ecological environment governance capacity needs to be improved. In some places, pollution interception and pollution control are still not in place, and the problems of cyanobacteria bloom and water ecological imbalance still exist.

　　This year, the country plans to complete the renovation of more than 800 large-scale rural black and odorous water bodies.

　　Regarding the problem of black and odorous water bodies, Huang Xiaozeng said that in recent years, all localities have taken responsibility and worked hard to speed up the short-board of urban environmental infrastructure. Judging from the current situation, the black and odorous water bodies in the built-up areas of cities (excluding States and leagues) at the prefecture level and above that were included in the supervision list of black and odorous water bodies in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" have been basically eliminated. He mentioned that in 2022, the elimination ratio of black and odorous water bodies in county-level cities successfully completed the annual target of 40%.

　　On the issue of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas, since the "14th Five-Year Plan", the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has organized all localities to carry out comprehensive investigations on black and odorous water bodies in rural areas, and has included more than 4,000 black and odorous water bodies in rural areas that have been strongly reflected by the masses and have a large area in the national supervision list, and implemented the policy of "posting accounts and canceling the numbers one by one". In 2023, the country plans to complete more than 800 large-scale rural black and odorous water bodies remediation, and related tasks have been broken down and distributed to various provinces.

　　He said that in 2022, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of Finance launched a pilot project for the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas, and awarded 200 million yuan, 100 million yuan and 50 million yuan to 15 cities across the country according to the project investment and the declared treatment area. In 2023, the guidance to the pilot areas will be strengthened, and all localities will be urged to further promote the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas through comprehensive and systematic control measures such as pollution control, dredging, water system connectivity and water ecological restoration. At the same time, this year, the two departments will continue to select and support basic and qualified areas and carry out pilot work.

　　230,000 sewage outlets have been investigated, and about one third of them have been rectified.

　　Regarding the supervision of sewage outlets, Huang Xiaozeng said that according to the dispatching data, 245,000 kilometers of river and lake coastlines have been investigated nationwide, and nearly 230,000 sewage outlets have been found. In the future, with the deepening of the investigation work, the number will surely continue to increase. So far, about one third of the 230,000 sewage outlets have been rectified. In recent years, ecological and environmental departments at all levels have approved more than 8,000 sewage outlets into the river and filed more than 900 sewage outlets into the sea.

　　He said that this year’s target tasks are the main streams and important tributaries of the seven river basins of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the Haihe River, the Pearl River, the Songliao River and the Taihu Lake. Key lakes and key bays should fully complete the investigation of sewage outlets, and also complete 80% of the traceability and 30% of the remediation tasks.

　　Huang Xiaozeng mentioned that in these typical cases exposed by central environmental protection inspectors, it was found that the centralized collection and treatment rate of sewage in some places was even less than 10%. The places where this happens should be superficial articles on pollution control, and there are still some places where environmental infrastructure construction is lagging behind and sewage treatment capacity is insufficient.

　　"The problem of water pollution is in the water and the roots are on the shore." Huang Xiaozeng said that the reason is that some places have not established a correct view of political achievements, and pollution control "pays more attention to face than lining", which requires real money and silver investment, such as the construction of sewage pipe network and the upgrading of sewage treatment facilities. These aspects are inaction and slow action, and even some places still have the idea of "waiting for what is needed", and there is no fundamental determination to completely solve this problem. This is intolerable.

Grasping the inherent requirements of innovative military strategic guidance

■ Yan Wenhu Wang Xiongchun Tu Qingshan

Reading tips

Military strategic guidance is a scientific summary and theoretical generalization of the law of war guidance, a concentrated expression of a country’s military policy and strategic intention, a general policy and principle for the army to fulfill its mission and task, and plays a leading role in army building, reform and preparations for military struggle. Military strategic guidance is related to the future of the country, the destiny of the nation and the development of the army, and its vitality lies in changing with the times and responding to the situation; It lies in innovation and development, and grasping the opportunities to win.

In the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, President Xi clearly pointed out that military strategic guidance should be innovated. At present, the rise of new science and technology with the main characteristics of "intelligence, ubiquity and green" is promoting the rapid evolution of war form to information intelligence. We must understand the importance and urgency of innovating and developing military strategic guidance from the height of history and times, fully implement the supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army, implement the military strategic policy of the new era, deeply understand and grasp the inherent requirements of innovating military strategic guidance, and promote the coordination of military strategic guidance innovation with national security needs, consistent with the information-based intelligent war.

Innovating the political nature of military strategic guidance

War is the continuation of politics, and any military strategy is essentially a political choice and a manifestation of political will. To plan and direct war, we must deeply understand the political nature of war, insist that military should obey politics and strategy should obey politics, and think about war from a political perspective: the nature of strategy is determined by politics, its objectives are endowed by politics, and its formulation, implementation and adjustment are dominated by politics. Our army is a people’s army under the absolute leadership of the Party and an armed group that carries out the political tasks of the Party. The military strategy must be planned and guided with the Party’s banner as the banner, the Party’s direction as the direction and the Party’s will as the will.

To innovate military strategic guidance, we must profoundly understand and grasp the strategic intentions of the CPC Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and President Xi, obey and serve political requirements, plan military strategy under the overall political situation, resolutely safeguard the party’s leadership and the national political system, and resolutely obey the command of the CPC Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and President Xi at all times and under all circumstances.

Innovating the overall situation of military strategic guidance

Strategy is the planning and guidance for the overall and long-term issues. Military strategic guidance is related to national security, national rejuvenation and the long-term development of the army. It is at the top of the military field and the highest decision on military issues. Its overall situation is reflected in taking into account all aspects, parts and stages of war and non-war military operations, national defense and army building, and preparations for military struggle from a political and strategic perspective, and playing an overall and comprehensive planning and guiding role, which has a commanding role in army building, reform and preparations for military struggle.

To innovate military strategic guidance, we must firmly grasp the party’s central task of "uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups in China to build a socialist modernization power in an all-round way, realizing the goal of the second century, and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization", adhere to the overall international strategic situation and the overall national development situation, adhere to the overall national security concept, stand at the strategic and overall height, focus on obeying and serving the interests of safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development, and persist in the struggle in political, economic, diplomatic and military fields organically.

The antagonism of innovating military strategic guidance

War is the highest form to solve the contradictions and struggles between countries, nations and political groups. As a military strategy that guides the overall situation of the war, it reflects the military relationship of national contradiction or class contradiction, which is produced in the contradiction confrontation and the product of combining with the practice of military struggle under certain historical conditions, and plays a theoretical guiding role in the actual military struggle. Obviously, any military strategy is put forward for specific threats, challenges and opponents. Making a military strategy is not aimless and marginal on paper. Strategic planning and guidance always aim at the main threats, strategic opponents and main combat targets, and win by using military power and means around the struggles and games between the two sides.

To innovate military strategic guidance, we should pay attention to the use of military force and military means to create a favorable strategic situation, emphasize the passive response to threats to the active design of wars, and emphasize that according to the strategic needs of national security, we should accurately grasp the development trend of war forms, predict the nature, direction and degree of potential strategic opponents and targets, the possible timing, style, direction, scale, process and outcome of wars, and look forward to where to fight, who to fight and what to fight, with me as the main task.

Innovating the times of military strategic guidance

An era has its basic characteristics, and an era has its strategic proposition. Innovative military strategic guidance should answer the questions of the times, reflect the new requirements of the war form, and make the development of military strategic thinking resonate with the world at the same frequency, so as not to prepare for the next war according to the way of the last war. Under different times and historical conditions, the connotation of strategic guidance often changes with the changes of strategic opponents, which has obvious characteristics of the times. At present, changes in the world, times and history are unfolding in an unprecedented way. On the one hand, the historical trend of peace, development, cooperation and win-win is unstoppable, and the aspirations of the people and the general trend determine that the future of mankind will be bright after all. On the other hand, the hegemonic bullying behaviors, such as bullying, usurpation and zero-sum game, are extremely harmful, and the peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit and governance deficit are aggravated, and human society is facing unprecedented challenges.

To innovate military strategic guidance, we must firmly grasp the strategic requirement of "realizing the goal of building the army for a hundred years as scheduled and accelerating the building of the people’s army into a world-class army", understand and plan the war issue with the big goal of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, resolutely safeguard national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, provide strategic support for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and make greater contributions to world peace and development.

Innovating the scientificity of military strategic guidance

"Science and technology are the most active and revolutionary factors in military development, and every major scientific and technological progress and innovation will lead to profound changes in the form and mode of warfare." Innovative military strategy should be coordinated with the development of science and technology, especially the development of military science and technology. Up to now, the war form of human society has experienced four basic stages of development: cold weapons, hot weapons, mechanization and informationization. The military strategic guidance is basically consistent with the scientific and technological level at that time, and follows the objective reality of war and the law of war guidance under this form. To plan and guide the war and understand the winning mechanism of the war, we should pay close attention to the influence of science and technology on the war. At present, with the great breakthrough of artificial intelligence technology and the accelerated infiltration and application in the military field, the trend of war form developing in the direction of intelligence is increasingly obvious.

To innovate military strategic guidance, we should fully predict the development trend of military science and technology, fully consider the influence of science and technology on future wars, accurately grasp the development trend of war forms, actively explore the characteristics and laws of future wars, explore new mechanisms for winning wars, increase the scientific and technological content in military strategic guidance, provide objective basis and demand for formulating, adjusting and implementing strategies, better promote national defense and army building, and consolidate the preparation foundation for military struggle.

The Inheritance of Innovative Military Strategic Guidance

The form of war is a process of gradual development and evolution, and the way to win is both innovative and inherited. This is not only the objective requirement of thinking change, but also a reasonable choice to win the future. Theoretical innovation can surpass predecessors only on the basis of inheriting predecessors. Innovative military strategic guidance is a new development on the basis of traditional theory, and it is a selective absorption of successful experience, rather than cutting off the "transcendence" of history. Our army has always attached great importance to absorbing nutrients from China’s excellent traditional culture and excellent traditional military thought, and accumulated valuable wealth such as active defense strategic thought and people’s war thought in the long-term revolutionary war and the practice of defending the motherland. Every innovation in military strategic guidance is the inheritance and development of our army’s active defensive strategic thinking and people’s war thinking.

To innovate military strategic guidance, we should expand the era connotation of active defense strategic thought, and expand the time and space scope, content system and means style of defense; We should grasp the historical mission and strategic objectives of the military strategic policy in the new era, innovate the strategic guidance of the people’s war in the new era, and realize "you hit you, I hit me" in the modern battlefield.

Innovating the Openness of Military Strategic Guidance

Advanced strategic thinking is the common wealth of mankind, and opening up can draw rich nutrition from the military strategic thinking of all countries in the world. The military theories of all countries in the world contain the deep thinking of all countries in the field of national security and military affairs, represent the unique understanding of all countries, and provide rich nourishment for the continuous innovation and development of military theories. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "All military laws or military theories with principles are summaries of past war experiences made by predecessors or present people. The bloody lessons left by these past wars should be studied emphatically. "

To innovate military strategic guidance, we should inherit and develop the essence of our own military theory, learn from the outstanding achievements of today’s world military theory, learn from and absorb with a broad mind, learn from each other’s strengths and make it more systematic and inclusive. At the same time, we should persist in making the past serve the present and making foreign things serve China, treat them dialectically, and give them new vitality in combination with reality to promote the formation of innovative theoretical achievements.

(Author: Institute of War Studies, Academy of Military Sciences)