Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, March 28th Title: Legal interpretation of Wu Xiaohui’s case — — Interview with Professor Ruan Qilin of China University of Political Science and Law

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Fei, Huang Anqi

　　On March 28th, the Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court held a trial in the first instance to hear the case of Wu Xiaohui, the former chairman and general manager of Anbang Property Insurance Group Co., Ltd., who was suspected of fund-raising fraud and duty embezzlement. Weibo, the official of Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court, made a summary of the trial. The reporter interviewed Professor Ruan Qilin, an expert in criminal law and China University of Political Science and Law, and asked him to analyze and interpret the main legal issues involved in this case according to the facts and evidence of the case published by Guan Wei of Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court, as well as the relevant information published by relevant departments and media before.

　　Reporter: From the main criminal facts and evidence that the procuratorate accused the defendant of being suspected published by Weibo, the official of Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court, how do you think to evaluate the nature of these behaviors of the defendant in criminal law? What kind of serious social harm do these behaviors have?

　　Ruan Qilin: Defendant Wu Xiaohui used Anbang Property Insurance as a financing platform, and the amount of illegally selling investment-type insurance products exceeded the scale approved by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, reaching more than 720 billion yuan, which was illegal. According to Article 1 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in the Trial of Illegal Fund-raising Cases, (1) those who, without the approval of the relevant departments according to law, (2) publicize in the society, and (3) promise to repay the principal and interest or pay a return, and absorb funds from the public are illegal to absorb public deposits. Although Anbang Property Insurance controlled by Wu Xiaohui has been approved by the relevant departments to issue investment-type insurance products according to law, it is far beyond the scale of sales approved by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (over-raised), and the over-raised part should be considered as "not approved by the relevant departments according to law", which is illegal. Its over-raised part is staggering, reaching more than 720 billion yuan, which contains great financial risks and has extremely serious social harm.

　　Defendant Wu Xiaohui, in the above-mentioned illegal fund-raising process, first, used deception to secretly increase the capital of Anbang Group and Anbang Property Insurance by over-raised premium funds of more than 77 billion yuan. According to the relevant regulations, shareholders must increase their capital to insurance companies with their own funds, and Wu Xiaohui secretly converted the premium funds raised in excess into shareholders’ funds as capital increase for Anbang Property Insurance and Anbang Group, which violated the law and invented solvency to the CIRC and the public. At the same time, Wu Xiaohui manipulated Anbang Group and Anbang Property Insurance to modify profits, adjust data, disclose false information, and continue to make false propaganda to the public. Deceive the public to buy its investment insurance products, resulting in a sharp expansion of the scale of over-raising. Second, illegal possession of huge illegal fund-raising funds (over-raised premiums). After Anbang Property & Casualty sold investment insurance with a predetermined income in its own name, according to Wu Xiaohui’s request, it concealed the over-raised premium to Anbang Group or transferred it to the industrial company actually controlled by Wu Xiaohui, leaving the supervision of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission and other regulatory authorities, thus realizing the purpose of Wu Xiaohui’s illegal possession of huge premium funds by himself or through the industrial company actually controlled by himself, and actually causing a fund gap of 65.2 billion yuan. Wu Xiaohui can only repay the old premium gap with new premium income, and so on, with the Ponzi scheme. According to Article 192 of the Criminal Law, "those who illegally raise funds by deception for the purpose of illegal possession … …” It constitutes a crime of fund-raising fraud.Wu Xiaohui used deception to illegally raise funds and illegally took some of the funds for himself, which was suspected of constituting a crime of fund-raising fraud.

　　At the same time, the defendant Wu Xiaohui took advantage of his position to instruct others to transfer the original Anbang property insurance premium to the industrial company he actually controlled for his own use by means of transfer without accounting, which met the constitutive requirements of the crime of occupational embezzlement, and the amount was 10 billion yuan, which was extremely huge.

　　Reporter: We noticed that the defendant’s illegal fund-raising behavior in this case was carried out by insurance institutions. In judicial practice, how to determine the illegality of the actual controller using legal financial institutions to raise funds illegally? How to identify its criminal purpose? How to distinguish between unit crime and individual crime of natural person?

　　Ruan Qilin: These questions you asked are very professional. First of all, about the illegality of this behavior. Although Anbang Property Insurance is a legal financial institution, its issuance of investment-type insurance products must be approved by the CIRC according to relevant regulations. It is illegal to sell investment insurance products without the approval of the CIRC or beyond the sales scale approved by the CIRC. Because super-scale sales and illegal fund-raising have the same financial risks and are equally harmful to investors. Moreover, because it is a legal financial institution, it is easier to gain the trust of the public, and it can quickly expand the scale of illegal fund-raising to form greater financial risks, which is more harmful to society. The scale of illegally raised funds in this case has rapidly expanded to more than 720 billion yuan, which is closely related to Wu Xiaohui’s use of the signboard of Anbang Property Insurance legal financial institutions. After the incident, the relevant government departments immediately took over Anbang Group, which reflected the seriousness of the financial risks it created and forced the government departments to take over. In recent years, illegal fund-raising cases, such as the largest "Easy Rent Treasure" case, involved only tens of billions of yuan, which is a drop in the bucket compared with the scale of illegal fund-raising in this case. The amount that this case was illegally occupied and could not be returned reached more than 65 billion yuan, far exceeding the fund-raising fraud cases such as "Easy Rent Treasure".

　　Secondly, about the defendant’s criminal purpose. According to Article 2 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in the Trial of Illegal Fund-raising Cases, if illegal fund-raising by deception has one of the following circumstances, it can be considered as "for the purpose of illegal possession": (2) wantonly squandering fund-raising funds, resulting in the non-return of fund-raising; … … (5) Evading, transferring funds, concealing property and evading the return of funds; … … (8) Other circumstances in which the purpose of illegal possession can be identified. In this case, the defendant used fictitious equity investment, false shareholder dividends and other means to transfer the investment-type insurance product funds raised by Anbang Property Insurance to the industrial company actually controlled by him for possession and use, and has caused more than 65 billion yuan of premium funds to be returned. Enough to identify the purpose of illegal possession.

　　Third, whether it is a unit crime or an individual crime. This case should be considered as an individual crime such as the defendant, and should not be considered as a unit crime. First, the unit crime should reflect the unit will, while the management of Anbang Group, Anbang Property Insurance and other Anbang companies all reflect Wu Xiaohui’s personal will, which does not conform to the company’s operating rules and cannot make Wu Xiaohui’s personal will rise to the unit will. Second, the essential feature of unit crime is "for the benefit of the unit". A large number of facts in this case show that Wu Xiaohui made a personal decision and sought personal interests. According to Article 3 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Relevant Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Law in the Trial of Unit Crimes: "Whoever embezzles the name of a unit to commit a crime, and the illegal income is divided among the individuals who commit the crime, shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions on crimes committed by natural persons". In this case, Wu Xiaohui illegally took tens of billions of premium funds for himself, which should be considered as a natural person crime. At the same time, in this case, Zhongyuan Anbang Property Insurance and Anbang Group had to bear the responsibility of paying more than 720 billion yuan of wealth management products illegally raised by Wu Xiaohui and others because of their illegal fund-raising and illegal possession of premium funds. It has suffered huge economic losses and financial risks, and it is also a victim.

　　Reporter: Generally, fund-raising fraud cases will cause great losses to fund-raising participants, but there is no actual loss of the insured in this case. Excuse me, Professor Ruan, does this situation affect the criminal evaluation?

　　Ruan Qilin: Actually, Anbang Property Insurance has already taken great risks. According to today’s trial, the total assets of Wu Xiaohui’s personal and industrial companies at the time of the incident were far below the funding gap. Wu Xiaohui has hollowed out Anbang Property Insurance by using false capital injection, false investment, and various pretexts to transfer premiums. Once the capital chain breaks, millions of investors will suffer huge losses. Fortunately, the government supervision department found the huge redemption risk in time, took over Anbang Group urgently, and went all out to prevent the risk from expanding. That is to say, the actual loss of investors has not yet occurred in this case, which is entirely due to the fact that the government regulatory authorities prevented Wu Xiaohui and others from committing crimes of illegal fund-raising and taking over Anbang Group. This should not reduce Wu Xiaohui and others’ guilt of encroaching on the original Anbang property insurance and Anbang Group property, using fraudulent methods to illegally raise funds and illegally occupying fund-raising funds.

　　Reporter: Wu Xiaohui’s two criminal facts in the prosecution are that he took the funds of financial institutions as his own, but some of them were identified as fund-raising fraud and some as duty crimes. Why are these two parts of criminal facts evaluated differently in law? Why can’t it be regarded as the crime of illegal use of funds?

　　Ruan Qilin: In the case of basically the same criminal modus operandi, the public prosecutor found that Wu Xiaohui constituted the crime of fund-raising fraud and the crime of occupational embezzlement respectively. The criteria for such identification were based on the nature of illegally occupied funds.

　　Generally speaking, after an investor buys the products of an insurance company, the funds are actually owned and controlled by the insurance company, and the actual controller’s transfer of possession by taking advantage of his position should be regarded as a duty crime or a crime of illegal use of funds. All the illegally occupied funds come from Anbang’s legal premium income.

　　In order to obtain a large amount of funds, the actual controller used financial institutions as a tool to illegally absorb funds from the public. For example, in this case, Wu Xiaohui sold investment-type insurance products beyond the scale approved by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, which was illegal in fund-raising, and the defendant illegally transferred and occupied the huge amount of funds in illegal fund-raising. The illegally occupied funds came from the premium funds of investment products that Anbang had overpaid (illegally raised funds). In illegal fund-raising, using deception to illegally raise funds and transfer the illegal fund-raising funds for possession is a related act under the deliberate control, that is, illegal fund-raising and illegal possession of fund-raising funds, which cannot be divided and should be evaluated as a whole. Therefore, it is reasonable to identify this part as fund-raising fraud.

　　The crime of illegal use of funds is the illegal use of funds managed by the relevant management institutions in violation of state regulations. This crime cannot cover or include illegal sources of funds and illegal possession of funds. Wu Xiaohui, the defendant in this case, used Anbang Property Insurance to sell insurance products beyond the approved scale, which was illegal fund-raising, and this illegal fund-raising behavior could not be included in the crime of illegal use of funds. That is to say, the crime of illegal use of funds can only evaluate the illegal use of funds, but it cannot or is not enough to evaluate the illegal source of funds, that is, it cannot include the evaluation of illegal fund-raising behavior. For Wu Xiaohui’s illegal fund-raising behavior, only the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits or the crime of fund-raising fraud can accurately evaluate the illegality of his obtaining funds. In addition, the crime of illegal use of funds can not cover the illegal possession of funds, and the crime of fund-raising fraud can include not only the illegal acquisition of funds, but also the illegal possession of illegally acquired funds, as well as the domination, use and punishment on the basis of illegal possession. Therefore, only the crime of fund-raising fraud can completely evaluate Wu Xiaohui’s illegal fund-raising and illegal possession of illegally raised funds. If the crime of illegal use of funds is found, the evaluation of its illegal fund-raising and illegal possession of funds is omitted, and all its behaviors are not completely evaluated.

Zhiyi Automobile/Li Jingwen

Recently, the internal design of Huawei’s "Ask the World" was exposed, which caused extensive discussion in the industry. Huawei’s smart car brand "ask the world" has attracted countless eyes since its advent, and every time a new product goes on the market, it will cause heated discussion.

The internal planning of this exposure is even more surprising. The new luxury smart model, the M8, will be launched in the world. It is expected to be launched in 2025, and its pricing range and delivery time have been roughly determined, with a total price of 300,000-400,000. . Let’s take a look at it.

In terms of appearance, there are similarities between the border M8 and the border M9 from the rendering. The circular closed front face is equipped with a lighted "border" sign above the engine compartment cover. Compared with the border M9, the through headlight group appears smoother, while the starlight style on both sides makes the car look more exquisite. The long and narrow passages on both sides are somewhat similar to the border 9, and the lower part is covered with black decoration. The laser radar on the roof is also a highlight of Huawei’s intelligent driving system.

The side body is slender, and the hidden BC column is used. Compared with the M9, the lower part of the window of the new model is narrower and looks more concise. The concealed door handle is decorated with chrome-plated ornaments, which echoes the decorations at the fender, making the whole car more integrated. The new car wheel hub adopts the double-color wheel hub of M9, and there are more slender decorative strips on the side, with rough wheel eyebrows, which is both stable and powerful.

The tail is a penetrating taillight, and the design is in stark contrast to the front of the car. The high-position brake light is embedded in the middle of the roof spoiler, which is highly recognizable after lighting. Like M9, the design of AITO logo, transverse decorative strips and reflective strips makes the whole car more layered.

As for the interior, please refer to the M9. The central control adopts triple screen design, eye-catching LCD instrument screen, central control screen and co-pilot’s entertainment screen, all of which show the atmosphere of luxury and technology. The circular three-spoke steering wheel is equipped with physical buttons, electronic arms and HUD head-up display, and the air outlets at both ends are in a "back" structure, which looks more atmospheric as a whole. The auxiliary center console is equipped with operation mode knob and dual mobile phone wireless charging panel.

In addition, the length of the M8 car body is over 5,100mm, and it is designed with three rows of seats. The trunk space is spacious, which can meet the needs of family travel or official business. This kind of physical performance also makes the M8 in the market get a higher degree of attention.

In terms of intelligent driving, it is equipped with Huawei’s newly developed "Gankun ADS3.0" advanced intelligent driving system, which, combined with air suspension technology, allows users to have a higher intelligent driving experience. As for security issues, Huawei will certainly not be worse, because everyone knows Huawei’s accomplishments in intelligent technology.

At present, the specific power information is not clear. It is reported that the "Whale" 800V high-voltage battery pack will be used, the wire harness will be reduced by 80% and the thickness will be reduced by 16.4%. It only takes 5 minutes to supplement the cruising range of 150km, which means that the new car will have more advantages in charging.

Although the new car was launched a little late, its competitiveness in the market can not be ignored. According to the official, the starting price of this model is 359,800 yuan, and the highest price is 410,000 yuan, which is quite competitive among the models of the same class.

Huawei asked the industry whether it would consider launching more cost-effective models in the future, so as to better meet the needs of consumers. This is also something that is worth looking forward to. If we can launch some smart models with affordable prices, I think they will definitely be favored by the majority of users.

The original article of Zhiyou Automobile, please contact us if you need to reprint it.

* The picture is from the Internet. If it is infringing, please contact the author to delete it. *

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Not long ago, the National Health and Wellness Commission and other six departments jointly formulated the "Second Batch of Rare Diseases Catalogue", which newly included 86 rare diseases. Together with the first batch of 121 rare diseases included in 2018, at present, there are 207 rare diseases included in the catalogue in China.

In recent years, the word "rare disease" has appeared more and more frequently in everyone’s field of vision. For example, in the news, the father developed "self-made medicine" for his son’s complex disease, and then in the past two years, the price negotiation of medical insurance was hot, and most of them were related to rare disease drugs.

The "drug god father", who was known on the Internet in 2021, took his son to be injected with gene therapy drugs in June 2022, and was also the first patient with Menkes disease who underwent gene therapy in China | See the watermark for the source.

In the past two years, the medical insurance price negotiations have always been hot headlines, and drugs related to rare diseases are included in the national medical insurance drug list every year | Source: CCTV News

Therefore, many people have the impression that the concept of rare diseases is both familiar and unfamiliar: rare diseases don’t seem so "rare", it seems difficult to treat them, and there don’t seem to be so many experts studying rare diseases …

But these superficial impressions are not enough to describe the whole picture of rare diseases.

What is a rare disease? Really "rare"?

In fact, different countries have different definitions of rare diseases. For example, the United States generally defines it as a disease with fewer than 200,000 people in China (that is, about 1 in 1,500), while the prevalence rate in Europe is less than 1 in 2,000.

According to China’s "Research Report on the Definition of Rare Diseases in China 2021", the definition of rare diseases in China is: "Diseases with neonatal morbidity less than 1/ 10,000, morbidity less than 1/ 10,000, and patients less than 140,000 are classified as rare diseases". The main reason is that China has a large population base. If the definition is too loose, the pressure on drug research and development and medical insurance will be too great.

Taking Europe as an example, different countries have different definitions of rare diseases, which often need to be considered according to factors such as population, drug research and development (the unit is every 100,000 people) | Source: Chung C C Y, et al. 2022.

You may be curious: since the prevalence rate is one thousandth or one thousandth, why do you say that it may be too loose to put pressure on the medical system? That’s because the concept of rare diseases is actually a collection of thousands of diseases, or collectively.

According to incomplete statistics, the number of known rare diseases is about 6000-8000. Although the prevalence rate is not all 1/2000, this figure is still very scary-according to the statistical estimation of the incidence rate of 3585 rare diseases, there are about 263-446 million people suffering from various rare diseases all over the world.

This is why, although it is called a rare disease, this group is not "rare" at all.

What does it mean to have a rare disease?

What does it mean to get this rare disease with a probability of one thousandth? Will it become a rare object that is taken care of by everyone like the stars holding the moon?

At least at present, most patients with rare diseases are not so lucky.

First of all, you have to diagnose what disease you are.

But in fact, the diagnosis of rare diseases is very difficult because of limited medical resources and imperfect medical knowledge. About half of the patients with rare diseases in the world still don’t know what disease they have, and the remaining half still face problems such as delayed diagnosis, wrong diagnosis, no treatment plan and unattended care.

What does this mean? If there is a rare patient in Europe, Xiao A, who suddenly has an attack, there is a 25% possibility that Xiao A will not know what disease he has until five years later. In 40% cases, different doctors will give Xiao A different diagnosis and different treatment schemes, and most of these treatment schemes are not helpful to Xiao A because of misdiagnosis.

However, under this wave of operation, Xiao A may have spent a lot of money to cure the disease.

"Layer-by-layer Screening" of Rare Diseases in Europe from Diagnosis to Treatment

In China, however, the shortage of medical resources will only make these ratios higher.

Suppose Xiao A was lucky enough to get an accurate diagnosis in just one year. At this time, the doctor turned over a long list of rare diseases and told Xiao A with regret that there was no medicine for your disease. Because now more than 90% of rare diseases have no good treatment.

This is also the reason why it was mentioned at the beginning that two years ago, the father could only develop drugs to treat his son himself.

As a result, Xiao A will fall into long-term hospitalization or drug treatment, not only can barely maintain his life, but also bear the sky-high medical expenses for life-for example, patients with cystic fibrosis need about 280-1.9 million euros in medical expenses for a lifetime.

Let’s assume that Xiao A is super lucky. Not only is he diagnosed quickly, but he also finds that this rare disease has a very effective orphan drug (rare disease is also called "orphan disease" because the patient is rare, just like "orphan"). As a result, ta may be shocked when he looks at the drug price: it is reported that the average price of rare disease drugs used by each patient is 4.8 times that of other diseases.

You can do a "simple math problem": in 2014, the development of a new drug in China will cost about $1.2 billion, and to maintain the research and development of the whole pharmaceutical industry, it is required that the sales volume should be at least $15 billion. According to the maximum subsidy of 300,000 RMB (about 50,000 US dollars) provided by medical insurance, at least 300,000 patients are needed-and a rare disease is defined as a disease with less than 140,000 patients. Then it requires higher pricing, so that drug researchers and the whole industry can "return to the original".

In other words, patients with rare diseases have to pay more for treatment than other patients.

What does it mean to study rare diseases?

But why are drugs for rare diseases so expensive? Are biomedical companies all black-hearted enterprises? In fact, it is not only patients, but also researchers of rare diseases.

However, the research on rare diseases in China is on the rise, even catching up with common diseases. The above figure shows the number of published research articles, and the following figure shows the number of clinical trials | Source: Yang L, et al.2015.

Suppose researcher Xiao B wants to study a rare disease. The first question Xiao B faces is: Where is my research object?

Although the definition of rare diseases is less than 140,000 people, it sounds like a large number, but in fact only a small number of patients will go to the hospital, and they are scattered in hospitals all over the country.

Not to mention finding a needle in a haystack, it should be as difficult as finding a needle in a swimming pool.

Let’s continue to assume that Xiao B is lucky enough to collect information about dozens of patients with rare diseases in several hospitals and prepare for research. At this time, the question comes again-where does the research funding come from? Rare diseases are mostly genetic diseases, and the study of rare diseases requires gene sequencing, data analysis, animal experiments and so on, which require no less funds than ordinary diseases.

However, from the simple relationship between supply and demand, patients with more common diseases often get more financial support; However, there are more than 5,000 rare diseases with different pathogenesis, so much research funds are available, and what researchers can get is often a drop in the bucket.

From diagnosis to research and development of rare diseases, every step is money, especially when ordinary sequencing (exon sequencing, ES) is ineffective, it is more complicated for researchers to judge the difficulty and exploration direction of rare diseases | Source: Marwaha S, et al. 2022.

However, assuming that Xiao B is lucky, he just applied to the National Natural Science Foundation of China, which has started to increase funding for research on rare diseases in recent years, and got a lot of research funds. Xiao B intends to do a big job to develop an effective drug for this rare disease and solve this rare disease once and for all!

So Xiao B collected patient information, sequenced to find rare disease targets, and began to screen different drugs;

After discovering hundreds of drugs that may be useful, carry out cell experiments and animal experiments;

Finally, five drugs may be effective, so they went to clinical trials;

After the first phase, the second phase and the third phase of the clinic, I was particularly lucky that a drug was proved to be effective;

Start the long drug approval and enter the fourth phase of clinical practice;

Finally, the drug was put into use.

So more than ten years have passed.

Process of new drug research and development | Source: Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, China Academy of Sciences

In addition, the results brought by the small sample size of patients are unreliable, the experimental design is difficult, and the treatment is not necessarily extensive and effective, which are puzzling the researchers of rare diseases.

It can be seen that it is a thankless thing for researchers to study rare diseases and develop related new drugs.

We can’t ignore it just because it’s "rare"

However, we can’t ignore hundreds of millions of patients with rare diseases because rare diseases are rare, or because research is "thankless".

For patients, governments all over the world have gradually realized the importance of rare diseases, and have increased investment in relevant medical insurance policies, so that more and more patients can get the best treatment at acceptable prices. There was also a hot search for high-priced drug negotiations in the previous two years.

By the end of this year, more than 50 kinds of 75 kinds of drugs for rare diseases that have been approved for listing in China have been included in the medical insurance drug list.

The status quo of rare disease drugs included in medical insurance | Source: Comprehensive report on rare diseases

For the drug research of rare diseases, different countries often support the development of rare diseases drugs from the aspects of research and development funds, drug approval cycle, drug tax relief and so on. In recent years, China has also improved the laws and regulations in this area to better support the research of rare diseases in China.

From the end of last century, governments and research institutions in various countries gradually realized that rare diseases are not rare, and they also deserve public attention. From diagnosis to treatment, from research to drugs, there are more and more different supports, but in the face of 300 million patients and thousands of diseases, the progress now is far from enough.

As a trivial biological science popularization person, we also hope to make a contribution in this respect. Now that China has listed 207 rare diseases, we will try to introduce these "orphan diseases" in simple and easy-to-understand language, which you may have never heard of.

I believe that as long as everyone knows something, orphan disease will no longer be lonely.

References:

? Chung C C Y, Hong Kong Genome Project, Chu A T W, et al. Rare disease emerging as a global public health priority[J]. Frontiers in public health, 2022, 10: 1028545.

The Third Multidisciplinary Expert Seminar on the Definition of Rare Diseases/Orphans in China, Research Report on the Definition of Rare Diseases in China 2021.

Comprehensive report on lilac orchard and rare diseases

? Ferreira C R. The burden of rare diseases[J]. American journal of medical genetics Part A, 2019, 179(6): 885-892.

? Yang L, Su C, Lee A M, et al. Focusing on rare diseases in China: are we there yet? [J]. Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2015, 10(1): 1-2.

? Griggs R C, Batshaw M, Dunkle M, et al. Clinical research for rare disease: opportunities, challenges, and solutions[J]. Molecular genetics and metabolism, 2009, 96(1): 20-26.

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　　On August 31, 2014, the 10th meeting of the 12th the NPC Standing Committee adopted the following amendments to the Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC):

　　(a) in the first paragraph of article nineteenth, "qualified by the relevant departments of the State Council or the relevant departments of the provincial people’s government" is amended as "outside the centralized procurement institution".

　　(two) by deleting the third paragraph of article seventy-first.　

　　(three) the "cancellation of its qualification for relevant business according to law" in Article 78 is amended as "prohibiting it from acting as an agent for government procurement business within one to three years".　

　　Attachment: Revised Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC);　

order of the president of the people’s republic of china　

No.68　

　　The Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) was adopted by the 28th meeting of the 9th the NPC Standing Committee in People’s Republic of China (PRC) on June 29th, 2002, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of January 1st, 2003.

Jiang Zemin, President of People’s Republic of China (PRC)

June 29, 2002

People’s Republic of China (PRC) government procurement law　

Adopted at the 28th meeting of the 9th the NPC Standing Committee on June 29th, 2002.

　　Chapter I General Provisions　

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purpose of regulating government procurement, improving the efficiency in the use of government procurement funds, safeguarding national interests and social public interests, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of parties involved in government procurement, and promoting the building of a clean government.

　　Article 2 This Law shall apply to government procurement within the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　The term "government procurement" as mentioned in this Law refers to the use of financial funds by state organs, institutions and organizations at all levels to purchase goods, projects and services within the centralized procurement catalogue formulated according to law or above the procurement quota standard.

　　The catalogue of centralized government procurement and the standard of procurement quota shall be formulated in accordance with the authority prescribed in this Law.

　　The term "procurement" as mentioned in this Law refers to the behavior of obtaining goods, projects and services for compensation by contract, including purchase, lease, entrustment and employment.

　　"Goods" as mentioned in this Law refers to articles in various forms and types, including raw materials, fuels, equipment and products.

　　The term "project" as mentioned in this Law refers to construction projects, including new construction, reconstruction, expansion, decoration, demolition and repair of buildings and structures.

　　The term "services" as mentioned in this Law refers to other government procurement objects except goods and projects.

　　Article 3 Government procurement shall follow the principles of openness and transparency, fair competition, impartiality and good faith.

　　Article 4 Where government procurement projects are subject to bidding, the bidding law shall apply.

　　Article 5 No unit or individual may, in any way, obstruct or restrict suppliers’ free access to the government procurement market in their own regions and industries.

　　Article 6 Government procurement shall be carried out in strict accordance with the approved budget.

　　Article 7 Government procurement shall combine centralized procurement with decentralized procurement. The scope of centralized procurement is determined by the centralized procurement catalogue published by the people’s governments at or above the provincial level.

　　The centralized procurement catalogue of government procurement projects under the central budget is determined and published by the State Council; The centralized procurement catalogue of government procurement projects belonging to local budgets shall be determined and published by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government or their authorized institutions.

　　Government procurement projects included in the centralized procurement catalogue shall be subject to centralized procurement.

　　Eighth government procurement quota standards, belonging to the central budget of government procurement projects, determined and promulgated by the State Council; Government procurement projects belonging to local budgets shall be determined and announced by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government or their authorized institutions.

　　Article 9 Government procurement should help to achieve the national economic and social development policy objectives, including protecting the environment, supporting underdeveloped areas and ethnic minority areas, and promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Tenth government procurement should purchase domestic goods, projects and services. Except for one of the following circumstances:

　　(a) the goods, projects or services to be purchased cannot be obtained within the territory of China or cannot be obtained on reasonable commercial terms;

　　(2) Purchasing for use outside China;

　　(3) Other laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise.

　　The definition of domestic goods, projects and services mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council.

　　Eleventh government procurement information should be released to the public in a timely manner in the media designated by the government procurement supervision and management department, except those involving commercial secrets.

　　Twelfth in government procurement activities, procurement personnel and related personnel have an interest in suppliers, must be avoided. Suppliers may apply for withdrawal if they think that the procurement personnel and related personnel have interests with other suppliers.

　　The relevant personnel mentioned in the preceding paragraph include the members of the bid evaluation committee in bidding procurement, the members of the negotiation team in competitive negotiation procurement, and the members of the inquiry team in inquiry procurement.

　　Thirteenth financial departments of the people’s governments at all levels are responsible for the supervision and management of government procurement, and perform their duties of supervision and management of government procurement activities according to law.

　　Other relevant departments of the people’s governments at all levels shall perform supervision and management duties related to government procurement activities according to law.

　　Chapter II Parties to Government Procurement　

　　Article 14 The parties to government procurement refer to all kinds of subjects who enjoy rights and assume obligations in government procurement activities, including purchasers, suppliers and procurement agencies.

　　Fifteenth purchasers refer to state organs, institutions and organizations that conduct government procurement according to law.

　　Article 16 The centralized procurement agency is a procurement agency. The people’s governments at or above the level of cities and autonomous prefectures with districts shall set up centralized procurement institutions according to the needs of organizing centralized procurement of government procurement projects at the corresponding level.

　　Centralized procurement institutions are non-profit legal persons, and handle procurement matters according to the entrustment of purchasers.

　　Seventeenth centralized procurement institutions to carry out government procurement activities, should meet the requirements of the purchase price is lower than the average market price, higher procurement efficiency, excellent procurement quality and good service.

　　Eighteenth purchasers of government procurement projects included in the centralized procurement catalogue must entrust centralized procurement agencies to purchase; Government procurement projects that are not included in the centralized procurement catalogue can be purchased by themselves, or they can entrust centralized procurement institutions to purchase on their behalf within the scope entrusted.

　　If it is included in the centralized procurement catalogue and belongs to the general government procurement project, it shall entrust a centralized procurement agency to purchase it; Projects that belong to this department and have special requirements in this system shall be subject to centralized procurement by departments; Belonging to the project with special requirements of the unit,

　　Approved by the people’s governments at or above the provincial level, they can purchase on their own.

　　Article 19 A purchaser may entrust a procurement agency other than a centralized procurement agency to handle government procurement matters within the scope of entrustment.

　　The purchaser has the right to choose the procurement agency by himself, and no unit or individual may designate the procurement agency for the purchaser in any way.

　　Article 20 Where a purchaser entrusts a procurement agency to handle procurement matters according to law, the purchaser shall sign an entrustment agreement with the procurement agency to determine the entrusted matters according to law and stipulate the rights and obligations of both parties.

　　Article 21 A supplier is a legal person, other organization or natural person who provides goods, projects or services to the purchaser.

　　Twenty-second suppliers to participate in government procurement activities shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) Having the ability to bear civil liability independently;

　　(2) Having a good business reputation and a sound financial accounting system;

　　(3) Having the necessary equipment and professional technical ability to perform the contract;

　　(4) Having a good record of paying taxes and social security funds according to law;

　　(five) in the three years before participating in government procurement activities, there is no major illegal record in business activities;

　　(6) Other conditions stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

　　The purchaser may, according to the special requirements of the procurement project, stipulate the specific conditions of the supplier, but shall not discriminate or discriminate against the supplier under unreasonable conditions.

　　Article 23 A purchaser may require suppliers participating in government procurement to provide relevant qualification certificates and performance information, and examine the qualifications of suppliers according to the supplier conditions stipulated in this Law and the specific requirements of procurement projects for suppliers.

　　Twenty-fourth more than two natural persons, legal persons or other organizations can form a consortium to participate in government procurement as a supplier.

　　Where government procurement is conducted in the form of a consortium, all suppliers participating in the consortium shall meet the conditions stipulated in Article 22 of this Law, and shall submit a joint agreement to the purchaser, stating the work and obligations undertaken by all parties to the consortium. The parties to the consortium shall jointly sign a procurement contract with the purchaser and bear joint and several liabilities to the purchaser for the matters stipulated in the procurement contract.

　　Twenty-fifth parties to government procurement shall not collude with each other to harm the national interests, social public interests and the legitimate rights and interests of other parties; Other suppliers shall not be excluded from competition by any means.

　　The supplier shall not bribe the purchaser, the procurement agency, the members of the bid evaluation committee, the members of the competitive negotiation team and the members of the inquiry team, or take other improper means to win the bid or clinch a deal.

　　A procurement agency shall not seek illegal interests by bribing the purchaser or by other improper means.

　　Chapter III Methods of Government Procurement　

　　Twenty-sixth government procurement adopts the following methods:

　　(a) public bidding;

　　(2) Inviting tenders;

　　(3) Competitive negotiation;

　　(4) Single-source procurement;

　　(5) Inquiry;

　　(six) other procurement methods identified by the procurement supervision and management department of the State Council Municipal Government.

　　Public bidding should be the main procurement method of government procurement.

　　Twenty-seventh procurement of goods or services should be open tender, the specific amount of the standard, which belongs to the central budget of government procurement projects, by the the State Council; Government procurement projects belonging to local budgets shall be stipulated by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; If it is necessary to adopt procurement methods other than public bidding due to special circumstances, it shall obtain the approval of the procurement supervision and administration department of the people’s government at or above the city or autonomous prefecture with districts before the start of procurement activities.

　　Article 28 A purchaser shall not break up the goods or services that should be purchased by public bidding or evade public bidding in any other way.

　　Article 29 Goods or services that meet any of the following circumstances may be purchased by inviting tenders in accordance with this Law:

　　(1) It is special and can only be purchased from a limited range of suppliers;

　　(two) the cost of public bidding accounts for a large proportion of the total value of government procurement projects.

　　Article 30 Goods or services that meet any of the following circumstances may be purchased by competitive negotiation in accordance with this Law:

　　(a) after the tender, there is no supplier to bid, or there is no qualified target, or the new tender cannot be established;

　　(two) the technology is complex or special, and it is impossible to determine the detailed specifications or specific requirements;

　　(three) the time required for bidding can not meet the urgent needs of users;

　　(four) the total price can not be calculated in advance.

　　Article 31 Goods or services that meet any of the following circumstances may be purchased by single source in accordance with this Law:

　　(a) can only be purchased from a sole supplier;

　　(2) Unable to purchase from other suppliers due to unforeseen emergencies;

　　(3) It is necessary to ensure the consistency of the original procurement items or the requirements of supporting services, and it is necessary to continue to purchase from the original suppliers, and the total amount of additional funds does not exceed 10% of the original contract purchase amount.

　　Article 32 Government procurement projects with uniform goods specifications and standards, sufficient spot supply and small price changes may be purchased by inquiry in accordance with this Law.

　　Chapter IV Government Procurement Procedures　

　　Thirty-third departments responsible for the preparation of departmental budgets shall, when preparing departmental budgets for the next fiscal year, list the projects and capital budgets of government procurement in this fiscal year and report them to the financial department at the same level for summary. The examination and approval of departmental budgets shall be conducted according to the budget management authority and procedures.

　　Article 34 Where goods or services are purchased by inviting public bidding, the purchaser shall select more than three suppliers from the suppliers who meet the corresponding qualification conditions by random method, and issue an invitation to bid to them.

　　Article 35 Where goods and services are purchased by tender, it shall not be less than 20 days from the date when the tender documents are issued to the deadline when the bidders submit their tender documents.

　　Thirty-sixth in the bidding, one of the following circumstances, should be abolished:

　　(1) There are less than three suppliers who meet the professional requirements or make substantial responses to the bidding documents;

　　(two) there are violations of laws and regulations that affect the procurement justice;

　　(three) the bidders’ quotations all exceed the procurement budget, and the purchaser cannot pay;

　　(four) due to major changes, the procurement task is cancelled.

　　After the bid is cancelled, the purchaser shall notify all bidders of the reasons for the cancellation.

　　Thirty-seventh after the cancellation of the tender, except for the cancellation of the procurement task, the tender should be re-organized; If it is necessary to adopt other procurement methods, it shall be approved by the procurement supervision and administration department of the people’s government at or above the city or autonomous prefecture with districts or the relevant government departments before the start of procurement activities.

　　Thirty-eighth procurement by competitive negotiation shall follow the following procedures:

　　(a) the establishment of a negotiating team. The negotiating team consists of representatives of the purchaser and relevant experts in an odd number of more than three, of which the number of experts shall not be less than two thirds of the total number of members.

　　(2) Formulating negotiation documents. The negotiation documents shall specify the negotiation procedures, contents, terms of the draft contract and the criteria for evaluating the transaction.

　　(three) to determine the list of suppliers invited to participate in the negotiations. The negotiating team shall determine at least three suppliers from the list of suppliers who meet the corresponding qualifications to participate in the negotiation and provide them with negotiation documents.

　　(4) negotiation. All members of the negotiating team concentrate on negotiating with a single supplier. During the negotiation, neither party shall disclose the technical data, prices and other information of other suppliers related to the negotiation. If there are substantial changes in the negotiation documents, the negotiating team shall notify all suppliers participating in the negotiation in writing.

　　(five) to determine the supplier. After the negotiation, the negotiating team shall require all the suppliers participating in the negotiation to make the final quotation within the specified time, and the purchaser shall determine the successful supplier from among the successful candidates proposed by the negotiating team according to the principle of meeting the procurement demand, equal quality and service and the lowest quotation, and notify all the unsuccessful suppliers participating in the negotiation of the results.

　　Article 39 In the case of single-source procurement, the purchaser and the supplier shall follow the principles stipulated in this Law and conduct the procurement on the basis of ensuring the quality of the purchased items and reasonable prices agreed by both parties.

　　Fortieth procurement by inquiry shall follow the following procedures:

　　(a) the establishment of inquiry team. The inquiry team consists of representatives of the purchaser and relevant experts in an odd number of more than three, of which the number of experts shall not be less than two thirds of the total number of members. The inquiry team shall stipulate the price composition of the procurement project and the criteria for evaluating the transaction.

　　(two) to determine the list of suppliers to be inquired. According to the purchase demand, the inquiry team determines at least three suppliers from the list of suppliers who meet the corresponding qualifications, and sends them an inquiry notice for quotation.

　　(3) Inquiry. The inquiry team requires the inquired supplier to quote a price that cannot be changed at one time.

　　(4) Determine the supplier of the transaction. The purchaser determines the clinched supplier according to the principle of meeting the purchasing demand, equal quality and service and lowest quotation, and informs all the suppliers who have not clinched the transaction after being inquired about the result.

　　Article 41 The purchaser or the procurement agency entrusted by him shall organize the acceptance of the supplier’s performance. Large-scale or complex government procurement projects shall invite quality inspection institutions recognized by the state to participate in the acceptance work. Members of the acceptance party shall sign the acceptance letter and bear corresponding legal responsibilities.

　　Forty-second purchasers and procurement agencies shall properly keep the procurement documents of each procurement activity of government procurement projects, and shall not forge, alter, conceal or destroy them. The storage period of procurement documents is at least fifteen years from the date of the end of procurement.

　　Procurement documents include records of procurement activities, procurement budget, bidding documents, bidding documents, bid evaluation standards, evaluation reports, calibration documents, contract texts, acceptance certificates, query replies, complaint handling decisions and other relevant documents and materials.

　　The record of procurement activities shall at least include the following contents:

　　(a) the category and name of the procurement project;

　　(2) The budget, capital composition and contract price of the procurement project;

　　(three) the procurement method, the procurement method other than public bidding, shall specify the reasons;

　　(4) Conditions and reasons for inviting and selecting suppliers;

　　(five) the evaluation criteria and the reasons for determining the winning bidder;

　　(six) the reasons for the abolition of the target;

　　(seven) the corresponding records of purchasing methods other than bidding.

　　Chapter V Government Procurement Contracts　

　　Article 43 The contract law shall apply to government procurement contracts. The rights and obligations between the purchaser and the supplier shall be agreed by contract in accordance with the principle of equality and voluntariness.

　　A purchaser may entrust a procurement agency to sign government procurement contracts with suppliers on its behalf. Where a contract is signed by a procurement agency in the name of the purchaser, the power of attorney of the purchaser shall be submitted as an annex to the contract.

　　Article 44 A government procurement contract shall be in written form.

　　Forty-fifth the State Council municipal government procurement supervision and management department shall, in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council, stipulate the terms that the government procurement contract must have.

　　Article 46 The purchaser and the supplier who won the bid and clinched the deal shall, within 30 days from the date of issuance of the notice of winning the bid and clinched the deal, sign the government procurement contract according to the matters specified in the procurement documents.

　　The bid-winning and transaction notice has legal effect on both the purchaser and the bid-winning and transaction supplier. If, after the notice of bid winning and transaction is issued, the purchaser changes the result of bid winning and transaction, or if the supplier of bid winning and transaction abandons the project of bid winning and transaction, it shall bear legal liability according to law.

　　Article 47 Within seven working days from the date of signing the procurement contract for government procurement projects, the purchaser shall submit a copy of the contract to the government procurement supervision and management department and relevant departments at the same level for the record.

　　Forty-eighth with the consent of the purchaser, the successful bidder and the successful supplier may perform the contract by subcontracting according to law.

　　If the government procurement contract is subcontracted, the successful bidder and the successful bidder shall be responsible to the purchaser for the procurement project and the subcontracted project, and the subcontracted supplier shall be responsible for the subcontracted project.

　　Article 49 In the performance of a government procurement contract, if the purchaser needs to add the same goods, projects or services as the subject matter of the contract, he may negotiate with the supplier to sign a supplementary contract without changing other terms of the contract, but the purchase amount of all supplementary contracts shall not exceed 10% of the original contract purchase amount.

　　Article 50 The parties to a government procurement contract shall not alter, suspend or terminate the contract without authorization.

　　If the continued performance of the government procurement contract will harm the national interests and social public interests, both parties shall modify, suspend or terminate the contract. The party at fault shall be liable for compensation. If both parties are at fault, they shall bear corresponding responsibilities.

　　Chapter VI Queries and Complaints　

　　Article 51 If a supplier has questions about government procurement activities, he may ask the purchaser, and the purchaser shall give a timely reply, but the contents of the reply shall not involve commercial secrets.

　　Article 52 If a supplier believes that his rights and interests have been harmed by the procurement documents, procurement process and the results of winning the bid and closing the transaction, he may, within seven working days from the date when he knows or should know that his rights and interests have been harmed, raise a written question to the purchaser.

　　Article 53 The purchaser shall give a reply within seven working days after receiving the written query from the supplier, and notify the questioned supplier and other relevant suppliers in writing, but the content of the reply shall not involve trade secrets.

　　Article 54 If the purchaser entrusts a procurement agency to purchase, the supplier may ask or question the procurement agency, and the procurement agency shall reply to the matters within the scope of the purchaser’s entrustment in accordance with the provisions of Articles 51 and 53 of this Law.

　　Article 55 If a supplier is dissatisfied with the reply of the purchaser or the procurement agency, or the purchaser or the procurement agency fails to make a reply within the specified time, he may complain to the procurement supervision and administration department of the government at the same level within 15 working days after the reply expires.

　　Fifty-sixth government procurement supervision and management departments shall, within thirty working days after receiving the complaint, make a decision on the handling of the complaint, and notify the complainant and the parties concerned in writing.

　　Fifty-seventh government procurement supervision and management departments in handling complaints, according to the specific circumstances, notify the purchaser in writing to suspend procurement activities, but the longest suspension period shall not exceed 30 days.

　　Article 58 If a complainant refuses to accept the decision of the government procurement supervision and administration department to handle the complaint or the government procurement supervision and administration department fails to handle it within the time limit, he may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit to the people’s court according to law.

　　Chapter VII Supervision and Inspection　

　　Fifty-ninth government procurement supervision and management departments should strengthen the supervision and inspection of government procurement activities and centralized procurement institutions.

　　The main contents of supervision and inspection are:

　　(a) the implementation of laws, administrative regulations and rules on government procurement;

　　(two) the scope of procurement, procurement methods and implementation of procurement procedures;

　　(three) the professional quality and professional skills of government procurement personnel.

　　Sixtieth government procurement supervision and management departments shall not set up centralized procurement institutions, and shall not participate in the procurement activities of government procurement projects.

　　There shall be no subordinate relationship or other interest relationship between the procurement agency and the administrative organ.

　　Article 61 A centralized procurement institution shall establish and improve its internal supervision and management system. The decision-making and execution procedures of procurement activities should be clear, and supervise and restrict each other. The responsibilities and authorities of the personnel handling procurement and those responsible for the examination and acceptance of procurement contracts shall be clear and separate from each other.

　　Article 62 The procurement personnel of centralized procurement institutions shall have relevant professional qualities and skills, and meet the requirements for professional posts as stipulated by the government procurement supervision and administration department.

　　Centralized procurement institutions should strengthen education and training for their staff; Regularly assess the professional level, work performance and professional ethics of procurement personnel. Procurement personnel who fail to pass the examination shall not continue to serve.

　　Article 63 The procurement standards for government procurement projects shall be made public.

　　Where the procurement method specified in this Law is adopted, the purchaser shall publish the procurement results after the procurement activities are completed.

　　Article 64 A purchaser must conduct procurement in accordance with the procurement methods and procedures stipulated in this Law.

　　No unit or individual may, in violation of the provisions of this law, require purchasers or procurement staff to purchase from suppliers designated by them.

　　Sixty-fifth government procurement supervision and management departments shall inspect the procurement activities of government procurement projects, and the parties to government procurement shall truthfully reflect the situation and provide relevant materials.

　　Article 66 The government procurement supervision and management department shall assess the purchase price, fund-saving effect, service quality, reputation status and whether there are any illegal acts of centralized procurement institutions, and regularly publish the assessment results truthfully.

　　Article 67 The relevant government departments responsible for administrative supervision of government procurement in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations shall strengthen supervision of government procurement activities in accordance with their division of responsibilities.

　　Article 68 Audit institutions shall supervise government procurement through auditing. The supervision and administration department of government procurement and the parties involved in government procurement shall accept the audit supervision of audit institutions.

　　Article 69 Supervisory organs shall strengthen supervision over state organs, state civil servants and other personnel appointed by state administrative organs who participate in government procurement activities.

　　Article 70 Any unit or individual shall have the right to accuse and expose illegal acts in government procurement activities, and relevant departments and organs shall promptly deal with them according to their respective functions and duties.

　　Chapter VIII Legal Liability　

　　Article 71 If a purchaser or a procurement agency is under any of the following circumstances, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, given a warning, and may also be fined. The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished by the administrative department or the relevant authorities and notified:

　　(1) Purchasing by other means without authorization by means of public bidding;

　　(2) raising the procurement standards without authorization;

　　(3) Differentiating or discriminating against suppliers under unreasonable conditions;

　　(four) in the process of bidding and purchasing negotiations with bidders;

　　(5) Failing to sign a procurement contract with the supplier who won the bid or clinched the deal after the notice of winning the bid or clinched the deal is issued;

　　(six) refusing the relevant departments to carry out supervision and inspection according to law.

　　Article 72 If a purchaser, a procurement agency and its staff are under any of the following circumstances, which constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law; If the case does not constitute a crime, it shall be fined, and if there are illegal gains, the illegal gains shall be confiscated. If it belongs to the staff of state organs, it shall be given administrative sanctions according to law:

　　(1) Malicious collusion with suppliers or procurement agencies;

　　(2) Accepting bribes or obtaining other illegitimate interests in the procurement process;

　　(three) providing false information in the supervision and inspection carried out by the relevant departments according to law;

　　(4) disclosing the pre-tender estimate before the bid opening.

　　Article 73 If one of the first two illegal acts affects or may affect the bid-winning and transaction results, it shall be dealt with separately according to the following circumstances:

　　(1) If the supplier who won the bid or clinched the deal is not determined, the procurement activities shall be terminated;

　　(2) If the supplier who won the bid and clinched the deal has been determined but the procurement contract has not been fulfilled, the contract shall be cancelled and the supplier who won the bid and clinched the deal shall be determined separately from the qualified candidates;

　　(3) If the procurement contract has been performed and losses are caused to the purchaser and supplier, the responsible person shall be liable for compensation.

　　Article 74 Where a purchaser fails to entrust a centralized procurement agency to carry out centralized procurement for government procurement projects that should be subject to centralized procurement, the government procurement supervision and administration department shall order it to make corrections; Refuses to correct, stop paying the funds according to the budget, and be punished by the superior administrative department or the relevant authorities according to law.

　　Article 75 If a purchaser fails to publish the procurement standards and procurement results of government procurement projects according to law, it shall be ordered to make corrections, and the directly responsible person in charge shall be punished according to law.

　　Article 76 Where a purchaser or procurement agency conceals or destroys the procurement documents that should be kept or forges or alters the procurement documents in violation of the provisions of this Law, the government procurement supervision and administration department shall impose a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan, and the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 77 In any of the following circumstances, a supplier shall be fined from 0.5% to 0.10% of the purchase amount, listed in the list of bad behavior records, and prohibited from participating in government procurement activities for one to three years. If there are illegal gains, the illegal gains shall be confiscated, and if the circumstances are serious, the business license shall be revoked by the administrative department for industry and commerce; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　(a) providing false materials for winning the bid and closing the deal;

　　(2) Defaming or crowding out other suppliers by improper means;

　　(3) Malicious collusion with purchasers, other suppliers or procurement agencies;

　　(4) Bribing bribes or providing other illegitimate interests to purchasers or procurement agencies;

　　(five) negotiation with the purchaser in the process of bidding and purchasing;

　　(six) refusing the supervision and inspection of the relevant departments or providing false information.

　　If the supplier is under any of the circumstances mentioned in Items (1) to (5) of the preceding paragraph, the bid winning and transaction is invalid.

　　Article 78 If a procurement agency commits illegal acts in acting as an agent for government procurement, it shall be fined in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations, and may be prohibited from acting as an agent for government procurement for one to three years. If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 79 If a party to government procurement commits one of the illegal acts in Articles 71, 72 and 77 of this Law, causing losses to others, he shall bear civil liability in accordance with the relevant civil laws.

　　Article 80 Any staff member of the government procurement supervision and administration department who abuses his power, neglects his duty or engages in malpractices for personal gain in violation of the provisions of this Law in the course of supervision and inspection shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 81 If the government procurement supervision and management department fails to deal with the supplier’s complaints within the time limit, it shall give administrative sanctions to the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel.

　　Article 82 If the government procurement supervision and management department makes false statements in the performance evaluation of centralized procurement institutions, conceals the real situation, or fails to make regular evaluation and publish the evaluation results, it shall promptly correct it, and its superior organ or supervisory organ shall notify its responsible person, and the person directly responsible shall be given administrative sanctions according to law.

　　Centralized procurement institutions in the assessment of government procurement supervision and management departments, false performance, conceal the real situation, impose a fine of 20 thousand yuan to 200 thousand yuan, and shall be notified; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be disqualified from purchasing as an agent.

　　Eighty-third any unit or individual that obstructs or restricts suppliers from entering the government procurement market in their own region or industry shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; Refuses to correct, the unit or individual shall be punished by the superior administrative department or the relevant authorities.

　　Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions　

　　Article 84 If the agreement reached between the lender and the fund provider and the Chinese side provides otherwise on the specific conditions of government procurement with loans from international organizations and foreign governments, such provisions may be applied, provided that the national interests and social public interests are not harmed.

　　Article 85 This Law is not applicable to urgent procurement due to serious natural disasters and other force majeure events and procurement involving national security and secrets.

　　Article 86 Military procurement laws and regulations shall be formulated separately by the Central Military Commission (CMC).

　　Article 87 The specific steps and measures for the implementation of this Law shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 88 This Law shall come into force as of January 1, 2003.

Beijing Zhengfa 1992 No.50

The people’s governments of all districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, the head offices and institutions of higher learning:

　　The Regulations of Beijing Municipality on Urban Planning adopted at the thirty-fifth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth Beijing Municipal People’s Congress on July 24, 1992 are hereby forwarded to you, please implement them carefully.

August 11, 1992　　

Regulations of Beijing Municipality on Urban Planning

(Adopted at the 35th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth Beijing Municipal People’s Congress on July 24, 1992)

Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of implementing the Urban Planning Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Urban Planning Law), rationally formulating urban planning, strengthening urban planning management, adapting to the needs of socialist modernization and combining with the actual situation of Beijing.

　　Article 2 The formulation and implementation of urban planning must abide by the Urban Planning Law and these Regulations.

　　The scope of application of these Regulations is the administrative area of this Municipality.

　　Article 3 Beijing is the political and cultural center of the whole country. Beijing’s urban construction and the development of various undertakings must be based on and reflect the urban nature of Beijing.

　　Article 4 Beijing is a famous historical and cultural city, and urban planning and construction should reflect the history and culture of the Chinese nation, the revolutionary tradition and the characteristics and features of the capital.

　　Urban planning and construction should make full use of modern science and technology, absorb and learn from the civilized achievements of world urban development, and gradually build a modern city.

　　Article 5 The development of urban and rural economy should suit the nature and characteristics of this Municipality, adjust and optimize the industrial structure, focus on the development of high-tech industries, develop the tertiary industry, and strictly restrict industries that consume a lot of energy, use a lot of water, have a large transportation volume, occupy a large area and cause serious pollution.

　　Article 6 Strictly control the development scale of cities, especially urban areas, and take effective measures to promote the rational distribution of urban system and urban population.

　　Article 7 Urban planning must conform to the national conditions and market conditions, scientifically predict the needs of urban long-term development, and correctly handle the relationship between short-term construction and long-term development.

　　All urban construction undertakings must implement the policy of building the country through diligence and thrift, adhere to the principle of applicability and economy, strictly save urban land and build water-saving and energy-saving cities.

　　Article 8 Beijing Urban Planning Administration (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Planning Bureau) is the competent department of urban planning administration of this Municipality.

　　Beijing Urban Planning and Design Institute (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Planning Institute) is the working body of the Municipal People’s Government responsible for organizing the preparation of urban planning.

　　The District and County Urban Planning Administration (hereinafter referred to as the District and County Planning Bureau) is the competent department of urban planning administration of the district and county people’s governments, in charge of the urban planning work of the district and county, and is led by the Municipal Planning Bureau in business, and the planning work is guided by the Municipal Planning Institute.

　　Sub-district offices and town (township) people’s governments shall strengthen the management of urban planning in their respective jurisdictions, and the relevant business shall be led by the district and county planning bureaus.

　　Article 9 This Municipality encourages scientific and technological research on urban planning, popularizes advanced technologies and improves the scientific and technological level of urban planning. Units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements may be commended and rewarded by the people’s governments at all levels or the relevant competent departments.

　　Article 10 All units and individuals have the obligation to abide by city planning, and have the right to report and accuse violations of city planning.

Chapter II Preparation and Examination and Approval of Urban Planning

　　Eleventh city planning should proceed from reality, according to the city’s national economic and social development planning and natural environment, resource conditions, historical conditions, current characteristics, etc., overall consideration, reasonable arrangements.

　　Article 12 Urban planning shall protect and improve urban ecological environment, prevent pollution and other public hazards, strengthen urban greening construction and city appearance and environmental sanitation construction, and protect historical and cultural heritage, urban traditional features, local characteristics and natural landscape.

　　When planning ethnic townships and areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities, attention should be paid to maintaining ethnic characteristics.

　　Article 13 The principles of facilitating production, facilitating life, promoting circulation, prospering economy and promoting the development of social, scientific, technological, cultural and educational undertakings shall be implemented in the preparation of urban planning.

　　The preparation of urban planning shall meet the requirements of urban fire prevention, explosion imitation, earthquake resistance, flood control, debris flow prevention, public security, traffic management and civil air defense construction; In key areas of earthquake resistance and flood control, corresponding prevention measures must be taken in the planning.

　　Article 14 The preparation of a city plan is divided into two stages: overall planning and detailed planning. Prepare zoning plans in urban areas, suburban areas and other specific areas according to actual needs; In the outer suburbs, county establishment areas, county planning and township planning; In rural areas near the suburbs, the township planning should be made.

　　Detailed planning includes regulatory detailed planning and constructive detailed planning.

　　Article 15 The overall urban planning shall include: The nature, development goal and scale of the city, the main construction standards and quota indicators of the city, the overall deployment of urban construction land layout, functional zoning and various constructions, the professional planning of urban comprehensive transportation system, energy, water source, communication, water supply and drainage, flood control, rivers and lakes, green space system, etc., and the recent construction planning.

　　Article 16 The detailed urban planning shall, on the basis of the overall urban planning or zoning planning, make specific plans for various constructions in the urban construction area in the near future.

　　Seventeenth city planning should organize relevant departments to participate in, listen to want to see widely.

　　All departments and units shall, in accordance with the needs of planning, provide the preliminary plan and relevant information on professional planning in a timely manner.

　　Eighteenth Municipal People’s government is responsible for organizing the preparation of the overall urban planning of this Municipality. The people’s governments of outer suburbs and counties are responsible for organizing the preparation of district and county planning, overall urban planning and rural planning of their own districts and counties. The suburban district people’s government is responsible for organizing the preparation of the township planning of this district.

　　The Municipal Planning Institute shall provide business guidance and comprehensive coordination for the professional planning in the overall planning scheme of this Municipality and the planning organized by the district and county people’s governments.

　　Nineteenth city planning in accordance with the following provisions:

　　(a) the overall urban planning of this Municipality shall be submitted to the State Council by the Municipal People’s Government for examination and approval by the Municipal People’s Congress or its Standing Committee.

　　(two) zoning planning, professional planning and regulatory detailed planning by the Municipal People’s government for approval.

　　(3) The district and county planning of outer suburbs and counties and the overall planning of towns where the people’s governments of outer suburbs and counties are located shall be submitted to the Municipal People’s Government for examination and approval after being examined and approved by the district and county people’s congresses or their standing committees.

　　(four) the overall planning of other towns in the outer suburbs and counties and the township planning in the outer suburbs shall be examined and approved by the Municipal People’s government.

　　(five) the rural planning of the outer suburbs and counties shall be submitted to the Municipal Planning Bureau for examination and approval after being examined and agreed by the district and county people’s governments, and the important one shall be submitted to the Municipal People’s Government for examination and approval by the Municipal Planning Bureau.

　　(six) the examination and approval procedures for the detailed planning of construction shall be formulated by the Municipal People’s government.

　　Twentieth municipal people’s government according to the needs of urban economic and social development, can make local adjustments to the overall urban planning, reported to the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress and the State Council for the record; Involving major changes in the nature, scale, development direction and overall layout of the city, it shall be reported to the State Council for examination and approval after examination and approval by the Municipal People’s Congress or its Standing Committee.

　　Twenty-first after the approval of the overall urban planning of this Municipality, the Municipal People’s Government shall take appropriate measures to publish it.

　　After the urban planning is approved according to law, the submitting department shall enter the competent department of urban planning administration for the record.

Chapter III Development of New Urban Areas and Reconstruction of Old Urban Areas

　　Article 22 The development of new urban areas and the reconstruction of old urban areas must adhere to the principles of unified planning, rational layout, local conditions, comprehensive development and supporting construction.

　　The site selection and location of various construction projects shall not hinder the development of the city, endanger the safety of the city, pollute and destroy the urban environment, and affect the coordination of various functions of the city.

　　Twenty-third new district development and old district reconstruction, we should strengthen the construction of infrastructure and public facilities, and gradually improve the modernization level of infrastructure and urban environmental quality; Adhere to the construction procedure of underground first and then above ground; Adhere to the principle of simultaneous construction of the main project and supporting facilities as well as greening and environmental protection facilities.

　　Article 24 The reconstruction of old urban areas shall follow the principles of strengthening maintenance, rational utilization, adjusting layout and gradually improving, correctly handle the relationship between protection and reconstruction, and carry out the reconstruction of the areas with poor living conditions, concentrated dilapidated buildings, backward infrastructure and traffic jams by stages and batches in a planned way. Strictly control the construction of buildings, and gradually transform or move out of industrial enterprises with serious pollution.

　　In the reconstruction of the old city area, we should persist in inheriting, protecting and carrying forward the traditional features, urban pattern, architectural style and garden art of historical and cultural cities. Delineate the protection scope, construction control zone and historical and cultural protection zone of cultural relics protection units, formulate the planning requirements for the height, volume, style and color of new buildings, and implement overall protection for traditional houses and blocks that reflect the folk customs of ancient capitals.

　　Twenty-fifth village construction must follow the principles of unified planning, land conservation, local conditions, proper concentration, rational layout and supporting construction.

　　The development of township enterprises should try to occupy less cultivated land, concentrate relatively and control decentralized construction.

Chapter IV Implementation of Urban Planning

　　Twenty-sixth city planning administrative departments to implement unified planning and management of all construction land and construction projects. Land use and various constructions must conform to urban planning and be subject to planning management.

　　The various constructions mentioned in these Regulations refer to new construction, expansion, reconstruction and renovation of various housing buildings, municipal pipelines, overhead poles, railways, underground railways, roads, bridges, civil air defense, flood control, parks, urban green spaces, street trees, rivers and lakes, water sources, fences and parking lots. Construction projects and all structures such as stockyards, as well as urban sculptures and advertising facilities.

　　The renovation and external decoration of existing buildings in important streets, traditional cultural blocks and specific areas specified by the Municipal People’s Government shall be regarded as construction projects.

　　Twenty-sixth planning departments of the people’s governments at all levels shall solicit the opinions of the competent department of city planning administration when examining and approving the proposals for new construction, expansion and reconstruction projects; When the design task book is submitted for approval, it must be accompanied by the site selection opinion of the competent department of city planning administration.

　　Article 28 If it is necessary to apply for land for construction, it is necessary to apply to the municipal, district or county planning bureau for site selection and location with the relevant documents approved by the competent department. The municipal, district or county planning bureau will verify the nature, location and boundaries of its use, provide planning and design conditions, and issue a planning permit for construction land.

　　The site selection of construction land is fixed, the planning permit for construction land is issued, and the city, district and county planning bureaus are responsible for the classification. Specific measures for the division of authority shall be examined and approved by the Municipal Planning Bureau and the Municipal People’s Government.

　　Twenty-ninth the nature, location and boundaries of the land used in the planning permit for construction land shall not be changed without the approval of the original examination and approval department.

　　Thirtieth any unit or individual must obey the decision of the people’s government of the city, district or county to adjust the construction land according to the urban planning.

　　If the land use right of construction land is recovered according to law or the construction land has not been used for more than two years, the competent department of city planning administration shall revoke its construction land planning permit.

　　Thirty-first urban construction projects for roads, railways, rivers, green belts and other public land arrangements, the construction unit shall collect public land in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations of this Municipality.

　　Article 32 To build, expand, change or rebuild buildings, structures, roads, pipelines and other engineering facilities, an application must be submitted to the Municipal, District and County Planning Bureau with relevant approval documents, and the Municipal, District and County Planning Bureau will issue a construction project planning permit according to the planning and design requirements put forward by the urban planning.

　　The authority to issue construction project planning permits shall implement the hierarchical responsibility system of the city, district and county planning bureaus. Specific measures for the division of authority shall be examined and approved by the Municipal Planning Bureau and the Municipal People’s Government.

　　Article 33 No unit or individual may occupy roads, squares, green spaces, high-voltage transmission line corridors and underground pipelines for construction.

　　Article 34 Activities to change topography, such as mining, quarrying, sand digging, digging pits and filling ponds, must be approved by the relevant competent departments, conform to urban planning, obey planning management, and must not damage the urban environment or affect the implementation of urban planning.

　　Thirty-fifth cultural relics protection areas, scenic spots, nature reserves, water source protection areas, industrial and mining areas, roads, railways, river isolation zones and other specific areas, strictly control the construction. The specific scope and planning management measures for specific areas shall be formulated by the lower people’s government.

　　Thirty-sixth any unit or individual that needs temporary land for urban construction shall apply to the municipal, district or county planning bureau for designation and issue a permit for temporary land use planning; To build a temporary construction project, a temporary construction project planning permit issued by the municipal or district/county planning bureau must be held.

　　On temporary land. Permanent and semi-permanent construction projects shall not be built; Temporary construction projects shall not be converted into permanent construction projects; Temporary land use and temporary construction projects shall not change the nature of use; If it is necessary to extend the use period of temporary land and temporary construction projects due to special circumstances, an application for extension shall be submitted to the original approval authority two months before the expiration, and the use can be postponed only after approval.

　　When the use of temporary land and temporary construction projects expires or urban construction needs, the user must unconditionally dismantle the construction projects and all facilities, restore the landform and return the land.

　　Specific measures for the administration of temporary land use and temporary construction projects shall be formulated by the Municipal People’s Government.

　　Thirty-sixth design units must, in accordance with the planning and design conditions provided by the competent department of city planning administration, formulate the design scheme of construction projects or carry out engineering design.

　　The construction unit must obtain the construction project planning permit before construction.

　　Article 38 The competent department of city planning administration shall issue the construction project planning permit and collect the license fee in accordance with the provisions of the Municipal People’s Government.

　　Thirty-ninth city or district, county planning bureau of construction land to be nailed conditions, by the municipal surveying and mapping departments unified nail pile and calculate the coordinates. If the construction project needs to be set out and inspected, the construction can only be started after the inspection is qualified. After the completion of the construction project, the construction unit shall promptly report to the competent department of city planning administration for planning acceptance.

　　After the completion of the construction project, the construction unit shall submit the completed drawings and materials to the urban construction archives in accordance with the regulations.

　　Fortieth city planning administrative departments have the right to check whether the construction project meets the planning requirements. The inspected shall truthfully provide the information and necessary materials, and the inspector shall have the responsibility to keep the technical secrets and business secrets for the inspected.

　　Article 41 The assignment and transfer of the right to use state-owned land in cities and towns must conform to urban planning.

Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Forty-second without obtaining the planning permit for construction land and obtaining the approval document for construction land, the approval document is invalid, and the occupied land shall be ordered to be returned by the municipal or district/county people’s government.

　　Article 43 If construction is carried out without obtaining the planning permit for construction land and the planning permit for construction projects or in violation of the above-mentioned permits, which seriously affects urban planning, the municipal or district/county planning administrative department shall order it to stop construction, dismantle or confiscate illegal buildings, structures or other facilities within a time limit, and impose a fine depending on its implementation; If it affects urban planning and corrective measures can be taken, the municipal or district/county planning bureau shall order it to make corrections within a time limit and impose a fine.

　　Article 44 The responsible personnel of a responsible unit that has not obtained a construction project planning permit or carried out construction in violation of the provisions of the construction project planning permit may be given administrative sanctions by the unit to which they belong or by the competent authority at a higher level.

　　Forty-fifth the provisions of this Ordinance administrative punishment, specific measures shall be formulated by the Municipal People’s government.

　　Article 46 If a party refuses to accept the decision on administrative punishment, he may, within 15 days from the date of receiving the notice of punishment, apply for reconsideration to the organ at the next higher level of the organ that made the decision on punishment; Anyone who refuses to accept the reconsideration decision may bring a suit in a people’s court within 15 days from the date of receiving the reconsideration decision. The parties may also directly bring a suit in a people’s court within 15 days from the date of receiving the notice of punishment. If a party fails to apply for reconsideration, bring a suit in a people’s court or perform the punishment decision within the time limit, the organ that made the punishment decision shall apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution.

　　Article 47 The staff of urban planning administrative departments at all levels must be loyal to their duties, strictly implement the Urban Planning Law and these Regulations, and enforce the law impartially. For dereliction of duty, abuse of power, corruption, depending on the circumstances and consequences, given administrative sanctions by their units or the competent authorities at a higher level; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 48 Whoever refuses or hinders the staff of the competent department of city planning administration from performing their duties according to law shall be punished in accordance with the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Administrative Penalties for Public Security; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

　　Forty-ninth problems in the specific application of these Regulations shall be interpreted by the Municipal Planning Bureau.

　　Acts that violate the administration of urban planning before the implementation of these Regulations shall be dealt with according to the Urban Planning Law and the Interim Measures of Beijing Municipality for the Administration of Urban Construction Planning; Acts that violate the administration of urban planning after the implementation of these Regulations shall be dealt with according to the Urban Planning Law and these Regulations.

　　The fiftieth of this Ordinance since October 1, 1992. On January 17, 1984, the Standing Committee of the Eighth Municipal People’s Congress approved the Interim Measures for the Administration of Urban Construction Planning in Beijing, which shall be abolished at the same time.

　　According to the WeChat WeChat official account news of the Ministry of Transport, there were moderate to heavy rains in parts of northern Hebei, southwestern Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, western Sichuan and western Yunnan from 20: 00 on June 7 to 20: 00 on June 8, among which there were heavy rains or heavy rains in parts of southern Fujian, southern Yunnan, southeastern Guangdong and southwestern coastal areas. There are thunderstorms in Beijing, Tianjin, northern Hebei, northern Liaoning, north-central Shandong, southwestern Jiangxi, central Hainan, southern Ningxia, northeastern Qinghai and southeastern Tibet. In addition, there are fogs in southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, central Jiangxi, southeastern Hubei, northeastern Hunan, central and northeastern Sichuan Basin.

　　Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway (G4) Fogang, Guangdong — Guangzhou — Shenzhen section

　　Guangzhou-Australia Expressway (G4W) Guangzhou — Zhongshan, Guangdong — Zhuhai — Macau section

　　Shenhai Expressway (G15) in Lianjiang, Fujian, Fuzhou — Xiamen, Fujian — Shanwei, Guangdong — Guangzhou section, Foshan, Guangdong — Yangjiang — Maoming — Zhanjiang section

　　Chang-Shen Expressway (G25) the boundary between Fujian and Guangdong — Meizhou, Guangdong — Heyuan — Huizhou — Longgang section

　　Daguang Expressway (G45) in Longnan, Jiangxi, Conghua, Guangdong — Guangzhou section

　　Longhe Expressway (G4511) Longnan, Jiangxi — Heyuan section of Guangdong Province

　　Erguang Expressway (G55) Sanshui, Guangdong — Guangzhou section

　　Baomao Expressway (G65) in Cenxi, Guangxi

　　Fuyin Expressway (G70) Fuzhou — Nanping, Fujian — Jiangleduan

　　Lanhai Expressway (G75) Qinzhou, Guangxi — North Sea — The boundary section of Guangxi and Guangdong Province and the section in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province.

　　Qindong Expressway (G7511) Qinzhou, Guangxi — Fangchenggang section

　　Shantou-Kunming Expressway (G78) Jieyang, Guangdong — Meizhou section

　　Guangzhou-Kunming Expressway (G80) in Guangzhou and Sanshui in Guangdong — Zhaoqing — Yunfu section, Anping, Guangxi — Cenxi section

　　Kunmo Expressway (G8511) in Pu ‘er, Yunnan, Simao, Yunnan — Xiaomengyangduan

　　Pearl River Delta Ring Road (G94) in Zhuhai, Guangdong, Jiangmen, Guangdong, Dongguan, Guangdong — Shenzhen whole line

　　Hainan Ring Road (G98) in Haikou, Sanya in Hainan, Sanya in Hainan — Dongfang section and Haikou section

　　Guanghui Expressway Guangzhou — Huizhou section of Guangdong province

　　Doumen, Guangdong, the western coastal expressway — Haiyan — Yangjiang section

　　Haiwen Expressway in Haikou and Hainan Wenchang.

　　Section of National Highway 104 in Fuzhou

　　Longnan, Jiangxi, National Highway 105 — Guangzhou section, Shunde, Guangdong — Zhuhai section

　　Guangdong Miaodun on National Highway 106 — Fogang — Guangzhou section

　　National Highway 107 Qingyuan Guangdong — Guangzhou section, Guangdong Dongguan road section

　　National Highway 111 in Guojiatun, Hebei Province

　　National Highway 205 Nanping Fujian — Meizhou, Guangdong — Heyuan — Guangzhou section

　　Searching for Wu in Jiangxi on National Highway 206 — Meizhou, Guangdong — Jieyang — Shantou section

　　207 national highway Guangxi Cenxi — Guangdong Xinyi — Huazhou — Suixi section, Xuwen, Guangdong — Haian section

　　National Highway 209 in Zhanghuang, Guangxi — Hepu — Beihai section

　　213 National Highway Yunnan Pu ‘er — Simao section

　　National Highway 223 in Haikou and Sanya, Hainan.

　　National Highway 224 in Haikou and Sanya, Hainan.

　　National Highway 225 Hainan East — Meishan — Sanya section

　　Fuzhou, National Highway 316 — Nanping section of Fujian

　　National Highway 319, Xiamen, Fujian — Zhangzhou — Longyan — Changting section

　　National Highway 321 Guangzhou — Zhaoqing, Guangdong — Deqing section and Guangxi Taiping section

　　Section of National Highway 323 in Pu ‘er, Yunnan

　　Fuzhou, National Highway 324 — Quanzhou, Fujian — Zhangzhou — Shantou, Guangdong — Lufeng section, Guangdong Huidong domestic section, Guangdong Boluo — Zengcheng Section and Guangzhou — Yunfu section in Guangdong and Cenxi in Guangxi — Yulin — Xingyeduan

　　Heshan, Guangdong, National Highway 325 — Yangjiang — Zhanjiang — Qinzhou section of Guangxi

　　The main sections affected by thunderstorms are:

　　Jingha Expressway (G1) Xianghe, Hebei — Tianjin Baodi Section and Hebei Lulong — Funing — Qinhuangdao section, Liaoning Liaozhong — Shenyang — Tieling section, Liaoning Changtu domestic section

　　Beijing-Shanghai Expressway (G2) Langfang, Hebei — Tianjin — Cangzhou section

　　Beijing-Taiwan Expressway (G3) Langfang, Hebei — Tianjin — Cangzhou section

　　Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway (G4) Beijing — Hebei Gaobeidian section

　　Beijing-Kunming Expressway (G5) Beijing — Hebei Gaobeidian section

　　Beijing-Tibet Expressway (G6) Beijing — Zhangjiakou, Hebei — Huai ‘an Section, Qinghai Minhe — Ledu — Xining section

　　Jingxin Expressway (G7) Beijing — Zhangjiakou, Hebei — Huaian section

　　Danfu Expressway (G1113) in Shenyang

　　Shenji Expressway (G1212) Shenyang — Fushun section of Liaoning province

　　Shenyang section of Shenhai Expressway (G15)

　　Rongwu Expressway (G18) Shandong Kenli — Hebei Huanghua — Tianjin — Xu Shui section

　　Huangshi Expressway (G1811) Huanghua, Hebei — Cangzhou section

　　Qingyin Expressway (G20) Zibo — Zouping section

　　Qinglan Expressway (G22) Zhucheng, Shandong — Yiyuan — Laiwu section

　　Changshen Expressway (G25) Zunhua, Hebei — Tianjin — Qingzhou section of Shandong province

　　Xinlu Expressway (G2511) Liaoning Xinmin Domestic Section

　　Daguang Expressway (G45) Chengde, Hebei — Luanping section and Miyun in Beijing — Beijing — The border section of Beijing-Hebei Province and Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province — Nankang section

　　Fuyin Expressway (G70) Ninggan Provincial Boundary — Guyuan section of Ningxia

　　Hainan Ring Road (G98) Hainan Ding ‘an — Qionghai — Wanning Section and Changjiang River in Hainan — Baimajing — Lin’ gao section

　　Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway Langfang, Hebei Province — Tianjin — Tanggu whole line

　　Tianjin-Jilin Expressway Tianjin — Baodi — Jixian section

　　Xuanda Expressway Hebei Xuanhua — Yangyuan section

　　Tanggang Expressway Tangshan, Hebei Province — Luannan section

　　Baojiang Expressway Hejian, Hebei Province — Cangzhou section

　　Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, a coastal expressway — Funing section

　　Binbo Expressway Binzhou Shandong — Zibo section

　　National Highway 101 Beijing — Chengde, Hebei — Pingquan Section and Taojiatun, Liaoning — Shenyang section

　　National Highway 102 in Sanhe, Hebei Province, Shenyang — Tieling, Liaoning — Changtu section

　　National Highway 103 Beijing — Tianjin — Tanggu whole line

　　National Highway 104 Beijing — Tianjin — Cangzhou section of Hebei province

　　National Highway 105 Beijing — Tianjin — Cangzhou section of Hebei province and Ganzhou section of Jiangxi province — Jinjiduan

　　National Highway 106 Beijing — Hejian section of Hebei province

　　National Highway 107 Beijing — Zhuozhou, Hebei — Gaobeidian section

　　National Highway 108 Beijing — Boundary section of Beijing-Hebei province

　　No.109 National Road, Hebei Huashaoying — Yangyuan Section, Qinghai Minhe — Xining — Huangyuan — Daotanghe section

　　Section of National Highway 110 in Beijing and Huailai, Hebei — Zhangjiakou — Huaian section

　　National Highway 111 Beijing — Fengning section of Hebei province and the domestic section of Hebei paddock.

　　National Highway 112 in Xuanhua, Hebei, and Fengning, Hebei — Tangshan section, Tianjin — Bazhou, Hebei — Gaobeidian section, Caogoubao section in Hebei Province, and Huashaoying in Hebei Province — Deep well — Xuanhua section

　　Tonghua, Jilin, National Highway 201 — Huanren section of Liaoning province

　　National Highway 202, Qingyuan, Jilin — Fushun, Liaoning — Shenyang section

　　National Highway 203, Kangping, Liaoning — Faku — Shenyang section

　　Section of National Highway 205 in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province and Tangshan, Hebei Province — Tianjin Ninghe River, Tianjin — Wudi section in Shandong and Gaocheng in Shandong — Zhoucun — Laiwu — Mengyin section

　　206 National Highway in Zhucheng, Shandong, Guangchang, Jiangxi — Shicheng — Ruijin section

　　Taibus Banner in Inner Mongolia, 207 national highway — The boundary section of Mongolia and Hebei Province and the section in Wanquan, Hebei Province.

　　Xining, National Highway 214 — Qinghai Gonghe Section and Tibet Uqi — Qamdo section, Tibet Zuogong — Mangkang section

　　Sanmenpo, Hainan, National Highway 223 — Qionghai — Wanning section

　　Hainan Qiongzhong National Highway 224 — Wuzhishan section

　　Danzhou, Hainan, National Highway 225 — Changjiang section

　　Xining, National Highway 227 — Datong section of Qinghai

　　National Highway 304 Shenyang — Xinmin section of Liaoning province

　　Hebei New Village, National Highway 307 — Huanghua — Cangzhou section

　　Section of National Highway 308 in Zibo, Shandong Province

　　National Highway 309, Qingzhou, Shandong — Zibo Section and Guyuan, Ningxia — Xiji — Ninggan provincial boundary section

　　Pingliang, Gansu, National Highway 312 — Longde section of Ningxia

　　Xining, National Highway 315 — Huangyuan section of Qinghai

　　National Highway 317 Changdu, Tibet — Uzzi-like member

　　Batang, Sichuan, National Highway 318 — Mangkang, Tibet — Zuogong section and sections in Lhasa

　　National Highway 319 Jiangxi Ruijin — Ningdu — Yinkeng section

　　National Highway 323 Jiangxi Ruijin — Ganzhou — Dayu section

　　The main sections affected by fog are:

　　Beijing-Shanghai Expressway (G2) in Shanghai

　　Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway (G4) Yueyang, Hunan — Kaihui section

　　Shenhai Expressway (G15) in Shanghai, Jiaxing in Zhejiang and Yandang in Zhejiang — Yueqing section

　　Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway (G42) Shanghai — Kunshan section in Jiangsu, Liangping section in Chongqing, Nanchong in Sichuan — Suining — Dayingduan

　　Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway (G50) in Shanghai and Huangshi in Hubei.

　　Shanghai-Kunming Expressway (G60) Shanghai — Jiaxing section of Zhejiang and Nanchang — Xinyu section of Jiangxi province

　　Baomao Expressway (G65) in Dazhou, Sichuan Province

　　Fuyin Expressway (G70) in Nanchang, Jiangxi and Huangshi, Hubei.

　　Xiamen-Chengdu Expressway (G76) Luzhou, Sichuan — Neijiang — Zizhong section

　　Chongqing-Kunming Expressway (G85) Longchang, Sichuan — Neijiang — Zigong section

　　Hangzhou Bay Link (G92) Shanghai — Jiaxing section of Zhejiang province

　　Chengdu-Chongqing Ring Road (G93) Suining, Sichuan — Chongqing Tongnan — Tongliang section

　　Yanjiang Expressway in Taicang, Jiangsu Province

　　Su-Kun-Tai Expressway Kunshan, Jiangsu — Taicang section

　　Shanghai-Zhejiang Provincial Boundary of Shenjiahu Expressway — Jiaxing section of Zhejiang province

　　National Highway 104 in Yueqing, Zhejiang Province

　　National Highway 105 Nanchang — Fengcheng, Jiangxi — Zhangshu section

　　National Highway 107, Linxiang, Hunan — Cloud creek — Xinshi section

　　National Highway 204 Taicang Jiangsu — Jiading, Shanghai — Shanghai section

　　Section of National Highway 210 in Dazhou, Sichuan

　　National Highway 212 Nanchong, Sichuan — Sichuan-Chongqing provincial boundary section

　　National Highway 312 Shanghai — Kunshan section of Jiangsu province

　　Section of National Highway 316 in Nanchang and Daye, Hubei — Ezhou section

　　National Highway 318 Shanghai — Qingpu section in Shanghai, Liangping section in Chongqing, Nanchong in Sichuan — Suining — Lezhiduan

　　National Highway 319 in Lezhi, Sichuan Province

　　Section of National Highway 320 in Shanghai, Jiaxing, Zhejiang — Tongxiang section and Nanchang section

　　Naxi, Sichuan, National Highway 321 — Neijiang — Sichuan zizhong section

Bio-manufacturing is an advanced mode of production with industrial biotechnology as the core, which has the characteristics of renewable raw materials, clean and efficient process, and is helpful to promote the green and low-carbon development of the economy. This year’s government work report is being deployed.In 2024, the government pointed out that it should accelerate the development of new quality productivity and actively create new growth engines such as bio-manufacturing. This is the first time that "bio-manufacturing" has been written into the government work report.

In recent years, ""The Tenth Five-Year Plan for Bio-economic Development" and other related policies have been promulgated one after another, providing policy support for the development of China’s bio-manufacturing industry. The scale of China’s bio-manufacturing industry continues to grow, and many advanced technological achievements have emerged. Experts said that in the future, bio-manufacturing, as an emerging industry to accelerate the construction of a green and low-carbon circular economy system, has great development potential.

Reducing carbon emissions from the source of raw materials

Bio-manufacturing is the green driving force for the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industry.

Industrial tail gas turns into fish feed, waste oil becomes airplane fuel, and straw is made into film.….. These things that sound like magic are actually happening now, and the magician who makes it possible is biological manufacturing technology.

What is bio-manufacturing? Zheng Yuguo, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, gave such an explanation-This is an advanced material transformation industrial model that uses biological tissues or organisms to process materials to produce various products needed by human beings. Different from the traditional industrial manufacturing with fossil resources as raw materials, the production materials used in biological manufacturing are basically sustainable and renewable raw materials, and the products produced are also degradable and recyclable, making the whole production process more green and low-carbon. The "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for Bio-economic Development clearly puts forward that "relying on bio-manufacturing technology, we will realize the bio-technology substitution of chemical raw materials and processes, develop high-performance bio-environmental protection materials and biological agents, promote the deep integration of manufacturing and biotechnology of important industrial products such as chemicals, medicines, materials and light industry, and transform into a green, low-carbon, non-toxic and low-toxic and sustainable development model." It can be said that vigorously developing the bio-manufacturing industry has become an important direction for China to accelerate the construction of a green and low-carbon circular economy system.

In recent years, many enterprises in China have used biotechnology and bio-based materials to get rid of the dependence on fossil raw materials and the processing mode of high pollution and high emission, and embarked on a green and low-carbon development path. In the workshop of Sichuan Jinshang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jinshang Environmental Protection), barrels of black and turbid kitchen waste oil were treated by washing, impurity removal, hydrodeoxygenation, isomerization and other processes, and became a clear and translucent new fuel.-Bio-jet fuel. Last April, this biofuel was used on a plane of Sichuan Airlines.

According to the relevant person in charge of Jinshang Environmental Protection, at present, internationally, waste oil from dining kitchens is also commonly known as it.It is a mature process to extract biofuel from waste oil. Although compared with petroleum-based fuel, the current production cost of bio-based fuel has not come down, but its application prospect is very broad. On the one hand, the tail gas produced by fuel has always been a major source of carbon emissions in the aviation industry. Statistics show that more than 80% of the carbon emissions of airlines come from jet fuel combustion. In today’s increasingly urgent carbon reduction and emission reduction, bio-jet fuel shows absolute advantages. Compared with petroleum-based aviation kerosene, the carbon dioxide emission of bio-jet fuel can be reduced by more than 50% in the whole life cycle. On the other hand, in today’s increasingly tight oil resources, bio-jet fuel not only reduces oil consumption, but also greatly reduces the backflow of waste oil to the table.

Through biotechnology, not only waste cooking oil can be turned into treasure, but also agricultural waste straw has regained its value. In Anhui Fengyuan Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Anhui Fengyuan), the straw from the field is treated by biological fermentation and other processes to become a translucent particle.-polylactic acid. Packaging bags, films or disposable straws made of this material can replace petroleum-based plastic products to some extent. Compared with the degradation time of traditional plastics for hundreds of years, the degradation time of polylactic acid only takes 3 to 5 years, which has less burden on the environment.

In Beijing Shougang Langze Technology Co., Ltd., R&D personnel convert industrial tail gas into bioethanol and fish feed protein through gas fermentation technology independently developed, and the whole production process will not produce any secondary pollutants. According to experts’ estimation, at present, China’s steel metallurgy and other industries produce more than one trillion cubic meters of industrial tail gas every year, even if only one of them is used.50%, it can also produce 5 million tons of feed protein per year, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 120 million tons.

Tan Tianwei, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said that the chemical industry for hundreds of years basically used oil and coal as raw materials, and these raw materials were basically non-renewable. Bio-manufacturing has the characteristics of renewable raw materials and clean and efficient process, which can fundamentally change the traditional manufacturing industry’s high dependence on fossil raw materials and"High pollution, high emission" processing mode. Bio-manufacturing reduces carbon emissions from the source of raw materials, which is a green driving force for the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industry and an important breakthrough for green development.

Environment-friendly and high safety.

Biological products provide assistance for the sustainable development of agriculture

In the middle and late March, winter wheat in Baifusi Village, Xichong County, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province has entered the heading stage. Over the green wheat field, several drones are spraying biological pesticides for wheat seedlings. Wheat field contractor-Lao Wu, site management manager of Xichong County Liangwang Ecological Development Co., Ltd. told the reporter that this year, his company contracted more than 2,000 mu of wheat fields, all of which used biological pesticides. A few days ago, aphids grew in the wheat field, so they used matrine to kill insects. Compared with the chemical pesticides used in the past, these biological pesticides have no pungent smell, little toxicity, safer for people and animals and less impact on the environment.

Agriculture is a common application field of bio-manufacturing. 《The "14th Five-Year Plan" for Bio-economic Development clearly puts forward that we should focus on bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticide, and launch a batch of new generation agricultural bio-products. In recent years, biological pesticides, biological fertilizers and biological breeding have been developed and applied in China, providing assistance for the green and sustainable development of agriculture in China.

Hubei province biological pesticide engineering research center is a research and development institution of microbial pesticides, fromSince 1960s, systematic collection, preservation, evaluation and utilization of microbial pesticide resources have been carried out. There are more than 200,000 microbial strains stored in the microbial pesticide resource library of the center, which are important resources for developing new microbial pesticides. These strains will go into dormancy in ultra-low temperature environment and can be taken out and activated when necessary.

According to Wang Kaimei, deputy director of Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, these strains were collected by him and his colleagues all over the country in recent years."baby" Although the work is hard, once I find a strain that I have never seen before, I feel very fulfilled. According to different kinds of strains, the storage methods are different. There are 10 ultra-low temperature freezers at -80℃ and 8 freezers at -20℃ in the storage area of microbial pesticide resource bank, in which various test tubes are placed and strains are stored. At present, the strain resources preserved in the resource database cover domestic microbial pesticides, microbial fertilizers, microbial feed additives, microbial environmental monitoring and treatment and other agricultural application fields.

Developing microbial active strains into pesticides is a process involving many steps. Wang Kaimei said that in the early stage, steps such as identification of strains, determination of active ingredients, fermentation optimization and preparation research and development, field test and effect evaluation should be carried out. Then, after meeting the requirements of relevant regulations and standards, apply for pesticide registration to relevant institutions.

After years of research, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center has found many effective strains against common pests. For example, the researchers found that one kind of Bacillus had high virulence to tetranychus urticae, which was common on citrus leaves in southern China. The experiments in citrus orchards in many places in China confirmed that this strain had the same control effect as chemical acaricide. From this strain, the researchers also found the first case in the world.Two kinds of protein acaricidal active substances have high commercial product development value.

China has a vast territory and complex natural conditions, so the microbial flora is also rich and diverse. These provide natural advantages for the research and development of biological pesticides and biological fertilizers in China. At the 13th Biopesticide Development and Application Exchange Conference, the participating experts released such a set of data: the annual output of bio-pesticides in China is more than 100,000 tons, with an output value of about.3 billion yuan, accounting for nearly 10% of the total output and output value of pesticides, with great potential.

Wang Kaimei said that the application of bio-manufacturing technology in agriculture has become more and more extensive, which is of great significance for promoting high-quality and green development of agriculture. Specific to the field of biological pesticides, green biological pesticides are the basic means of production to ensure the green and high-quality development of agriculture. Develop environmentally friendly"Green pesticide" has become an important direction of agricultural sustainable development.

Independent research and development achievements are constantly emerging.

China’s biomedical industry has entered an innovative development."fast lane"

Chengdu High-tech Zone, Sichuan Province-An innovative region dominated by emerging industries such as biomedicine. There are more than 00 biomedical enterprises here, and there are more than 160 biomedical functional platforms covering the whole life cycle. The scale of biomedical industry in the whole region has maintained a growth rate of more than 20% for six consecutive years, ranking first in the comprehensive competitiveness ranking of biomedical parks in national high-tech zones.

Located in Chengdu High-tech Zone, Chengdu Micro-core Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Chengdu Micro-core) is a biomedical enterprise integrating early research and product development of new drugs. In recent years, many original new drugs, such as chidamide, have been born in the R&D center of Chengdu Microchip. Among them, the original new drug sitagliptin sodium has been approved by National Medical Products Administration and listed in the national medical insurance drug list, and another original new drug for the treatment of small cell lung cancer, Sioloni, will also apply for listing this year.

Biomedical industry is an important part of bio-manufacturing and one of the key areas of bio-manufacturing application. Relevant data show that in recent years, China’s biomedical industry has entered an innovative development."Fast lane", on the one hand, the number of innovative drugs has increased substantially. At present, about 35% of the drugs in clinical research in the world are originally researched or developed by Chinese enterprises, ranking second in the world after the United States. On the other hand, the quality of biomedical research and development is in line with the international advanced level, and gradually moves from imitation to independent innovation, from dependence on imports to domestic substitution.

Biomedical industry is a technology-intensive industry, especially mentioned in this year’s government work report."Innovative drugs" require a lot of capital and technical input, but even so, the probability of finding a new drug is very small. In order to improve the research and development efficiency of innovative drugs, in recent years, some enterprises in Chengdu High-tech Zone have found a new way to apply emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence to the research and development of innovative drugs to make up for some shortcomings in traditional experiments.

With the help of artificial intelligence technology, R&D personnel have established a virtual biopharmaceutical library. Through the artificial intelligence algorithm based on biological logic and related application software, through the calculation, analysis and prediction of artificial intelligence technology, the results that took months of offline experiments in the past can be obtained in a short period of time, which greatly shortens the development cycle of macromolecular drugs.

In the field of biomedicine, although high investment in R&D may not be successful, failure to invest is doomed to be eliminated. In Chengdu High-tech Zone, the R&D investment of biomedical enterprises is not low. The cumulative investment in R&D expenses of some enterprises accounts for more than the cumulative operating income.10%。 The emphasis and investment in innovation has also enabled Chengdu High-tech Zone to have more and more independent innovative drugs approved for listing in recent years. According to the data released by the Bio-industry Bureau of Chengdu High-tech Zone, last year alone, the number of authorized invention patents obtained by enterprises in bio-pharmaceutical regulations in the whole region was nearly 360.

Li Qi, deputy director of the Bio-industry Bureau of Chengdu High-tech Zone, said that the rapid development of bio-pharmaceutical industry, as a new industry, has stimulated more talents in the fields of technology, research and development, and production to achieve innovation and technological progress, which has an important role in promoting economic growth and industrial upgrading. according toAccording to the China Biomedical Industry Development Index released at the National Biotechnology Conference in 2023, the key provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China’s biomedical industry are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta, Bohai Rim, Pearl River Delta, the Central Yangtze River Economic Belt and Sichuan and Chongqing, which have formed a strong industrial agglomeration effect. (Author: Wang Yajing)

　　Private economy is a new force to promote Chinese modernization and an important foundation for high-quality development. Small and micro is the key to strengthen the private economy. As a capillary to smooth the national economic cycle, a large number of small and micro enterprises are an important part of the private economy, an important foundation for stabilizing the economy, the main support for stabilizing employment, and a key link to improve the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain supply chain.

　　As the first national joint-stock commercial bank initiated by private enterprises in China, China () has always adhered to the initial mission of serving private enterprises, focused on the strategic positioning of "banks for private enterprises", and has taken the lead in exploring microfinance in China since 2008. In the past 15 years, we have continued to iteratively upgrade the small and micro business model, increased the credit and online support for small and micro enterprise legal persons, and cast a gold-lettered signboard for small and micro finance.

　　In the past 15 years, the development of small and micro enterprises has changed, and the services of Minsheng Bank have changed, and a "Friends" has been written.

　　■ Small and micro "old friends"

　　The first loan on the road to entrepreneurship

　　From an ordinary truck driver to the head of a well-known local logistics company, Mr. Chen, like many Quanzhou people, is full of the spirit of love and dare to win. "My career started, which can be said to have started with Minsheng Bank’s first loan." Recalling the course of starting a business that year, Mr. Chen is still very emotional.

　　Truck drivers who have been running for several years have accumulated some experience, found out the doorways of the industry, and have a certain customer base. In 2007, Mr. Chen came up with the idea of forming a transportation team.

　　"At the beginning, there were only three small four-wheeled trucks, which mainly helped the cement factory to distribute some materials to the rural agency." After the operation is on the track, there are more and more orders, and the existing truck traffic volume obviously cannot keep up. Mr. Chen plans to expand his business and buy more trucks for transportation.

　　"I just got married at that time, and I finally got enough down payment to buy a house. I really couldn’t come up with extra funds. It is not easy for a small merchant like us to apply for a loan. Either it does not meet the bank access conditions or it needs to provide collateral or guarantors. Most of them still borrow money from relatives and friends. " Mr. Chen remembered the predicament at that time and shook his head again and again.

　　"When I was at my wit’s end, Xiao Li of Minsheng Bank helped me a lot." When visiting the merchants around the outlets, account manager Li Yiyang came to Mr. Chen’s store and learned about Mr. Chen’s business situation and "troubles". After that, Li Yiyang introduced Minsheng Bank merchant card, running water loan and music cashier to him.

　　"When Xiao Li said that he could apply for a running water loan, I felt that I saw hope at once." After collecting materials, printing running water, on-site investigation and other procedures, a credit loan of 500,000 yuan was paid to Mr. Chen’s account within 2 days. Mr. Chen bought five trucks with loan funds. "It is with this 500,000 fund that my business scale has gradually grown from five trucks to 10, 20, and now 50."

　　With the development of enterprises, Minsheng Bank has also provided Mr. Chen with more comprehensive financial services, such as payroll, cashier’s service, settlement of accounts in Gong Hu, financial management and so on.

　　"Minsheng Bank is a witness to every step of my development." Mr. Chen said.

　　In 2018, the competition in the transportation industry became increasingly fierce, and Mr. Chen’s business development entered a bottleneck period. After constant thinking and discussion, Mr. Chen decided to find another way, expand the business scope and increase the cement sales and trade business.

　　"The office space needs to be expanded, the number of business personnel needs to be increased, and the cost of cement agents is not low … all these costs money." Mr. Chen took the initiative to contact Li Yiyang, the account manager, and asked him about the loan business. "If you have any financial problems, it is right to find Minsheng Bank." The account manager handled a mortgage loan of 2 million yuan for Mr. Chen, and Mr. Chen won a cement agent in Quanzhou, rented a new office space, recruited and recruited, and his business was revitalized.

　　In 2021, Mr. Chen’s transportation and cement trade suffered a big impact, and he faced the problem of loan repayment and renewal. Li Yiyang, the account manager, sent care to Mr. Chen by phone and WeChat at the first time to keep abreast of the difficulties and financial service needs of customers, and told them that they could enjoy a series of policies such as delaying repayment of principal and interest, overdue credit protection, and remote video interview, so as to help customers with repayment difficulties affected by the epidemic reduce the pressure of capital turnover and tide over the difficulties.

　　"In difficult times, Minsheng Bank took the initiative to cut interest rates for me, and reduced payment and settlement fees, and their small and micro red envelopes saved a lot of interest …" Mr. Chen was very appreciative of Minsheng Bank’s policies and services of caring for enterprises.

　　"The icing on the cake is easy, but it’s hard to help in the snow. For so many years, Minsheng Bank is like an old friend around me, reliable and caring. "

　　People’s livelihood is no small matter, and branches and leaves are always related to love. Like Mr. Chen, many small and micro enterprises in Quanzhou got their first loan from Minsheng Bank. The account manager of Minsheng Bank has always been eager to go back and forth in wholesale markets and business districts, visiting merchants one by one, collecting materials, recommending simple and convenient loans, settlement and other products to customers, and solving the financing problem of small and micro enterprises.

　　In the past 15 years, Quanzhou Branch of Minsheng Bank has always adhered to the initial intention of "helping every small and micro dream", regarded every small and micro customer’s business as the cause of Minsheng Bank, and continued to go deep into major business circle markets, business associations, parks and communities, and shared prosperity and common growth with small and micro customers, and gradually started the golden signboard of micro finance in the market.

　　■ New model of micro-service

　　"Intellectual property" becomes "asset"

　　"Spark Loan" Helps Specialization and Innovation

　　"I didn’t expect that intellectual property rights can help us solve big problems. This tailor-made financing service is too timely!" The relevant person in charge of a pharmaceutical company in Hefei said.

　　A few days ago, Minsheng Bank Hefei Branch issued a working capital loan of 7 million yuan to the pharmaceutical company, which was the first innovative product "Spark Loan" officially launched by the bank.

　　According to reports, "Spark Loan" is a financing product system launched by Minsheng Bank for small and micro enterprises in strategic emerging industries and modern service industries, including talent loans, intellectual property loans, credit loans, secured loans and equity pledge loans. The loan issued this time is a "Spark Loan" product with "intellectual property rights" as the pledge.

　　It is understood that the pharmaceutical company is a high-tech enterprise integrating new drug research and development and drug production. It has a number of intellectual property patents and drug production approvals, and has been selected into the national centralized drug procurement memorandum. At present, the enterprise is actively expanding its raw material production base, and it is urgent to expand its working capital for operating turnover in a special period.

　　Through daily visits, Hefei Branch of Minsheng Bank learned about the financing needs of the enterprise and recommended innovative products of intellectual property pledge of "Spark Loan" to the enterprise. In order to help enterprises operate normally, the bank has customized professional financing schemes for enterprises by taking the behavior service position of Luyang Branch in Hefei as an example.

　　In recent years, Anhui has cultivated a number of leading enterprises and advantageous enterprises with characteristics, competitiveness and high growth in the field of "specialization and novelty". The exclusive product of "Spark Guaranteed Loan" innovatively launched by Hefei Branch of Minsheng Bank further enhances the availability and convenience of "specialized and innovative" corporate loans.

　　"During that time, I couldn’t come back from a business trip in Hong Kong, and enterprises needed capital turnover urgently. Fortunately, Minsheng Bank found a way." A few days ago, a person in charge of a data technology company in Anhui came to Xuancheng Branch of Minsheng Bank and sent a sincere thank-you letter to express Minsheng Bank’s strong support and help to the enterprise in production, operation, construction and development.

　　Anhui Data Technology Co., Ltd. is a provincial-level high-tech, specialized and innovative enterprise engaged in satellite remote sensing big data application and high-precision map production. In order to expand the business scope, enterprises urgently need funds to build a satellite resource application center. Through the early service docking, after understanding the financing needs of enterprises, Xuancheng Branch of Minsheng Bank took the initiative to contact enterprises, and immediately set up an agile team to provide on-site services for many times. After clearly knowing the business model and financial arrangement of the enterprise, the bank recommended the innovative product "Spark Guaranteed Loan" of Minsheng Bank to the enterprise, and customized the exclusive financing plan for the enterprise.

　　"Most small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises are faced with less physical assets, leased business premises and complicated ownership structure, which makes it difficult and low in general bank financing. Minsheng Bank has increased financial services and product innovation around the pain points and difficulties of enterprises in financing." The relevant person in charge of Xuancheng Branch of Minsheng Bank analyzed, "Spark Guaranteed Loan is a special product for high-tech enterprises and small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises. It mainly provides comprehensive credit by considering the actual operation, research and development capabilities and upstream and downstream cooperation of enterprises, and does not need to mortgage assets. It has the characteristics of large amount, low interest rate and flexible guarantee method."

　　In order to serve the enterprise better and faster, Xuancheng Branch of Minsheng Bank actively cooperated with the enterprise, and with the strong support of Anhui Science and Technology Financing Guarantee Company and Xuancheng Economic Development Zone Financial Office, carefully sorted out the logical relationship between the guarantee policy and enterprise operation, provided the required materials in time, and successfully obtained the authorization of the guarantee company and the recommendation letter from the Economic Development Zone Financial Office. The bank’s reviewers cooperated with the managers to scientifically grasp the pace of business handling, and promoted the pre-loan investigation, material collection and investigation report simultaneously and efficiently. In the final withdrawal stage, faced with the complicated situation that the enterprise entity is in Xuancheng, the actual controller is in Hong Kong, the notary office and the guarantee company are in Hefei, Xuancheng Branch of Minsheng Bank rushed to government departments, guarantee companies and enterprises for discussion and communication several times, and finally finalized the comprehensive implementation plan, which effectively solved the problems of face-to-face contract signing and signing the guarantee company, and enabled enterprises to get 5 million yuan of working capital as scheduled.

　　5 million yuan "timely rain" is like "reassuring" and "cardiotonic", watering the flowers of scientific and technological innovation and enterprise development. It is reported that this innovative financing has overcome various difficulties and finally landed successfully after receiving successful loans from banks and enterprises.

　　Science and technology are the foundation of national prosperity, and innovation is the soul of national progress. As a pioneer, pioneer and devotee in the field of financial services for small and micro enterprises, Minsheng Bank will persist in innovation and exploration in the process of reform and transformation, and will continue to turn its innovation achievements into assistance to the real economy, and will continue to pay attention to key areas and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises with science and technology.

　　■ Talking about the experience of small and micro services

　　Li Si:

　　Service is only "fast" and not broken.

　　"The problem that can be solved in one trip will never let the customer run twice, and the thing that can be solved in one day will never let the customer wait for two days. I will save the time cost of the enterprise as much as possible." Li Sizhen, manager of small and micro customers of Chongqing Branch of Minsheng Bank, said that besides diligence and professionalism, efficient and high-quality service is the "secret" for her to win the trust of small and micro enterprises.

　　Sister Hu, who runs the wholesale business of frozen products, expects that the price of frozen products will reach a low point in the near future, so she wants to prepare more goods, but her liquidity is not sufficient. She wants to borrow money and is worried that the process is cumbersome, which leads to missing the best order time, so she has been very entangled. After learning about the situation, Li Sijing gave Hu Jie an idea: "You only need to judge the profit margin of this stocking. Wouldn’t it be a pity if you see that the market is right and don’t follow the trend? Our Minsheng Bank is to provide you with financial convenience and hope to do better and better with you! "

　　With the help of Li Sijing, Hu Jie made a rational analysis and finally decided to apply for Minsheng Bank Credit Easy Loan, which won timely liquidity support. Later, Sister Hu said to everyone: "Minsheng Bank lent money quickly, the money came at the right time, and the order price was just the lowest point. Fortunately, I didn’t miss this opportunity!"

　　"If it takes 5 days for a business to go through the process normally, and you use it for 4 days, customers will feel ok, no different from other banks; If you use it for 3 days, customers will be surprised and feel that their own affairs have been taken seriously; If you use it for 2 days, the customer will be very grateful to you and feel that you are really trying to help him solve the problem; If it takes only one day to get it done, customers will feel that you are a trustworthy friend from the bottom of their hearts. So efficiency is very important. " Li Sizhen said.

　　It is also very important to "fully understand the customer". In addition to phone calls and text messages, WeChat friends circle is a window for Li Sizhen to communicate with customers. In this window, Li Sizhen believes that she can not only be closer to customers’ lives, but also better grasp opportunities.

　　"Always mention business with customers, with a strong purpose, but it is counterproductive. I don’t want to be just a cold and prim account manager in the hearts of customers. I hope that I am a living and warm Chongqing girl in front of them. " Li Sizhen said.

　　Mr. Lin runs a building materials company in Chongqing. Li Sijing learned from the exchange that he has been relatively abundant in funds and has no plans to borrow money for the time being, so he has been communicating as a friend and has no business dealings.

　　"Mr. Lin likes to share photos of his fitness in the circle of friends. I often like it and occasionally discuss ways to lose weight." Li Sizhen said that after a long time, after the two became acquainted, Li Sizhen learned that Mr. Lin’s father was old and changed the company legal person to Mr. Lin. At the same time, he also wanted to change the collection code. At that time, Mr. Lin happened to see Li Sizhen interacting in the circle of friends, so he took the initiative to ask. After communication, Li Sizhen immediately contacted the docking person of the acquiring business for Mr. Lin and collected the settlement of the enterprise in Minsheng Bank.

　　"Managing customers is really a very long-term process, and we must be prepared for a long-term war." Li Sijing understands the vigilance and hesitation of customers, and she will convey her sincerity to customers with practical actions.

　　Mr. Wu runs a food company and has loan cooperation with many banks. When Li Sijing visited, he complained that his account manager was too mobile, and he didn’t have any bank friends who he trusted particularly. Usually, he was recommended by his partners for business. In July 7788, he added a bunch of staff WeChat, and sometimes he couldn’t tell who was in charge of which business.

　　In the contact with Mr. Wu, Li Sijing gradually understood his personality, true temperament, and also loved to share and be lively. "In fact, such a customer is really of high quality. Once he decides that you will not change easily." Therefore, in the following months, every holiday and customer’s birthday, Li Sijing will take pains to prepare a blessing; If you happen to be near Mr. Wu’s company, everyone will go up and have a chat to deepen mutual understanding. Later, Mr. Wu was moved by Li Sijing’s sincerity. Not only did he hand over his business to Minsheng Bank, but he also took the initiative to introduce many partners and friends of the Chamber of Commerce who had financial needs to Li Sijing.

　　"As a front-line account manager, you must learn to be a conscientious person." Li Sijing believes that managing customers is like starting a journey. Every site has people going up and down. Some customers only sit for a few stops, and some customers will stay with them for many years. But no matter which customer, what Li Sijing will do is to listen, what the customer is worried about, what the customer is hesitating about, and what the customer has problems. Then, on the basis of full understanding, he will use his professional knowledge to enter the customer’s heart with sincerity. It is the active empathy again and again, the warm greetings again and again, and the unexpected surprises one after another that make Li Sizhen more and more practical on the road of microfinance.

　　Yu Huawen:

　　Empathy service has more temperature.

　　Not visiting the enterprise, but on the way to visit the enterprise-this is a true portrayal of Yu Huawen’s work. Since joining the micro-finance team of Minsheng Bank Shenyang Branch in 2021, Yu Huawen has taken "providing modern financial services for small and micro enterprises" as his mission, treating customers as friends and partners, anxious about the urgent needs of enterprises and solving the difficulties of enterprises.

　　A main medical device enterprise is affected by the longer payment period, and its liquidity is seriously affected. At the same time, the enterprise needs funds to expand its production scale. In the first time to understand the needs of enterprises, Yu Huawen acted quickly and actively communicated. It took only five working days from data collection to loan, which eased the urgent needs of enterprises and won high praise from customers.

　　In order to meet the demand for credit funds of small and micro customers as soon as possible, Yu Huawen often works overtime and continuously. When the workload is heavy, he visits customers and inspects the market during the day, and rushes back to the unit to write reports and sort out credit materials at night, in order to solve the problem of enterprise funds early and meet the timeliness requirements of small and micro enterprises’ production and operation.

　　"To serve small and micro enterprises well, we must learn to empathize, understand their pain points and difficulties, and make good use of the policies of the government and banks to support the development of small and micro enterprises, so that enterprises can truly feel the temperature of Minsheng Bank’s services." Yu Huawen said.

　　In order to support the healthy development of small and micro enterprises, the Shenyang Municipal Government launched the business guarantee loan policy. Yu Huawen carefully studied the policy, and cooperated with bookkeeping companies. Many policy publicity activities were organized for small and micro enterprises to publicize the inclusive finance concept of Minsheng Bank, explain the discount conditions of business guarantee loans, and actively assist qualified customers to handle the discount procedures, so that many enterprises enjoyed interest-free financing services in the first year.

　　"To serve small and micro enterprises well, we must strive to become a comprehensive financial service steward of small and micro enterprises, and meet customer needs with professional products and sincere services." Yu Huawen said that in the process of many years of micro-financial services, he has come hand in hand with many enterprises, and it is almost the reality of all small and micro customers.

　　Mr. Li was introduced by another customer. From consulting loan business, he and Yu Huawen got to know each other and became friends gradually. With the support of Minsheng Bank, Mr. Li has grown from a small business owner with only a few employees at first to a private entrepreneur with more than 100 employees now, and from a single entrepreneur to a pillar of a family of four. With the growth of enterprises and the formation of families, the services provided by Minsheng Bank to Mr. Li have gradually enriched from the initial small and micro enterprise loans to a comprehensive service plan of "enterprise financing+employee generation+family wealth management". Yu Huawen and the financial manager have formed a professional service team, providing a package of services such as corporate tax preference, cash management, family wealth planning and children’s education. By exporting comprehensive financial services such as loans, settlement, comprehensive financial management and financial planning for enterprises, Yu Huawen has gained high recognition from enterprises.

On the occasion of the first anniversary of the brand’s establishment, on May 19th, Meituan Distribution announced that it would upgrade its opening strategy, create more inclusive distribution services, and work with ecological partners to build new infrastructure in the future city.

When the epidemic struck, the instant delivery industry grew against the trend. During the epidemic, Meituan delivered 56.22 million orders to hospitals across the country, and at the same time absorbed 791,500 laborers to become take-away riders.

At the same time, new players such as Didi have also entered the errand business. In this regard, Wei Wei, general manager of Meituan Distribution, said that Meituan’s errand business has made great progress recently. Didi and Meituan are companies that like to try new things, and some people are willing to come in, indicating that the industry is still valuable.

With the implementation of the new national standard for motorcycles, Meituan has also cooperated with some energy companies. Will the rider’s transportation be unified in the future? Wei Wei mentioned that the rider’s means of transport is a part of the ecological chain and will actively cooperate with the government and enterprises.

Talking about Didi’s errand running industry: it shows that the industry still has value

In May 2019, Meituan Distribution was formally established as an independent brand, and announced the upgrade of the distribution open platform. Up to now, Meituan has 3.99 million platform active riders, covering 2,800 cities above the county level, covering more than 6.2 million categories of merchants such as restaurants, fresh food, supermarkets, bookstores and flowers.

Now, the first anniversary of the brand’s establishment, Wei Wei, general manager of Meituan Distribution, said that it will build more inclusive distribution services, digitally help 10 million stores, provide 200,000 deep distribution solutions, and continue to open up to the society to provide 3 million jobs.

During the epidemic, instant delivery became a busy industry. Wei Wei introduced that recently, the errand business has made great progress, and the epidemic has brought about changes in people’s consumption habits. On May 10th, Mother’s Day, the errand orders exceeded 1.17 million. The epidemic has made the home business and errands business press the speed-up button, and now the overall development is still very good.

For non-catering business, etc. Yang Fei, general manager of the customer department of Meituan distribution enterprise, said that we have indeed made many new attempts in catering and non-catering, and we are also expanding the upstream business flow, whether it is the expansion of flash shopping business categories or the internal Meituan shopping, including customers in various industries in the market. At present, the proportion of our non-catering categories is gradually increasing.

Many players have also started to enter the game. In March, Didi announced that it will run errands in 21 cities including Shanghai, Shenzhen and Chongqing, and the function of picking up and delivering parts in the same city will also be opened. Wei Wei told the Beijing News reporter that Didi and Meituan are both companies that like to try new things. From the perspective of business value, some people are willing to come in, indicating that this industry is still valuable.

For other players in the industry, Wei Wei said that from an internal perspective, competition is a very important factor to maintain internal vitality and innovation drive, so we don’t pay too much attention to competition, but pay more attention to what new value and plans we can bring.

The rider’s equipment is a part of the ecological chain.

What difficulties and challenges have the brand encountered since its establishment one year ago? Wei Wei introduced that the development of take-away business is demand-driven, and take-away is a closed-loop transaction at the performance end and an important end link. If there is no way to guarantee the delivery time and service experience of goods, the business model will not be established.

"The gross profit margin of retail is much lower than that of the catering industry, so the cost of supporting home must adopt a new distribution model to perform distribution in a more intensive way." Wei Wei believes that the biggest challenge is the joint construction of the digitalization of retailers and the digitalization of delivery performance of the whole platform. At present, it will take some time to polish, and our flash purchase business has also launched the "Little Picking Assistant".

The types of services such as Meituan distribution are constantly enriched. The data shows that the "cruise mode" of Meituan’s peer-to-peer distribution network reached 7.6 billion orders in 2019; "Galaxy mode" provides more customized in-store service, and the number of cooperative stores increases by 402.5%; Introduce the "warehouse-distribution integrated model" consisting of pre-small warehouse and distribution; Intelligent cupboards have been put into use in batches in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities.

Motorcycles also affect the distribution efficiency. In April 2019, the new national standard for motorcycles was officially implemented. At the same time, many enterprises have laid out "shared power exchange" business. Previously, Meituan Distribution signed a strategic cooperation with Tieta Energy. At present, 6,000 power exchange points have been laid in 150 cities across the country, which can serve nearly 160,000 riders every day.

Is the rider’s distribution and assembly unified? Wei Wei said that the new national standard for motorcycles must be actively supported from the distribution attitude of the US delegation, which is also a part of the ecological chain. It is necessary to actively cooperate with the government and enterprises, but the status quo needs an evolutionary process.

What impact will the 5G network construction bring to the distribution of the US Mission? Wei Wei believes that, firstly, 5G, AIoT and AI technologies are relatively advanced technologies, and 5G is the accelerator for the application of AI and AIoT technologies to the underlying network. At present, China is still in the process of infrastructure construction, and it will take a while. With the improvement of 5G technology capability, there will be a very large commercial application scenario for the minute-level distribution network of instant delivery in the future.

Beijing News reporter Chen Weicheng Editor Wang Jinyu proofread Junyan Zhang

　　　　 Awesome Mix Vol.1, a collection of original songs, cleverly chose the old tape drive in the movie as the album cover. Handwritten album names, old cassettes, yellowed colors and the rigid metallic texture of the tape drive have drawn a clear line with the conventional soundtracks that show off fashion and technology. It was even suggested that Marvel Comics release the original soundtrack on tape this time. At the same time, these old songs also tell us that Star-Lord’s mother’s youth is in the vibrant 1970s in the history of western pop music.

　　　　 Let’s open Star-Lord’s carry-on treasure and see what this guy has hidden:

Blue Swede— — 《Hooked On A Feeling》

　　　　 "Fool around, fool around, fool around … …” Brainwashing rhythm comes from Blue Swede, an old band famous for covering other people’s works in the 1970s. This old song called Hooked On A Feeling was covered by B.J.Thomas, a country pop singer in the 1960s. It was in 1969 that B.J.Thomas became famous for this song. Since then, there have been few excellent works (it is worth mentioning that in 2013, this uncle played the same tune, changed this song to duet and published it again). Blue Swede, a little-known band, cooked a plate of creative cold rice in 1974, and put a hat of "labor song" on the original regular and fresh folk style, and it has been out of control ever since — — At that time, the charts could still influence the artistic life of musicians. With this song, Blue Swede won the American charts in one fell swoop and once won the charts of the Netherlands, Canada and Australia. Even in Great Britain, which has always hated Americans, it was not until Jonathan King, an old singer, made a move that he barely pushed them off the top.

　　　　 Think this song looks familiar? You are not mistaken, it once appeared in quentin tarantino’s famous work Reservoir Dogs (01: 16: 28); This song was also quoted in ally mcbeal, a popular legal soap opera in the 1990s. Although the versions quoted by different film and television works are different, they are still repeatedly mentioned after 45 years of history, which shows their timeless classic magic.