Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, March 28th Title: Legal interpretation of Wu Xiaohui’s case — — Interview with Professor Ruan Qilin of China University of Political Science and Law

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Fei, Huang Anqi

　　On March 28th, the Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court held a trial in the first instance to hear the case of Wu Xiaohui, the former chairman and general manager of Anbang Property Insurance Group Co., Ltd., who was suspected of fund-raising fraud and duty embezzlement. Weibo, the official of Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court, made a summary of the trial. The reporter interviewed Professor Ruan Qilin, an expert in criminal law and China University of Political Science and Law, and asked him to analyze and interpret the main legal issues involved in this case according to the facts and evidence of the case published by Guan Wei of Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court, as well as the relevant information published by relevant departments and media before.

　　Reporter: From the main criminal facts and evidence that the procuratorate accused the defendant of being suspected published by Weibo, the official of Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court, how do you think to evaluate the nature of these behaviors of the defendant in criminal law? What kind of serious social harm do these behaviors have?

　　Ruan Qilin: Defendant Wu Xiaohui used Anbang Property Insurance as a financing platform, and the amount of illegally selling investment-type insurance products exceeded the scale approved by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, reaching more than 720 billion yuan, which was illegal. According to Article 1 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in the Trial of Illegal Fund-raising Cases, (1) those who, without the approval of the relevant departments according to law, (2) publicize in the society, and (3) promise to repay the principal and interest or pay a return, and absorb funds from the public are illegal to absorb public deposits. Although Anbang Property Insurance controlled by Wu Xiaohui has been approved by the relevant departments to issue investment-type insurance products according to law, it is far beyond the scale of sales approved by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (over-raised), and the over-raised part should be considered as "not approved by the relevant departments according to law", which is illegal. Its over-raised part is staggering, reaching more than 720 billion yuan, which contains great financial risks and has extremely serious social harm.

　　Defendant Wu Xiaohui, in the above-mentioned illegal fund-raising process, first, used deception to secretly increase the capital of Anbang Group and Anbang Property Insurance by over-raised premium funds of more than 77 billion yuan. According to the relevant regulations, shareholders must increase their capital to insurance companies with their own funds, and Wu Xiaohui secretly converted the premium funds raised in excess into shareholders’ funds as capital increase for Anbang Property Insurance and Anbang Group, which violated the law and invented solvency to the CIRC and the public. At the same time, Wu Xiaohui manipulated Anbang Group and Anbang Property Insurance to modify profits, adjust data, disclose false information, and continue to make false propaganda to the public. Deceive the public to buy its investment insurance products, resulting in a sharp expansion of the scale of over-raising. Second, illegal possession of huge illegal fund-raising funds (over-raised premiums). After Anbang Property & Casualty sold investment insurance with a predetermined income in its own name, according to Wu Xiaohui’s request, it concealed the over-raised premium to Anbang Group or transferred it to the industrial company actually controlled by Wu Xiaohui, leaving the supervision of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission and other regulatory authorities, thus realizing the purpose of Wu Xiaohui’s illegal possession of huge premium funds by himself or through the industrial company actually controlled by himself, and actually causing a fund gap of 65.2 billion yuan. Wu Xiaohui can only repay the old premium gap with new premium income, and so on, with the Ponzi scheme. According to Article 192 of the Criminal Law, "those who illegally raise funds by deception for the purpose of illegal possession … …” It constitutes a crime of fund-raising fraud.Wu Xiaohui used deception to illegally raise funds and illegally took some of the funds for himself, which was suspected of constituting a crime of fund-raising fraud.

　　At the same time, the defendant Wu Xiaohui took advantage of his position to instruct others to transfer the original Anbang property insurance premium to the industrial company he actually controlled for his own use by means of transfer without accounting, which met the constitutive requirements of the crime of occupational embezzlement, and the amount was 10 billion yuan, which was extremely huge.

　　Reporter: We noticed that the defendant’s illegal fund-raising behavior in this case was carried out by insurance institutions. In judicial practice, how to determine the illegality of the actual controller using legal financial institutions to raise funds illegally? How to identify its criminal purpose? How to distinguish between unit crime and individual crime of natural person?

　　Ruan Qilin: These questions you asked are very professional. First of all, about the illegality of this behavior. Although Anbang Property Insurance is a legal financial institution, its issuance of investment-type insurance products must be approved by the CIRC according to relevant regulations. It is illegal to sell investment insurance products without the approval of the CIRC or beyond the sales scale approved by the CIRC. Because super-scale sales and illegal fund-raising have the same financial risks and are equally harmful to investors. Moreover, because it is a legal financial institution, it is easier to gain the trust of the public, and it can quickly expand the scale of illegal fund-raising to form greater financial risks, which is more harmful to society. The scale of illegally raised funds in this case has rapidly expanded to more than 720 billion yuan, which is closely related to Wu Xiaohui’s use of the signboard of Anbang Property Insurance legal financial institutions. After the incident, the relevant government departments immediately took over Anbang Group, which reflected the seriousness of the financial risks it created and forced the government departments to take over. In recent years, illegal fund-raising cases, such as the largest "Easy Rent Treasure" case, involved only tens of billions of yuan, which is a drop in the bucket compared with the scale of illegal fund-raising in this case. The amount that this case was illegally occupied and could not be returned reached more than 65 billion yuan, far exceeding the fund-raising fraud cases such as "Easy Rent Treasure".

　　Secondly, about the defendant’s criminal purpose. According to Article 2 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in the Trial of Illegal Fund-raising Cases, if illegal fund-raising by deception has one of the following circumstances, it can be considered as "for the purpose of illegal possession": (2) wantonly squandering fund-raising funds, resulting in the non-return of fund-raising; … … (5) Evading, transferring funds, concealing property and evading the return of funds; … … (8) Other circumstances in which the purpose of illegal possession can be identified. In this case, the defendant used fictitious equity investment, false shareholder dividends and other means to transfer the investment-type insurance product funds raised by Anbang Property Insurance to the industrial company actually controlled by him for possession and use, and has caused more than 65 billion yuan of premium funds to be returned. Enough to identify the purpose of illegal possession.

　　Third, whether it is a unit crime or an individual crime. This case should be considered as an individual crime such as the defendant, and should not be considered as a unit crime. First, the unit crime should reflect the unit will, while the management of Anbang Group, Anbang Property Insurance and other Anbang companies all reflect Wu Xiaohui’s personal will, which does not conform to the company’s operating rules and cannot make Wu Xiaohui’s personal will rise to the unit will. Second, the essential feature of unit crime is "for the benefit of the unit". A large number of facts in this case show that Wu Xiaohui made a personal decision and sought personal interests. According to Article 3 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Relevant Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Law in the Trial of Unit Crimes: "Whoever embezzles the name of a unit to commit a crime, and the illegal income is divided among the individuals who commit the crime, shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions on crimes committed by natural persons". In this case, Wu Xiaohui illegally took tens of billions of premium funds for himself, which should be considered as a natural person crime. At the same time, in this case, Zhongyuan Anbang Property Insurance and Anbang Group had to bear the responsibility of paying more than 720 billion yuan of wealth management products illegally raised by Wu Xiaohui and others because of their illegal fund-raising and illegal possession of premium funds. It has suffered huge economic losses and financial risks, and it is also a victim.

　　Reporter: Generally, fund-raising fraud cases will cause great losses to fund-raising participants, but there is no actual loss of the insured in this case. Excuse me, Professor Ruan, does this situation affect the criminal evaluation?

　　Ruan Qilin: Actually, Anbang Property Insurance has already taken great risks. According to today’s trial, the total assets of Wu Xiaohui’s personal and industrial companies at the time of the incident were far below the funding gap. Wu Xiaohui has hollowed out Anbang Property Insurance by using false capital injection, false investment, and various pretexts to transfer premiums. Once the capital chain breaks, millions of investors will suffer huge losses. Fortunately, the government supervision department found the huge redemption risk in time, took over Anbang Group urgently, and went all out to prevent the risk from expanding. That is to say, the actual loss of investors has not yet occurred in this case, which is entirely due to the fact that the government regulatory authorities prevented Wu Xiaohui and others from committing crimes of illegal fund-raising and taking over Anbang Group. This should not reduce Wu Xiaohui and others’ guilt of encroaching on the original Anbang property insurance and Anbang Group property, using fraudulent methods to illegally raise funds and illegally occupying fund-raising funds.

　　Reporter: Wu Xiaohui’s two criminal facts in the prosecution are that he took the funds of financial institutions as his own, but some of them were identified as fund-raising fraud and some as duty crimes. Why are these two parts of criminal facts evaluated differently in law? Why can’t it be regarded as the crime of illegal use of funds?

　　Ruan Qilin: In the case of basically the same criminal modus operandi, the public prosecutor found that Wu Xiaohui constituted the crime of fund-raising fraud and the crime of occupational embezzlement respectively. The criteria for such identification were based on the nature of illegally occupied funds.

　　Generally speaking, after an investor buys the products of an insurance company, the funds are actually owned and controlled by the insurance company, and the actual controller’s transfer of possession by taking advantage of his position should be regarded as a duty crime or a crime of illegal use of funds. All the illegally occupied funds come from Anbang’s legal premium income.

　　In order to obtain a large amount of funds, the actual controller used financial institutions as a tool to illegally absorb funds from the public. For example, in this case, Wu Xiaohui sold investment-type insurance products beyond the scale approved by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, which was illegal in fund-raising, and the defendant illegally transferred and occupied the huge amount of funds in illegal fund-raising. The illegally occupied funds came from the premium funds of investment products that Anbang had overpaid (illegally raised funds). In illegal fund-raising, using deception to illegally raise funds and transfer the illegal fund-raising funds for possession is a related act under the deliberate control, that is, illegal fund-raising and illegal possession of fund-raising funds, which cannot be divided and should be evaluated as a whole. Therefore, it is reasonable to identify this part as fund-raising fraud.

　　The crime of illegal use of funds is the illegal use of funds managed by the relevant management institutions in violation of state regulations. This crime cannot cover or include illegal sources of funds and illegal possession of funds. Wu Xiaohui, the defendant in this case, used Anbang Property Insurance to sell insurance products beyond the approved scale, which was illegal fund-raising, and this illegal fund-raising behavior could not be included in the crime of illegal use of funds. That is to say, the crime of illegal use of funds can only evaluate the illegal use of funds, but it cannot or is not enough to evaluate the illegal source of funds, that is, it cannot include the evaluation of illegal fund-raising behavior. For Wu Xiaohui’s illegal fund-raising behavior, only the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits or the crime of fund-raising fraud can accurately evaluate the illegality of his obtaining funds. In addition, the crime of illegal use of funds can not cover the illegal possession of funds, and the crime of fund-raising fraud can include not only the illegal acquisition of funds, but also the illegal possession of illegally acquired funds, as well as the domination, use and punishment on the basis of illegal possession. Therefore, only the crime of fund-raising fraud can completely evaluate Wu Xiaohui’s illegal fund-raising and illegal possession of illegally raised funds. If the crime of illegal use of funds is found, the evaluation of its illegal fund-raising and illegal possession of funds is omitted, and all its behaviors are not completely evaluated.

What is the current automobile market? 26,900, you can buy a car.

Just now, it went on the market. As a pure electric mini-car, Pentium Pony has three models, one of which has a battery life of 122km and the other two have a battery life of 170km, and the price ranges from 26,900 to 31,900 yuan.

What is the biggest highlight of this car? Obviously, it is cheap. Moreover, no matter from the appearance or publicity, the positioning of this car is very clear, that is, female consumers who have just entered the society and bought cars for the first time. So is this car worth buying? Today we will analyze it.

122km and 170km, who should I buy?

In terms of price, the price of the 122km cute horse is 26,900 yuan, and the price of the 170km energetic horse is 29,900 yuan, and the difference is only 3,000 yuan. So what’s the difference?

The most obvious is the difference in battery life. One is 122km, and the other is 170km. What else?

It is worth mentioning that all three models of Pony do not support fast charging. The charging time of 122km Mengqu Horse is 5.2 hours, and that of 170km Yuanqi Horse is 6.5 hours.

There is no difference between them except energy density.

Then, compared with the price difference of 3,000 yuan, we still think that the price-performance ratio of the 170km Yuanqi horse model is higher.

Which of the two 170km models is more cost-effective?

Let’s look at the price first. The price of a 170km energetic horse is 29,900 yuan, and the price of a 170km energetic horse is 31,900 yuan. The difference between the two cars is only 4000 yuan.

So what is the difference between the two cars under the premise of the same battery life?

In fact, it is some more detailed configurations, such as the reversing image that the 170km Yuanqi horse does not have, and the full LCD instrument is carried on the dynamic horse model; Moreover, the Yuanqima model is only equipped with one front USB interface, but the vitality is equipped with two interfaces immediately; The number of speakers has also changed from one to two.

In that case, in fact, I think the most useful configuration of vitality immediately is the reversing image, so I think that the 170km models are very cost-effective, but it is a good choice to spend 31,900 yuan on the top version.

Therefore, if we recommend it, we think that 170km is worth buying than 122km, and among the 170km models, the high-powered horse is more cost-effective.

And if you buy a car now, you can also enjoy a series of rights and interests. For example, discount interest and various subsidies, and you can also enjoy two years of original value repurchase, etc., which can basically be said to minimize the cost of car purchase, and it is also considered more comprehensively for young people.

Summary:

Generally speaking, Pentium Pony has cut into the entry-level car buying range at a very low price, so that many young people who have just entered the society have the opportunity to drive a car that can shelter from the wind and rain, and from the configuration point of view, this car is also sincere. I believe this car will be a car of FAW Pentium that undertakes the task of walking.

So what do you think of this car? Welcome to leave a message for discussion.

Zhiyi Automobile/Li Jingwen

Recently, the internal design of Huawei’s "Ask the World" was exposed, which caused extensive discussion in the industry. Huawei’s smart car brand "ask the world" has attracted countless eyes since its advent, and every time a new product goes on the market, it will cause heated discussion.

The internal planning of this exposure is even more surprising. The new luxury smart model, the M8, will be launched in the world. It is expected to be launched in 2025, and its pricing range and delivery time have been roughly determined, with a total price of 300,000-400,000. . Let’s take a look at it.

In terms of appearance, there are similarities between the border M8 and the border M9 from the rendering. The circular closed front face is equipped with a lighted "border" sign above the engine compartment cover. Compared with the border M9, the through headlight group appears smoother, while the starlight style on both sides makes the car look more exquisite. The long and narrow passages on both sides are somewhat similar to the border 9, and the lower part is covered with black decoration. The laser radar on the roof is also a highlight of Huawei’s intelligent driving system.

The side body is slender, and the hidden BC column is used. Compared with the M9, the lower part of the window of the new model is narrower and looks more concise. The concealed door handle is decorated with chrome-plated ornaments, which echoes the decorations at the fender, making the whole car more integrated. The new car wheel hub adopts the double-color wheel hub of M9, and there are more slender decorative strips on the side, with rough wheel eyebrows, which is both stable and powerful.

The tail is a penetrating taillight, and the design is in stark contrast to the front of the car. The high-position brake light is embedded in the middle of the roof spoiler, which is highly recognizable after lighting. Like M9, the design of AITO logo, transverse decorative strips and reflective strips makes the whole car more layered.

As for the interior, please refer to the M9. The central control adopts triple screen design, eye-catching LCD instrument screen, central control screen and co-pilot’s entertainment screen, all of which show the atmosphere of luxury and technology. The circular three-spoke steering wheel is equipped with physical buttons, electronic arms and HUD head-up display, and the air outlets at both ends are in a "back" structure, which looks more atmospheric as a whole. The auxiliary center console is equipped with operation mode knob and dual mobile phone wireless charging panel.

In addition, the length of the M8 car body is over 5,100mm, and it is designed with three rows of seats. The trunk space is spacious, which can meet the needs of family travel or official business. This kind of physical performance also makes the M8 in the market get a higher degree of attention.

In terms of intelligent driving, it is equipped with Huawei’s newly developed "Gankun ADS3.0" advanced intelligent driving system, which, combined with air suspension technology, allows users to have a higher intelligent driving experience. As for security issues, Huawei will certainly not be worse, because everyone knows Huawei’s accomplishments in intelligent technology.

At present, the specific power information is not clear. It is reported that the "Whale" 800V high-voltage battery pack will be used, the wire harness will be reduced by 80% and the thickness will be reduced by 16.4%. It only takes 5 minutes to supplement the cruising range of 150km, which means that the new car will have more advantages in charging.

Although the new car was launched a little late, its competitiveness in the market can not be ignored. According to the official, the starting price of this model is 359,800 yuan, and the highest price is 410,000 yuan, which is quite competitive among the models of the same class.

Huawei asked the industry whether it would consider launching more cost-effective models in the future, so as to better meet the needs of consumers. This is also something that is worth looking forward to. If we can launch some smart models with affordable prices, I think they will definitely be favored by the majority of users.

The original article of Zhiyou Automobile, please contact us if you need to reprint it.

* The picture is from the Internet. If it is infringing, please contact the author to delete it. *

For a car, you can’t talk about heroes purely by the quality of dynamic performance, just like other aspects of performance are also worth talking about. Let’s take you to appreciate its style.

Let’s look at the appearance of the Pentium pony first. The front face of the Pentium pony presents an exquisite design style and looks very sporty. Headlights are very in line with consumers’ aesthetics and can win the love of young people. The car is equipped with etc. Come to the car side, the car body size is 3000MM*1510MM*1630MM, the car uses dynamic lines, the car body feels very simple, with large-size thick-walled tires, eye-catching shape. Looking back, the overall shape of the Pentium pony tail echoes the front face, the taillight style is more dignified, and the overall layout is impressive.

When I came into the car, the interior style was very round and the visual effect was very good. The steering wheel of this car is well designed, made of plastic material, and feels good. From the central control point of view, the design of the center console is reasonable, which makes the interior design quite layered and meets the aesthetic standards of most consumers. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling. Let’s take a look. The dashboard of this car presents a delicate design style, and the sports atmosphere is relatively in place. The car uses a fabric seat, which is wide and thick and very comfortable to ride.

The Pentium pony is 30KW, the total torque is 90N.m, and the maximum speed is 100km/h..

The car is equipped with Bluetooth /WIFI connection, sun visor mirror, USB interface, uphill assist, rear reversing radar and other configurations, which is rich in functions and greatly improves its convenience.

The car introduced today is not only eye-catching in space, but also has reached the mainstream level in various configurations, and there is nothing to be picky about driving experience and space experience. If you are planning to buy a car, then the car above is worth considering.

originate

Not long ago, the National Health and Wellness Commission and other six departments jointly formulated the "Second Batch of Rare Diseases Catalogue", which newly included 86 rare diseases. Together with the first batch of 121 rare diseases included in 2018, at present, there are 207 rare diseases included in the catalogue in China.

In recent years, the word "rare disease" has appeared more and more frequently in everyone’s field of vision. For example, in the news, the father developed "self-made medicine" for his son’s complex disease, and then in the past two years, the price negotiation of medical insurance was hot, and most of them were related to rare disease drugs.

The "drug god father", who was known on the Internet in 2021, took his son to be injected with gene therapy drugs in June 2022, and was also the first patient with Menkes disease who underwent gene therapy in China | See the watermark for the source.

In the past two years, the medical insurance price negotiations have always been hot headlines, and drugs related to rare diseases are included in the national medical insurance drug list every year | Source: CCTV News

Therefore, many people have the impression that the concept of rare diseases is both familiar and unfamiliar: rare diseases don’t seem so "rare", it seems difficult to treat them, and there don’t seem to be so many experts studying rare diseases …

But these superficial impressions are not enough to describe the whole picture of rare diseases.

What is a rare disease? Really "rare"?

In fact, different countries have different definitions of rare diseases. For example, the United States generally defines it as a disease with fewer than 200,000 people in China (that is, about 1 in 1,500), while the prevalence rate in Europe is less than 1 in 2,000.

According to China’s "Research Report on the Definition of Rare Diseases in China 2021", the definition of rare diseases in China is: "Diseases with neonatal morbidity less than 1/ 10,000, morbidity less than 1/ 10,000, and patients less than 140,000 are classified as rare diseases". The main reason is that China has a large population base. If the definition is too loose, the pressure on drug research and development and medical insurance will be too great.

Taking Europe as an example, different countries have different definitions of rare diseases, which often need to be considered according to factors such as population, drug research and development (the unit is every 100,000 people) | Source: Chung C C Y, et al. 2022.

You may be curious: since the prevalence rate is one thousandth or one thousandth, why do you say that it may be too loose to put pressure on the medical system? That’s because the concept of rare diseases is actually a collection of thousands of diseases, or collectively.

According to incomplete statistics, the number of known rare diseases is about 6000-8000. Although the prevalence rate is not all 1/2000, this figure is still very scary-according to the statistical estimation of the incidence rate of 3585 rare diseases, there are about 263-446 million people suffering from various rare diseases all over the world.

This is why, although it is called a rare disease, this group is not "rare" at all.

What does it mean to have a rare disease?

What does it mean to get this rare disease with a probability of one thousandth? Will it become a rare object that is taken care of by everyone like the stars holding the moon?

At least at present, most patients with rare diseases are not so lucky.

First of all, you have to diagnose what disease you are.

But in fact, the diagnosis of rare diseases is very difficult because of limited medical resources and imperfect medical knowledge. About half of the patients with rare diseases in the world still don’t know what disease they have, and the remaining half still face problems such as delayed diagnosis, wrong diagnosis, no treatment plan and unattended care.

What does this mean? If there is a rare patient in Europe, Xiao A, who suddenly has an attack, there is a 25% possibility that Xiao A will not know what disease he has until five years later. In 40% cases, different doctors will give Xiao A different diagnosis and different treatment schemes, and most of these treatment schemes are not helpful to Xiao A because of misdiagnosis.

However, under this wave of operation, Xiao A may have spent a lot of money to cure the disease.

"Layer-by-layer Screening" of Rare Diseases in Europe from Diagnosis to Treatment

In China, however, the shortage of medical resources will only make these ratios higher.

Suppose Xiao A was lucky enough to get an accurate diagnosis in just one year. At this time, the doctor turned over a long list of rare diseases and told Xiao A with regret that there was no medicine for your disease. Because now more than 90% of rare diseases have no good treatment.

This is also the reason why it was mentioned at the beginning that two years ago, the father could only develop drugs to treat his son himself.

As a result, Xiao A will fall into long-term hospitalization or drug treatment, not only can barely maintain his life, but also bear the sky-high medical expenses for life-for example, patients with cystic fibrosis need about 280-1.9 million euros in medical expenses for a lifetime.

Let’s assume that Xiao A is super lucky. Not only is he diagnosed quickly, but he also finds that this rare disease has a very effective orphan drug (rare disease is also called "orphan disease" because the patient is rare, just like "orphan"). As a result, ta may be shocked when he looks at the drug price: it is reported that the average price of rare disease drugs used by each patient is 4.8 times that of other diseases.

You can do a "simple math problem": in 2014, the development of a new drug in China will cost about $1.2 billion, and to maintain the research and development of the whole pharmaceutical industry, it is required that the sales volume should be at least $15 billion. According to the maximum subsidy of 300,000 RMB (about 50,000 US dollars) provided by medical insurance, at least 300,000 patients are needed-and a rare disease is defined as a disease with less than 140,000 patients. Then it requires higher pricing, so that drug researchers and the whole industry can "return to the original".

In other words, patients with rare diseases have to pay more for treatment than other patients.

What does it mean to study rare diseases?

But why are drugs for rare diseases so expensive? Are biomedical companies all black-hearted enterprises? In fact, it is not only patients, but also researchers of rare diseases.

However, the research on rare diseases in China is on the rise, even catching up with common diseases. The above figure shows the number of published research articles, and the following figure shows the number of clinical trials | Source: Yang L, et al.2015.

Suppose researcher Xiao B wants to study a rare disease. The first question Xiao B faces is: Where is my research object?

Although the definition of rare diseases is less than 140,000 people, it sounds like a large number, but in fact only a small number of patients will go to the hospital, and they are scattered in hospitals all over the country.

Not to mention finding a needle in a haystack, it should be as difficult as finding a needle in a swimming pool.

Let’s continue to assume that Xiao B is lucky enough to collect information about dozens of patients with rare diseases in several hospitals and prepare for research. At this time, the question comes again-where does the research funding come from? Rare diseases are mostly genetic diseases, and the study of rare diseases requires gene sequencing, data analysis, animal experiments and so on, which require no less funds than ordinary diseases.

However, from the simple relationship between supply and demand, patients with more common diseases often get more financial support; However, there are more than 5,000 rare diseases with different pathogenesis, so much research funds are available, and what researchers can get is often a drop in the bucket.

From diagnosis to research and development of rare diseases, every step is money, especially when ordinary sequencing (exon sequencing, ES) is ineffective, it is more complicated for researchers to judge the difficulty and exploration direction of rare diseases | Source: Marwaha S, et al. 2022.

However, assuming that Xiao B is lucky, he just applied to the National Natural Science Foundation of China, which has started to increase funding for research on rare diseases in recent years, and got a lot of research funds. Xiao B intends to do a big job to develop an effective drug for this rare disease and solve this rare disease once and for all!

So Xiao B collected patient information, sequenced to find rare disease targets, and began to screen different drugs;

After discovering hundreds of drugs that may be useful, carry out cell experiments and animal experiments;

Finally, five drugs may be effective, so they went to clinical trials;

After the first phase, the second phase and the third phase of the clinic, I was particularly lucky that a drug was proved to be effective;

Start the long drug approval and enter the fourth phase of clinical practice;

Finally, the drug was put into use.

So more than ten years have passed.

Process of new drug research and development | Source: Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, China Academy of Sciences

In addition, the results brought by the small sample size of patients are unreliable, the experimental design is difficult, and the treatment is not necessarily extensive and effective, which are puzzling the researchers of rare diseases.

It can be seen that it is a thankless thing for researchers to study rare diseases and develop related new drugs.

We can’t ignore it just because it’s "rare"

However, we can’t ignore hundreds of millions of patients with rare diseases because rare diseases are rare, or because research is "thankless".

For patients, governments all over the world have gradually realized the importance of rare diseases, and have increased investment in relevant medical insurance policies, so that more and more patients can get the best treatment at acceptable prices. There was also a hot search for high-priced drug negotiations in the previous two years.

By the end of this year, more than 50 kinds of 75 kinds of drugs for rare diseases that have been approved for listing in China have been included in the medical insurance drug list.

The status quo of rare disease drugs included in medical insurance | Source: Comprehensive report on rare diseases

For the drug research of rare diseases, different countries often support the development of rare diseases drugs from the aspects of research and development funds, drug approval cycle, drug tax relief and so on. In recent years, China has also improved the laws and regulations in this area to better support the research of rare diseases in China.

From the end of last century, governments and research institutions in various countries gradually realized that rare diseases are not rare, and they also deserve public attention. From diagnosis to treatment, from research to drugs, there are more and more different supports, but in the face of 300 million patients and thousands of diseases, the progress now is far from enough.

As a trivial biological science popularization person, we also hope to make a contribution in this respect. Now that China has listed 207 rare diseases, we will try to introduce these "orphan diseases" in simple and easy-to-understand language, which you may have never heard of.

I believe that as long as everyone knows something, orphan disease will no longer be lonely.

References:

? Chung C C Y, Hong Kong Genome Project, Chu A T W, et al. Rare disease emerging as a global public health priority[J]. Frontiers in public health, 2022, 10: 1028545.

The Third Multidisciplinary Expert Seminar on the Definition of Rare Diseases/Orphans in China, Research Report on the Definition of Rare Diseases in China 2021.

Comprehensive report on lilac orchard and rare diseases

? Ferreira C R. The burden of rare diseases[J]. American journal of medical genetics Part A, 2019, 179(6): 885-892.

? Yang L, Su C, Lee A M, et al. Focusing on rare diseases in China: are we there yet? [J]. Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2015, 10(1): 1-2.

? Griggs R C, Batshaw M, Dunkle M, et al. Clinical research for rare disease: opportunities, challenges, and solutions[J]. Molecular genetics and metabolism, 2009, 96(1): 20-26.

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1905 movie network news The special official announcement of the romantic fantasy film Tanabata, which was jointly created by, directing, starring, starring and the original crew of the same name drama series, released the "reunion" version of the pilot notice and the "star in the eye" version of the pilot poster, and announced that it would meet the audience at the New Year’s Eve. The Milky Way flows, and Zhang Wansen and Lin Beixing are once again in the same frame, which makes this hard-won reunion full of beautiful heart atmosphere. The phrase "those regrettable moments, we filled them with reunion" is meaningful, which makes many people feel curious about the movie plot, and they are increasingly looking forward to meeting with the pure love story of Wanxing CP in this year’s New Year’s Eve, which makes the past meaning difficult to calm down in the snowy season.

Wanxing CP Tanabata Surprise Reunion Qu Chuxiao Karlina has a deep sense of destiny.

In the preview of the film released today, Zhang Wansen and Lin Beixing finally reunited. They looked at each other face to face with deep affection and showed a relieved smile, but they couldn’t help but burst into tears. A choked "long time no see" was worth a thousand words, which condensed their infinite concern for each other, and their emotions were set off to the extreme in just 15 seconds. If the preview vividly explains the mixed feelings of the reunion moment, then the poster is more like the sweetness and beauty after the reunion. In the poster, Zhang Wansen and Lin Beixing stand together, with their backs against the beautiful beach and dazzling neon. At this moment, they are the most dazzling beings in each other’s eyes, and the lamps behind them are just arranged in the words "Shining For One Thing", which is a romantic annotation of their feelings.

It’s the Qixi Festival, and the pure love atmosphere that comes from the previews and posters is very appropriate. At the same time, it also brings comfort and hope to many drama powders. The drama version of the story has deeply abused countless people by virtue of BE aesthetics. After reading it for a long time, it is hard to let go. The audience can’t bear to see the secret love story of Zhang Wansen and Lin Beixing, leaving regrets, and the expectation that they will meet again has reached its peak. The latest material of the film is just a warm response to the audience’s expectations. "Those moments of regret, we filled them with reunion" seems to be the tacit understanding of Wanxing CP. And in this meaningful.After the big reunion, how will the fate of the two people extend? Can they really break through the obstacles and make all the regrets complete? All kinds of suspense are left to be revealed in the future.

"Secret love for the ceiling" super after-sales New Year’s Eve strikes, igniting feelings and agreeing to go to snow with the audience.

The explosive drama series "Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Bright Stars" of the same name once broke the box office record of platform and broadcast period, won the love of countless audiences and spontaneously Amway, and became the dark horse of the year 2022. After a year, the film version started shooting in the long expectation, and it was reassuring that the original team returned again. Drama fans have speculated when the film will meet the audience, and finally hoped for the good news of reunion on Tanabata. This reunion not only represents the reunion of Zhang Wansen and Lin Beixing in the preview, but also symbolizes the long-lost reunion between the story of Twinkle, Twinkle and Bright Stars and the audience, which is a two-way trip between the film and the audience. The film promised the audience a romantic agreement of "reunion on New Year’s Eve", which evoked many viewers’ inner feelings for a time. Once upon a time, the phrase "Zhang Wansen, it’s snowing" once spread all over social platforms, and became a classic line like Bai Yueguang in the minds of countless people. Now, I can finally get to Zhang Wansen’s pure love appointment with Lin Beixing in the snowy season, which is undoubtedly a dream-fulfilling plan full of ritual for the majority of drama fans. Not only that, we can make a New Year’s Eve appointment on Tanabata, and this romance will accompany us all the way, from summer to winter. Many dramas can’t hide their joy, saying that "I really want to watch the first snow of the New Year with Zhangwan Forest North Star in the cinema", "This year’s New Year’s Eve’s pure love warrior must keep an appointment", and "See you on Chinese New Year’s Eve, sparkling is a sense of ceremony" …… More and more people meet to enter the cinema in New Year’s Eve, witness this sincere and pure love together, gain the comfort of "love reverberates", and look forward to "2024 can go with happiness and happiness in both directions". I believe that this warm and romantic "pure love energy" will definitely turn into the best blessing on the occasion of the arrival of the New Year, reaching the deep heart of every audience and bringing the most unforgettable viewing experience.

The film Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Bright Stars is directed by Feng Wang, produced by Wang Chen, directed by Chen Xiaoming and Zhang Pan, written by Zhang Pan, Duan Yule, Wang Yichao and Chen Xiaoming, starring Qu Chuxiao and Karlina, and starring Jinna and Jiang Yunlin. The film is being filmed, and I look forward to meeting the national audience for the New Year.

　　According to the WeChat WeChat official account news of the Ministry of Transport, there were moderate to heavy rains in parts of northern Hebei, southwestern Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, western Sichuan and western Yunnan from 20: 00 on June 7 to 20: 00 on June 8, among which there were heavy rains or heavy rains in parts of southern Fujian, southern Yunnan, southeastern Guangdong and southwestern coastal areas. There are thunderstorms in Beijing, Tianjin, northern Hebei, northern Liaoning, north-central Shandong, southwestern Jiangxi, central Hainan, southern Ningxia, northeastern Qinghai and southeastern Tibet. In addition, there are fogs in southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, central Jiangxi, southeastern Hubei, northeastern Hunan, central and northeastern Sichuan Basin.

　　Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway (G4) Fogang, Guangdong — Guangzhou — Shenzhen section

　　Guangzhou-Australia Expressway (G4W) Guangzhou — Zhongshan, Guangdong — Zhuhai — Macau section

　　Shenhai Expressway (G15) in Lianjiang, Fujian, Fuzhou — Xiamen, Fujian — Shanwei, Guangdong — Guangzhou section, Foshan, Guangdong — Yangjiang — Maoming — Zhanjiang section

　　Chang-Shen Expressway (G25) the boundary between Fujian and Guangdong — Meizhou, Guangdong — Heyuan — Huizhou — Longgang section

　　Daguang Expressway (G45) in Longnan, Jiangxi, Conghua, Guangdong — Guangzhou section

　　Longhe Expressway (G4511) Longnan, Jiangxi — Heyuan section of Guangdong Province

　　Erguang Expressway (G55) Sanshui, Guangdong — Guangzhou section

　　Baomao Expressway (G65) in Cenxi, Guangxi

　　Fuyin Expressway (G70) Fuzhou — Nanping, Fujian — Jiangleduan

　　Lanhai Expressway (G75) Qinzhou, Guangxi — North Sea — The boundary section of Guangxi and Guangdong Province and the section in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province.

　　Qindong Expressway (G7511) Qinzhou, Guangxi — Fangchenggang section

　　Shantou-Kunming Expressway (G78) Jieyang, Guangdong — Meizhou section

　　Guangzhou-Kunming Expressway (G80) in Guangzhou and Sanshui in Guangdong — Zhaoqing — Yunfu section, Anping, Guangxi — Cenxi section

　　Kunmo Expressway (G8511) in Pu ‘er, Yunnan, Simao, Yunnan — Xiaomengyangduan

　　Pearl River Delta Ring Road (G94) in Zhuhai, Guangdong, Jiangmen, Guangdong, Dongguan, Guangdong — Shenzhen whole line

　　Hainan Ring Road (G98) in Haikou, Sanya in Hainan, Sanya in Hainan — Dongfang section and Haikou section

　　Guanghui Expressway Guangzhou — Huizhou section of Guangdong province

　　Doumen, Guangdong, the western coastal expressway — Haiyan — Yangjiang section

　　Haiwen Expressway in Haikou and Hainan Wenchang.

　　Section of National Highway 104 in Fuzhou

　　Longnan, Jiangxi, National Highway 105 — Guangzhou section, Shunde, Guangdong — Zhuhai section

　　Guangdong Miaodun on National Highway 106 — Fogang — Guangzhou section

　　National Highway 107 Qingyuan Guangdong — Guangzhou section, Guangdong Dongguan road section

　　National Highway 111 in Guojiatun, Hebei Province

　　National Highway 205 Nanping Fujian — Meizhou, Guangdong — Heyuan — Guangzhou section

　　Searching for Wu in Jiangxi on National Highway 206 — Meizhou, Guangdong — Jieyang — Shantou section

　　207 national highway Guangxi Cenxi — Guangdong Xinyi — Huazhou — Suixi section, Xuwen, Guangdong — Haian section

　　National Highway 209 in Zhanghuang, Guangxi — Hepu — Beihai section

　　213 National Highway Yunnan Pu ‘er — Simao section

　　National Highway 223 in Haikou and Sanya, Hainan.

　　National Highway 224 in Haikou and Sanya, Hainan.

　　National Highway 225 Hainan East — Meishan — Sanya section

　　Fuzhou, National Highway 316 — Nanping section of Fujian

　　National Highway 319, Xiamen, Fujian — Zhangzhou — Longyan — Changting section

　　National Highway 321 Guangzhou — Zhaoqing, Guangdong — Deqing section and Guangxi Taiping section

　　Section of National Highway 323 in Pu ‘er, Yunnan

　　Fuzhou, National Highway 324 — Quanzhou, Fujian — Zhangzhou — Shantou, Guangdong — Lufeng section, Guangdong Huidong domestic section, Guangdong Boluo — Zengcheng Section and Guangzhou — Yunfu section in Guangdong and Cenxi in Guangxi — Yulin — Xingyeduan

　　Heshan, Guangdong, National Highway 325 — Yangjiang — Zhanjiang — Qinzhou section of Guangxi

　　The main sections affected by thunderstorms are:

　　Jingha Expressway (G1) Xianghe, Hebei — Tianjin Baodi Section and Hebei Lulong — Funing — Qinhuangdao section, Liaoning Liaozhong — Shenyang — Tieling section, Liaoning Changtu domestic section

　　Beijing-Shanghai Expressway (G2) Langfang, Hebei — Tianjin — Cangzhou section

　　Beijing-Taiwan Expressway (G3) Langfang, Hebei — Tianjin — Cangzhou section

　　Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway (G4) Beijing — Hebei Gaobeidian section

　　Beijing-Kunming Expressway (G5) Beijing — Hebei Gaobeidian section

　　Beijing-Tibet Expressway (G6) Beijing — Zhangjiakou, Hebei — Huai ‘an Section, Qinghai Minhe — Ledu — Xining section

　　Jingxin Expressway (G7) Beijing — Zhangjiakou, Hebei — Huaian section

　　Danfu Expressway (G1113) in Shenyang

　　Shenji Expressway (G1212) Shenyang — Fushun section of Liaoning province

　　Shenyang section of Shenhai Expressway (G15)

　　Rongwu Expressway (G18) Shandong Kenli — Hebei Huanghua — Tianjin — Xu Shui section

　　Huangshi Expressway (G1811) Huanghua, Hebei — Cangzhou section

　　Qingyin Expressway (G20) Zibo — Zouping section

　　Qinglan Expressway (G22) Zhucheng, Shandong — Yiyuan — Laiwu section

　　Changshen Expressway (G25) Zunhua, Hebei — Tianjin — Qingzhou section of Shandong province

　　Xinlu Expressway (G2511) Liaoning Xinmin Domestic Section

　　Daguang Expressway (G45) Chengde, Hebei — Luanping section and Miyun in Beijing — Beijing — The border section of Beijing-Hebei Province and Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province — Nankang section

　　Fuyin Expressway (G70) Ninggan Provincial Boundary — Guyuan section of Ningxia

　　Hainan Ring Road (G98) Hainan Ding ‘an — Qionghai — Wanning Section and Changjiang River in Hainan — Baimajing — Lin’ gao section

　　Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway Langfang, Hebei Province — Tianjin — Tanggu whole line

　　Tianjin-Jilin Expressway Tianjin — Baodi — Jixian section

　　Xuanda Expressway Hebei Xuanhua — Yangyuan section

　　Tanggang Expressway Tangshan, Hebei Province — Luannan section

　　Baojiang Expressway Hejian, Hebei Province — Cangzhou section

　　Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, a coastal expressway — Funing section

　　Binbo Expressway Binzhou Shandong — Zibo section

　　National Highway 101 Beijing — Chengde, Hebei — Pingquan Section and Taojiatun, Liaoning — Shenyang section

　　National Highway 102 in Sanhe, Hebei Province, Shenyang — Tieling, Liaoning — Changtu section

　　National Highway 103 Beijing — Tianjin — Tanggu whole line

　　National Highway 104 Beijing — Tianjin — Cangzhou section of Hebei province

　　National Highway 105 Beijing — Tianjin — Cangzhou section of Hebei province and Ganzhou section of Jiangxi province — Jinjiduan

　　National Highway 106 Beijing — Hejian section of Hebei province

　　National Highway 107 Beijing — Zhuozhou, Hebei — Gaobeidian section

　　National Highway 108 Beijing — Boundary section of Beijing-Hebei province

　　No.109 National Road, Hebei Huashaoying — Yangyuan Section, Qinghai Minhe — Xining — Huangyuan — Daotanghe section

　　Section of National Highway 110 in Beijing and Huailai, Hebei — Zhangjiakou — Huaian section

　　National Highway 111 Beijing — Fengning section of Hebei province and the domestic section of Hebei paddock.

　　National Highway 112 in Xuanhua, Hebei, and Fengning, Hebei — Tangshan section, Tianjin — Bazhou, Hebei — Gaobeidian section, Caogoubao section in Hebei Province, and Huashaoying in Hebei Province — Deep well — Xuanhua section

　　Tonghua, Jilin, National Highway 201 — Huanren section of Liaoning province

　　National Highway 202, Qingyuan, Jilin — Fushun, Liaoning — Shenyang section

　　National Highway 203, Kangping, Liaoning — Faku — Shenyang section

　　Section of National Highway 205 in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province and Tangshan, Hebei Province — Tianjin Ninghe River, Tianjin — Wudi section in Shandong and Gaocheng in Shandong — Zhoucun — Laiwu — Mengyin section

　　206 National Highway in Zhucheng, Shandong, Guangchang, Jiangxi — Shicheng — Ruijin section

　　Taibus Banner in Inner Mongolia, 207 national highway — The boundary section of Mongolia and Hebei Province and the section in Wanquan, Hebei Province.

　　Xining, National Highway 214 — Qinghai Gonghe Section and Tibet Uqi — Qamdo section, Tibet Zuogong — Mangkang section

　　Sanmenpo, Hainan, National Highway 223 — Qionghai — Wanning section

　　Hainan Qiongzhong National Highway 224 — Wuzhishan section

　　Danzhou, Hainan, National Highway 225 — Changjiang section

　　Xining, National Highway 227 — Datong section of Qinghai

　　National Highway 304 Shenyang — Xinmin section of Liaoning province

　　Hebei New Village, National Highway 307 — Huanghua — Cangzhou section

　　Section of National Highway 308 in Zibo, Shandong Province

　　National Highway 309, Qingzhou, Shandong — Zibo Section and Guyuan, Ningxia — Xiji — Ninggan provincial boundary section

　　Pingliang, Gansu, National Highway 312 — Longde section of Ningxia

　　Xining, National Highway 315 — Huangyuan section of Qinghai

　　National Highway 317 Changdu, Tibet — Uzzi-like member

　　Batang, Sichuan, National Highway 318 — Mangkang, Tibet — Zuogong section and sections in Lhasa

　　National Highway 319 Jiangxi Ruijin — Ningdu — Yinkeng section

　　National Highway 323 Jiangxi Ruijin — Ganzhou — Dayu section

　　The main sections affected by fog are:

　　Beijing-Shanghai Expressway (G2) in Shanghai

　　Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway (G4) Yueyang, Hunan — Kaihui section

　　Shenhai Expressway (G15) in Shanghai, Jiaxing in Zhejiang and Yandang in Zhejiang — Yueqing section

　　Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway (G42) Shanghai — Kunshan section in Jiangsu, Liangping section in Chongqing, Nanchong in Sichuan — Suining — Dayingduan

　　Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway (G50) in Shanghai and Huangshi in Hubei.

　　Shanghai-Kunming Expressway (G60) Shanghai — Jiaxing section of Zhejiang and Nanchang — Xinyu section of Jiangxi province

　　Baomao Expressway (G65) in Dazhou, Sichuan Province

　　Fuyin Expressway (G70) in Nanchang, Jiangxi and Huangshi, Hubei.

　　Xiamen-Chengdu Expressway (G76) Luzhou, Sichuan — Neijiang — Zizhong section

　　Chongqing-Kunming Expressway (G85) Longchang, Sichuan — Neijiang — Zigong section

　　Hangzhou Bay Link (G92) Shanghai — Jiaxing section of Zhejiang province

　　Chengdu-Chongqing Ring Road (G93) Suining, Sichuan — Chongqing Tongnan — Tongliang section

　　Yanjiang Expressway in Taicang, Jiangsu Province

　　Su-Kun-Tai Expressway Kunshan, Jiangsu — Taicang section

　　Shanghai-Zhejiang Provincial Boundary of Shenjiahu Expressway — Jiaxing section of Zhejiang province

　　National Highway 104 in Yueqing, Zhejiang Province

　　National Highway 105 Nanchang — Fengcheng, Jiangxi — Zhangshu section

　　National Highway 107, Linxiang, Hunan — Cloud creek — Xinshi section

　　National Highway 204 Taicang Jiangsu — Jiading, Shanghai — Shanghai section

　　Section of National Highway 210 in Dazhou, Sichuan

　　National Highway 212 Nanchong, Sichuan — Sichuan-Chongqing provincial boundary section

　　National Highway 312 Shanghai — Kunshan section of Jiangsu province

　　Section of National Highway 316 in Nanchang and Daye, Hubei — Ezhou section

　　National Highway 318 Shanghai — Qingpu section in Shanghai, Liangping section in Chongqing, Nanchong in Sichuan — Suining — Lezhiduan

　　National Highway 319 in Lezhi, Sichuan Province

　　Section of National Highway 320 in Shanghai, Jiaxing, Zhejiang — Tongxiang section and Nanchang section

　　Naxi, Sichuan, National Highway 321 — Neijiang — Sichuan zizhong section

Tesla CEO Musk started his unannounced trip to China on 28th. His private business jet was recorded by the flight tracking website until it arrived at Beijing Capital International Airport that afternoon. During this visit, Li Qiang, Prime Minister of the State Council, China, met Musk at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, praising Tesla’s success in the China market as a model of Sino-US economic and trade cooperation, and reiterating that China will continue to welcome the participation and contribution of foreign-funded enterprises, and its huge market will remain open to the outside world. Musk’s visit was at the invitation of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, during which he also met with Ren Hongbin, president of the Council for the Promotion of International Trade. According to Reuters, Musk’s visit to China aims at promoting the application of Tesla’s fully automatic driving (FSD) system in China, and hopes to get approval to transmit the vehicle driving data in China to foreign countries for the training of autonomous driving algorithms. At present, according to regulatory requirements, all driving data collected by Tesla in China since 2021 are stored in Shanghai and not transferred to the United States. Musk predicted earlier that FSD technology would be provided to users in China. Experts pointed out that the complex traffic environment and high density of pedestrians and bicycles in China provided valuable data for optimizing intelligent driving algorithm.

Musk’s trip to China was immediately followed by his announcement that he would postpone his visit to India. He originally said that he could not make it because of his company’s busy business. Indian media widely reported this contrast, stressing that Musk chose to visit China when Tesla’s plan to build a factory in India was unclear.

It is worth noting that Musk’s visit to China coincided with his stay in auto china. Although Tesla didn’t participate in the exhibition, Musk conveyed his delight in the progress of electric vehicles in China through video interview after his arrival, and predicted the trend of full electrification of vehicles in the future. At the same time, Mary Bola, CEO of American General Motors, also made a low-key appearance at the Beijing Auto Show, showing that the international auto industry is highly concerned about the China market.

　　The favorable policies are intensively released, and the power exchange mode will take off in 2024.

　　With the popularization and promotion of new energy vehicles, as one of the ways to supplement energy, the power exchange mode has also been supported by the policy.

　　At the National Conference on Industry and Informatization held at the end of 2023 (December 21st), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology clearly pointed out that in 2024, it is necessary to support the development of new energy vehicles’ electricity exchange mode and do a good job in the pilot area of full electrification of vehicles in the public domain.

　　In fact, looking back on 2023, it is not difficult to find that both the national level and local governments have issued a series of support policies to promote the construction of power exchange stations and the promotion of power exchange vehicles, which undoubtedly added new kinetic energy to the accelerated development of power exchange mode in 2024. This paper sorts out and summarizes the electricity exchange policy introduced in 2023 for the reference of the industry.

　　country

　　Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: Support the development of new energy vehicle power exchange mode in 2024.

　　On December 21st, the National Conference on Industry and Informatization was held in Beijing. The meeting stressed that in 2024, we should focus on high-quality development, highlight key points, grasp the key points, and do a good job in 12 key tasks. These include boosting large-scale consumption of new energy vehicles and electronic products. Deepen the integration of production and operation, and do a good job in ensuring the service of key foreign-funded projects in manufacturing.Support the development of new energy vehicle power exchange mode, and do a good job in the pilot area of comprehensive electrification of vehicles in the public sector.We will launch a pilot program of intelligent networked vehicle access and road traffic, and promote the scale application of Beidou and the development of satellite Internet.

　　Seven departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, encourage the application of new energy vehicle power exchange mode.

　　On September 1st, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven departments issued the Work Plan for Steady Growth of Automobile Industry (2023-2024), which pointed out that new energy vehicles should be organized to go to the countryside, enterprises should be encouraged to develop more advanced and applicable models, and the consumption potential in rural areas should be fully tapped. Encourage the application of new energy vehicle power exchange mode, and promote the deep integration and development of new energy vehicles and energy.

　　National Development and Reform Commission: Continue to promote the formulation of relevant standards for power exchange infrastructure.

　　On July 20th, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments jointly issued "Several Measures on Promoting Automobile Consumption". Measures require strengthening the construction of supporting facilities for new energy vehicles. Continue to promote the formulation of relevant standards for power exchange infrastructure to enhance compatibility and versatility. Accelerate the popularization and application of power exchange mode, actively carry out the pilot of vehicle power exchange mode in the public domain, and support the construction of charging and replacing infrastructure in urban bus stations. Encourage qualified cities and highways and other traffic trunk lines to accelerate the construction of power exchange stations.

　　Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: Support business model innovations such as power exchange, financial leasing and "separation of vehicles and electricity"

　　On February 3, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other eight departments jointly issued the Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Fully Electrified Vehicles in the Public Sector. The notice is clear, scientifically and reasonably formulate the promotion target of new energy vehicles, carry out diversified scene applications according to local conditions, encourage the promotion and application of new energy heavy trucks in specific scenes such as short-distance transportation, urban construction logistics and mines, accelerate the scrapping and updating of old vehicles into new energy vehicles, and accelerate the promotion of vehicles in the public domain. Fully electrified. Support business model innovations such as power exchange, financial leasing, and "separation of vehicles and electricity".

　　place

　　Guangzhou: Layout a batch of power exchange infrastructure ahead of schedule, and actively declare the national pilot city for power exchange.

　　On December 22nd, Guangzhou Development and Reform Commission issued the Medium and Long-term Development Plan of Guangzhou Automobile Industry (2023-2035). The document proposes to encourage enterprises to study and formulate highly compatible power exchange standards, speed up the popularization and application of power exchange modes, lay out a number of power exchange infrastructures in advance, and actively declare national pilot cities for power exchange.

　　Xinyang, Henan Province: Carry out the special construction action of electric vehicle power exchange facilities

　　On November 8, the Xinyang Municipal Government of Henan Province issued a notice on the "Three-year Action Plan for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Construction in Xinyang City (2023-2025)".

　　The notice pointed out that special construction actions for electric vehicle power exchange facilities should be carried out. Support new energy vehicle manufacturers to carry out group-type and large-scale power exchange station construction, implement the sales mode of "separation of vehicles and electricity", and promote the standardized construction and operation of power exchange stations; Support all localities to explore the construction of demonstration cities for power exchange in the fields of public transportation, mines, muck and sanitation, strengthen the dynamic monitoring of vehicles and power batteries in power exchange mode, and improve the level of safe operation. By 2025, the city has built a total of 5 power stations.

　　Yancheng, Jiangsu Province: Support the construction and layout of special power exchange stations around the application of ports, public transportation and urban transshipment.

　　On October 26th, Yancheng Municipal Government issued the "Implementation Opinions on Further Promoting the Healthy Development of Electric Vehicle Charging (Replacement) Infrastructure in the City". The document pointed out that the application of power exchange mode should be promoted, focusing on the application of ports, public transportation, urban transshipment and other scenarios, supporting the construction and layout of special power exchange stations, and accelerating the exploration and promotion of vehicle-electricity separation mode.

　　Shenzhen: Support the pilot of power exchange mode.

　　On September 15th, the Shenzhen Municipal Development and Reform Commission issued "Several Measures for Promoting Consumption in Shenzhen", which proposed to support the pilot project of new energy vehicle power exchange mode. Take the lead in piloting new energy replacement vehicles in heavy trucks and other fields, and subsidize heavy trucks that meet the pilot conditions. Encourage social capital to invest in the operation of the new energy vehicle general demonstration station, and support it in terms of land use, approval and operation.

　　Henan: By 2025, 100 power exchange stations will be built in the province.

　　On August 15th, the General Office of the People’s Government of Henan Province issued the "Three-year Action Plan for the Construction of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in Henan Province (2023-2025)", which proposed to carry out special construction actions for electric vehicle power exchange facilities. Support new energy vehicle manufacturers to carry out group-type and large-scale power exchange station construction, implement the sales mode of "separation of vehicles and electricity", and promote the standardized construction and operation of power exchange stations; Support all localities to explore the construction of provincial-level demonstration cities for power exchange in the fields of public transportation, mines, muck, sanitation, etc. Relying on the monitoring and management platform of new energy vehicles, strengthen the dynamic monitoring of vehicles and power batteries in power exchange mode, and improve the level of safe operation. By 2025, 100 power stations will be built in the province.

　　Tianjin: Actively build various facilities such as charging and replacing electricity, filling gas and hydrogenation.

　　On August 7th, Tianjin Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee and Municipal Development and Reform Commission issued the Implementation Plan of Tianjin’s Urban Infrastructure Construction in the 14th Five-Year Plan. The plan pointed out that the construction of energy stations for new energy vehicles should be vigorously promoted. Comply with the requirements of the development of new energy vehicles, actively build various facilities such as charging and replacing electricity, refueling and hydrogenation, and strengthen the operation supervision of refueling and hydrogenation substations.

　　Jiangxi: Explore new modes such as separation of vehicles and electricity.

　　On July 12th, the People’s Government of Jiangxi Province issued the Action Plan for the Modernization of New Energy Industry Chain in Jiangxi Province (2023-2026). The plan mentioned that the infrastructure construction of charging and replacing new energy vehicles with charging as the main and replacing electricity as the auxiliary should be promoted, and new modes such as separation of vehicles and electricity should be explored.

　　Sichuan: further promote the pilot application of new energy vehicle power exchange mode (heavy truck characteristic category)

　　On July 7, the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and the Sichuan Provincial People’s Government issued the Opinions on Supporting Yibin to Build a Pioneer Zone of Ecological Priority, Green and Low-carbon Development, proposing to implement the "Electric Yibin" action, support the construction of a comprehensive electric pioneer zone for vehicles in the public domain, and further promote the pilot application of new energy vehicles (heavy truck characteristics).

　　Chengdu: By 2025, 3,000 power exchange stations will be built.

　　On June 25th, the Office of the Leading Group for Building a Powerful Manufacturing City in Chengdu issued the notice of Chengdu New Energy and Intelligent Networked Automobile Industry Development Plan (2023-2030), proposing that by 2025, the deployment of new infrastructure will be accelerated, and 3,000 power exchange stations and 160,000 charging piles will be built.

　　Fujian: Building a Benign Business Model of Power Exchange

　　On June 5, the Fujian Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology and other ten departments jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of" Electric Fujian "(2023-2025)", which pointed out the development of battery leasing. Support power battery leasing enterprises to become bigger and stronger, and radiate to the whole country. For power battery leasing and other businesses in the purchase and use, the rated capacity of power batteries will be subsidized according to 30 yuan/kWh, and the maximum subsidy fund for three years will be 100 million yuan. Encourage power battery manufacturers to take the lead in setting up various types of consortia to jointly create a benign business model of power exchange, and promote its application in the fields of new energy vehicles, electric ships, new energy construction machinery and agricultural machinery.　

　　Hohhot: By 2025, 60 power stations will be built.

　　On May 10th, Hohhot Bureau of Industry and Information Technology issued the Implementation Plan for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles and High-quality Industrial Development in Hohhot (2023-2025). It is mentioned that by 2025, the penetration rate of new energy vehicles will reach more than 20%, the number of new energy vehicles registered in the city will reach about 60,000, and a total of 20,000 charging piles and 60 power station replacement piles will be built. The integrated intelligent multi-function station of "light storage, charging and discharging" and "charging and replacing electricity" will be built according to local conditions, and the ratio of vehicles to piles will reach 3: 1, which basically meets the service demand of charging and replacing electricity for new energy vehicles.

　　Chengdu: carry out business model innovations such as separation of vehicles and electricity and exchange of electricity.

　　On March 10th, the General Office of Chengdu Municipal People’s Government issued the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Development of New Energy Vehicle Industry in Chengdu", which proposed to encourage state-owned platform companies to take the lead in cooperating with upstream and downstream enterprises in industrial chains such as complete vehicles, power batteries, new power systems and charging and replacing equipment, purchase new energy vehicles in bulk, and carry out business model innovations such as leasing, vehicle-electricity separation, power exchange and BOT (build-operate-transfer) to help promote new energy vehicles in various fields. By 2025, 3,000 charging and replacing power stations will be built. For the power exchange facilities included in the pilot scope, the construction subsidy will be given according to 300 yuan/kW, and the maximum operating subsidy of 200,000 yuan will be given to a single station according to 0.2 yuan/kWh every year.

　　At the same time, encourage and support industrial alliances to organize units such as complete vehicles, power batteries, intelligent systems, charging and replacing equipment, operations, finance, etc. to formulate group standards such as vehicle selection and application of replacement modes in sub-sectors.

　　Harbin: 100,000 yuan will be added to each power station.

　　On March 6th, Harbin officially promulgated the Detailed Rules for Supporting the Construction and Operation of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure, which clearly stated that the maximum amount of temporary subsidy for charging facilities construction projects applying for central funds should not be higher than 60% of the purchase price of charging equipment, and the specific subsidy standard should be determined after comprehensive balance between the total amount of subsidy funds and the total amount of qualified charging facilities. 100,000 yuan will be added to each replacement station in the power station.

　　Shanghai: We will explore the sharing mode of power exchange service in advantageous areas.

　　On February 24th, the General Office of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Government issued a notice on "Implementation Opinions on Further Promoting the Construction of Charging and Replacing Infrastructure in this Municipality", which clearly stated that it would explore the sharing mode of power exchange services in advantageous areas. Accelerate the formulation of local standards such as the construction of power-changing vehicles, power-changing equipment and power-changing stations, break down the barriers to the application of power-changing technology across brands and vehicles, and promote the formation of unified power-changing standards in major application areas such as special vehicles and passenger cars. Strengthen technical research, and study and lay out special-purpose vehicle sharing power exchange stations around short-distance and high-utilization scenarios such as ports, logistics and sanitation. Explore the sharing mode of electricity exchange between taxis, network cars and private cars in cities, and encourage the construction of integrated sharing stations for charging and exchanging electricity.

　　(This article is from Gasgoo, Gasgoo)

　　The recent changes in the real estate market attract people’s attention.

　　Previously, house prices showed a downward trend, and the "inflection point theory" surged; Recently, various places have introduced real estate "rescue" policies, and whether the house price has stopped falling has become the focus. China Bank Institute of International Finance recently released a research report saying that the domestic real estate market will turn from the current "stagflation" to the downward stage dominated by cyclical factors. It is estimated that in the next two years, the national housing prices will drop by 10%, and the highest drop may reach 30%. According to the announcement of the Ministry of Finance on October 22nd, since yesterday, the tax policy of individual housing transactions has been adjusted to reduce the taxes and fees for housing transactions.

　　What is the future trend of the real estate market? Will house prices fall further and how long will the market adjustment last? Yi Xianrong, a well-known economist and researcher at the Institute of Finance of China Academy of Social Sciences, visited the live broadcast room of Guangzhou Daily Beijing News yesterday to comment on the housing market’s "bailout" and property prices, and exchanged views with netizens.

　　Bank loss-making business

　　May not actively implement the New Deal.

　　Despite the turbulent arguments about the "turning point" of the housing market, Yi Xianrong said that no one around him would buy a house, because the real estate market still needs to be adjusted, and it is best not to act casually without seeing the situation clearly.

　　Then, does the recent new government policy for the real estate market help the real estate market to "pick up"? Yi Xianrong, for example, said, "The recently introduced policy is such a concept, assuming that the base point of our house price is now 100, then, in fact, the psychological price for residents to buy a house is about 30~40. The government’s policy is actually to help the people reach the basic point of 100. The policy tone is to encourage consumers to buy a house, but the ladder is too short and may only climb five points. "

　　In addition, he also said that another key issue is that the new policy looks very good, interest rates and credit are very favorable. For residents who buy the first house, the mortgage interest rate is lowered by 0.7, but the cost interest rate of banks is higher than 0.7. This means that the more banks do mortgage losses, the more they lose. Although this is a good thing for ordinary people, it is a question whether banks are willing to do it.

　　This round of housing prices fell.

　　Has little to do with the subprime mortgage crisis.

　　The subprime mortgage crisis in the United States has caused the global economy to encounter downside risks. Is this macroeconomic environment an important reason for the decline in housing prices? Yi Xianrong believes that the decline in China’s real estate prices has little to do with the US subprime mortgage crisis.

　　"The main reason for this round of housing prices is that in the past few years, the government’s goal for the development of the real estate market was not clear, and the speculation in the real estate market and the demand for buying houses overlapped. Due to the low loan interest rate and few restrictions on buyers, many investors are desperately speculating, which eventually leads to soaring prices. "

　　Yi Xianrong said that the most crucial point is that real estate developers should reduce profits so that most ordinary people can afford to buy houses. Only when houses become popular products and everyone has consumer demand will the market gradually heat up. "Compared with other markets, the real estate market has its particularity. Since there has been a boom period of nearly 10 years, there will probably be a long adjustment period, and this round of adjustment will not be completed within one or two years. Of course, it also depends on the changes in the international economic situation and the economic situation in China.

　　Yi Xianrong believes that the stock market downturn has a greater impact on the real estate market. The sharp decline in the stock index has caused many investors’ property to shrink, and led to a great reduction in the flow of funds to the real estate market. If the stock market cannot be effectively adjusted, it is difficult to change the pattern of the real estate market. "So we must let the stock market have upside." In the last round of housing price increase, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are undoubtedly the three regions that attract attention in China. Among the three regions, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other places adjusted their house prices earlier and faster. Yi Xianrong said that in this round of adjustment, one is because the house prices in this region rose rapidly last year, and the other is because the real estate enterprises in Guangdong have already entered the adjustment cycle. "I don’t think local governments such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen need to intervene in the adjustment of the real estate market."

　　Xi’ an provident fund loan

　　Limit the settlement within 7 days

　　According to the announcement of the Ministry of Finance on October 22nd, since yesterday, the tax policy of individual housing transactions has been adjusted to reduce the taxes and fees for housing transactions. The Ministry of Finance announced on the 22nd that from November 1, 2008, the deed tax rate will be reduced to 1% for individuals who purchase ordinary houses of 90 square meters or less for the first time. Temporary exemption from stamp duty on individual sales or purchase of housing; Temporary exemption from land value-added tax on individual housing sales.

　　According to CCTV reports, the Xi ‘an Housing Provident Fund Management Center of Shaanxi Province recently issued a regulation that individual housing provident fund loans that meet the loan conditions and have complete procedures are limited to seven days. (Zhongxin)

　　You don’t have to pay deed tax to buy a house?

　　The reporter found that it was just a discount for developers in disguise.

　　A few days ago, a real estate developer advertised "zero deed tax" for buying a house. Some citizens have doubts: Is zero deed tax an illegal operation? Can I still get the deed tax invoice? For this reason, the reporter learned from the developers and relevant departments that the original zero deed tax is only a form of disguised discount, not without tax.

　　A few days ago, a special report in the newspaper that said "zero deed tax" attracted the attention of Ms. Li, a citizen. I saw that the home buyers who subscribed for the products of the real estate developer were given a "zero deed tax" discount. For example, if you buy a 95-square-meter three-bedroom apartment, the down payment will be about 270,000 yuan and the deed tax will be about 13,500 yuan before the introduction of the new real estate policy. And participating in the "zero deed tax" activity of real estate developers can immediately reduce the deed tax of 13,500 yuan. In this regard, Ms. Li has a question: "Can the deed tax be reduced or exempted by real estate developers? Is there any invoice for tax exemption? "

　　On October 22, the state issued a new policy of purchasing houses, adjusted the individual purchase policy, and reduced some taxes and fees, among which the deed tax for the first purchase of houses below 90 square meters was reduced to 1%. It can be seen that the state does not have a policy of free deed tax. Then, is the "zero deed tax" activity of real estate developers illegal?

　　"According to laws and regulations, real estate developers have no right to avoid deed tax." Relevant tax officials told reporters that according to the current provisional regulations on deed tax, the units and individuals who bear the transfer of land and housing ownership in China must pay deed tax.

　　The reporter called a real estate company’s real estate for consultation, and the staff who answered the phone explained to the reporter that the so-called "zero deed tax" is actually a form of discount, "that is, we deduct the cost of paying deed tax from the house price. But in fact, you still have to pay the deed tax. " The staff said that developers will not pay the deed tax on their behalf, and buyers should pay the deed tax on their own. "The deed tax invoice is of course there." The person added.

　　Four cases of deed tax reduction and exemption

　　(a) state organs, institutions, social organizations and military units that inherit land and houses for office, teaching, medical care, scientific research and military facilities shall be exempted;

　　(two) urban workers in accordance with the provisions of the first purchase of public housing, shall be exempted;

　　(three) if the house is repurchased due to the loss of the house due to force majeure, the reduction or exemption shall be granted as appropriate;

　　(4) Other items of deed tax reduction or exemption as stipulated by the Ministry of Finance. (Zhao Linlin He Yingsi)

　　Yi Xianrong, a researcher at the Institute of Finance, China Academy of Social Sciences, was named as the "real estate civilian spokesman". He once said that the real estate industry in the mainland is a profiteering industry. "Most of the rich people are doing real estate, and the real estate industry has created a bunch of top rich people at a rapid pace."

　　The stock market has wiped out China’s assets. Basically, all the rich people are in the stock market. Now the stock market has dropped by 80%, and some stocks have dropped by 90%. Do you still have money to buy a house? Definitely not.

　　-Yi Xianrong

Editor: Li Erqing