Recently, overseas media have exposed the latest spy photos of a group of Mercedes -AMG ONE. It is reported that this car uses a lot of F1 racing technology, and it is a racing car that can be legally on the road. At present, the new car has been in the testing stage before mass production, and it will be officially released during the year. Some media speculated that its debut time would be the 2021 Munich Auto Show, which opened in September.

In terms of appearance, Mercedes -AMG ONE continues the design language of the AMG Concept One concept car released by Mercedes-Benz in 2017. From the picture, we can see that the body of Mercedes ·AMG ONE uses super exaggerated aerodynamic design. Mercedes -AMG ONE’s body is very low, and its front face is equipped with a large-sized through air intake grille. With a long and narrow headlight group with sharp eyes, the sporty temperament highlighted by the whole car is very strong. In addition, the fender and hood of the car are equipped with air outlets, while the roof and side of the car are also equipped with air inlets, and the side is equipped with multi-spoke forged wheels. The roof also has a large-sized shark fin-like part. The shape design of the tail is even more exaggerated. In addition to a raised duck tail spoiler, the rear bumper also uses an oversized diffuser, which is full of fighting atmosphere, making people know at a glance that this car is definitely not simple.

As for the interior, some media have photographed a small part before, and it can be seen that the new car is equipped with a steering wheel design similar to F1, which is full of movement, with an independent full LCD instrument and a suspended central control LCD screen, creating a strong scientific and technological atmosphere.

In terms of power, Mercedes -AMG ONE is equipped with a 1.6T turbocharged V6 engine from F1 racing car, and four motors are added to it. Although the engine displacement of this vehicle is small, with the help of the motor, the whole power system of this vehicle can produce more than 1000Ps comprehensive horsepower in generate, while the latest news from foreign media is that the power will reach 1,200 horsepower and the fastest speed can reach 350km/h..

As the top product of Mercedes-Benz high-performance supercar family, Mercedes -AMG ONE has been tested by F1 driver Hamilton before. The new car will be delivered to users this year, with a limited production of 275 vehicles at a price of 2.7 million US dollars (about 18 million RMB), which has been sold out.

　 　　Special feature of 1905 film network The film starring Jackie Chan and a group of Hollywood stars was released in the mainland on February 19th. Although the main appeal of this film is not to restore history, the historical background is still an important part of the film. The repeated invasion of Xiongnu beyond the Great Wall, the mysterious appearance of western troops and various contradictions in the process of national integration are all problems that the Han and Yuan emperors have to face and solve after they acceded to the throne. On the whole, the film’s "entertainment adaptation" of history is well-founded.

　 　　In this film, Jackie Chan plays a Han Dynasty general named Huo An. He meets Roman general Lucius and his small army in the Gobi Desert in the Western Regions. At that time, the border was always invaded by the Huns. Li Rengang, the director and screenwriter, then built an interesting story around three forces: the general of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu and the Roman army. In fact, the real history of this period is also very interesting. During the reign of Emperor Han and Yuan, Wang Zhaojun was sent to the fortress to marry the Huns, crusade against Zhi Zhi Khan, and captured a Roman army. In the west, Caesar and Pompeii clashed with each other, which led to the Roman Civil War. The result of this civil war directly laid the political, economic and cultural structure of the western world in the next 300 years.

There is a certain historical basis for the Roman army to appear on the border of China.

[The legendary disappearing army]

On the border of China, Roman troops were employed by the Han Dynasty to discuss Zhi Zhi Khan.

　 　　In the Western Han Dynasty during the Han and Yuan Dynasties, a mercenary from the Roman Republic did appear, which is probably the historical basis of the plot of Heavenly Generals and Heroes. In 53 BC, crassus, consul general of the Roman Republic, launched a war against Iran. I thought this was a quick battle, but I didn’t expect the Iranian army to panic in the Roman army and crassus was captured and beheaded. In 20 BC, Rome and Iran signed an armistice agreement. At this time, the Roman Republic asked Iran to return the captured army, but the army that broke through from the Iranian encirclement disappeared without a trace.

　 　　For many years, the whereabouts of this 6,000-strong army have been unknown. It wasn’t until 1947 that the English sinologist De Xiaoqian wrote the article "The Strike of Ancient China" that the mystery was solved. In ancient China, Liba referred to the Roman Republic. The "ancient China’s Li-ba-cheng" refers to a city inhabited by Romans that once appeared on Chinese territory. In the biography of Han Chen Tang written by Ban Gu, it is recorded that in 36 BC, a strange army appeared on the road where Chen Tang led more than 40 thousand troops to crusade against Zhi Zhi Khan. This army has "more than 100 infantry, fighting in a fish-scale array" and "guarding the city with heavy wood". According to historians’ interpretation, this defensive formation of "heavy wooden city" fortifications and fish scales with circular shields was only adopted by the Roman army. Historians reasoned that this strange army was a small force that broke through after the failure of the Roman Republic to go to Iran.

　 　　It is speculated that this unit was unable to return to China because the road was blocked by the Iranians when it broke through, so it had to turn to the plateau in Iran and wait for an opportunity to move eastward. Fortunately, they tore a hole in the lax defense line in eastern Iran and migrated to Central Asia to go to Zhizhi. Finally, they were collected by Chen Shang and brought back to China. Of course, this army was not idle after the surrender. They became Chen Tang’s "mercenaries" and made great contributions to the campaign against Zhi Zhi Khan. Later, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty issued a letter to place them at the foot of Zhaomian Mountain (now Yongchang County) in the south of Fanhe County, and put them in the county. In 592 ad. In view of the fact that Liba people have merged with Han people, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty issued a letter to merge Liba County into Fanhe County. At this point, Li Ba built the county for 612 years. In this way, the Liban people in China quietly disappeared in the vicissitudes of history.

The ethnic groups on the border are extremely rich and diverse.

[The famous Silk Road]

The Western Han Dynasty was prosperous, and all ethnic groups joined Zhaojun and went out to make a good knot.

　 　 Although Kung Fu and martial arts are the selling points of "Heavenly Master", Li Rengang still set a tone of national unity and world peace for the film. On the famous "Silk Road", various nationalities gathered and blended here, which surprised the audience at the great national strength and tolerance of the Han Dynasty. The so-called Silk Road refers to the trade route in the northern part of Eurasia, which is in contrast with the ancient tea-horse road in the south. This trade route was first developed by Zhang Qian during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. This action is called "the journey of hollowing out", and the envoys sent by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty reached Alexandria in Egypt as far as today. This is the farthest country reached by the official envoys of the Western Han Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Chao extended the Silk Road again, reaching as far as Rome from Xi ‘an.

　 　 According to historical records, in the Western Han Dynasty, roughly sixteen ethnic minorities, such as Xiongnu, Donghu, Wuhuan, Xianbei, Turkic, Qidan, Rouran and Uighur, were active in the territory of China. The western Han government ensured the overall stability of these ethnic minority areas through certain means such as war, administrative regional setting, intermarriage and trade. These policies make the southwest, south China and southeast China also join the national rule. Although the control over the southern minorities at this time was far less powerful than that in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the military and political obstacles between the central plains and the southern mountainous areas were lifted, which made the south in a stable and orderly environment for a long time in the Han Dynasty and undoubtedly promoted the exchanges between the southern minorities and the central plains.

Zhaojun’s departure from the Great Wall and his relatives contributed to the peaceful coexistence of Han and Xiongnu.

　 　 When it comes to the national integration during the Han and Yuan Dynasties, we have to say that Zhaojun, who is well-known in Chinese, went to the fortress. This allusion tells the story of a maid-in-waiting named Zhaojun who pretended to be a princess of the Han Dynasty and married Uhaanyehe of the Xiongnu. It is said that Zhaojun was very beautiful and natural and graceful. Emperor Han Yuan regretted seeing such a beautiful maid-in-waiting going to marry. During his life in Xiongnu, Wang Zhaojun adapted to the lifestyle there and got along very well with the local people. She not only advised her husband to live in harmony with the Han Dynasty, but also spread the culture of the Han nationality to the Huns. It should be said that the marriage between Wang Zhaojun and Xiongnu is not only a political marriage, but also a cultural integration. Her arrival, in a sense, "assimilated" Huns. Perhaps because of her, the Han Dynasty and Xiongnu lived in harmony for 60 years. After Wang Zhaojun’s death, she was buried in Daqing Mountain controlled by Huns. The Huns built a tomb for her, and later generations called her tomb "Qingzhong" and regarded it as a fairy.

The struggle between Caesar and Pompeii is brilliantly presented in the English drama Rome.

[What happened in the Roman Empire]

There was a "great earthquake" in the Roman Republic. Caesar and Pompeii tore each other apart.

　 　 During the Han and Yuan Dynasties, the whole Han Empire basically presented a thriving scene, while the Roman Republic was not peaceful at the same time. Because of the above-mentioned "Rome was defeated by Iran", a large earthquake in the political circle of the Roman Republic was triggered. In 60 BC, crassus, Caesar and Pompeii, three politically frustrated people, formed the so-called "First Triumphal Alliance". However, these three people, strange bedfellows, have never shared common interests, and this alliance will soon be in jeopardy. After the defeat of the Iranian crusade and crassus’s beheading, the remaining contradictions between the two giants intensified. Caesar’s expedition to Gaul was successful, and he mastered a large number of troops. At the same time, he also got a lot of public support with the book "The Battle of Gaul", and with the huge wealth from Gaul, he gradually stepped onto the peak of strength and power. Under such circumstances, the Senate began to unite with Pompeii, who was left out in the cold, and began to attack Caesar and his henchmen.

　 　 In 50 BC, Pompeii and the Senate made a decision to ask Caesar to surrender his military power and return to China to serve in the following year. In a practical sense, this announced Caesar’s "demotion" and also meant a complete break between Caesar and Pompeii. Caesar, who received this decision, did not buy it. He wrote back to the Senate and Pompeii, asking Pompeii to surrender the military power, otherwise he would not obey the decision of the Senate and would not hesitate to launch a civil war to safeguard his dignity. After receiving the reply, the Senate thought that Caesar had handed in an essay, resolutely refused to follow it, and insisted on their previous decision. Caesar sent an envoy to Rome to mediate, but the envoy was persecuted by Pompeii and the Senate. Knowing this, Caesar was forced to flee to Gaul. The Senate regarded Caesar’s move as a preparation for war, so it declared Caesar a national public enemy. At this point, the civil war broke out in the Roman Republic.

　 　 The civil war in Rome opened a new page in Roman history and made Rome develop from a republic to a new stage of monarchy. When preparing for the war, Caesar carried out the policy of equal rights for residents and Romans in all provinces, which expanded his social foundation and promoted social progress. After the First World War, Rome’s political, economic and social structure became more modern and reasonable, while China would continue to be in a feudal society. Therefore, the Roman civil war that took place during the Han and Yuan Dynasties was barbaric on the surface, but in fact it was a manifestation of progress. Although the Western Han Dynasty was stable and prosperous, it accumulated many social contradictions, and various problems gradually emerged in the next hundred years, which brought even greater disasters.

The original team invited the author Chao Wenshe.

Author | Our Special Invited Author Jiuyu Pavilion

"Chao Wen She" (formerly "We Love History") is the headline signing group media.

Words: 2218, reading time: 6 minutes.

In today’s Internet enterprises, "996" seems to have become a normal state, with employees of both large factories and small enterprises deeply disgusted with it, who go to work at 9: 00 a.m. and get off work at 9: 00 p.m. and work six days a week.

Then, in ancient times, was there such an overtime culture?

First of all, the concept of going to work in ancient times is not necessary in modern times. In ancient times, it was an agricultural society. Generally speaking, only officials, officials, servants and craftsmen working in the government had classes. In other words, if you are an ordinary citizen, you don’t have to consider going to work at all.

business hours

In the Zhou dynasty, officials needed to go to work according to the time when the rooster crowed. Once they heard the rooster crowed, they would arrive at the court.

According to historical records, "the cock crows, and the court is full."

In the pre-Qin period, the crow was the alarm clock of officials, but this time was not very fixed. Therefore, after that, the working time was generally set as Maoshi, that is, from 5 am to 7 am.

According to the Ming Dynasty, you should sign in at Mao’s time and sign out at You’s time, in other words, you should sign in between 5-7 in the morning and sign out between 5-7 in the evening. If you go to work at 5 o’clock and get off work at 5 o’clock, the working time in a day is 12 hours.

During the Hongwu period, Zhu Yuanzhang once stipulated that officials had only one day off every month, which was the fifth day of each month. It is true that the 996 "Fu Bao" is more humane than the working system during the Hongwu period.

Generally speaking, the treatment of ancient scholars and officials was quite good. As the saying goes, learning to be excellent is an official. Although the 12-hour working system is a bit harsh, it is still much better than those servants.

In the feudal autocratic dynasty, servants’ status was very low. They not only needed to go to work on time, but also had long working hours. Fang Bao, a writer in Qing Dynasty, once recalled one of his handmaids, and said, "It’s normal for chickens to crow at night."

The time of the four drums is about 2 am, which means that the maid goes to bed at 2 am and gets up at 6 am, and only rests for 4 hours a day. In addition, this handmaid has no rest day, and this work system can even be understood as "247". The handmaid died at the age of 17 because she worked too long and didn’t have enough rest.

Although the modern 996 working system is somewhat inappropriate, it is still humanized compared with the servants of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, friends who want to cross must understand the working hours of that era, otherwise, they may suffer a big loss.

On the way to work

In modern society, although going to work is a very unpleasant thing, commuting is not very complicated. We have subways, buses, cars and electric cars, which are far away. We can choose public transportation, which is closer, and we can choose to travel by bike.

For ancient officials, on the way to work, it is easy to have accidents. For high-ranking officials in the imperial court, there are usually carriages or guards when the court is in court, and the safety can still be guaranteed, but those ordinary officials can only walk.

Why is walking prone to accidents? The main reason is that when the court was in power, it was still dark. Those high-ranking officials in the imperial court had the privilege to light lamps, but ordinary officials did not have this right.

Before the apocalypse of the Ming Dynasty, there were street lamps in the Forbidden City, and court officials could use the light of the street lamps when they went to court. But when Wei Zhongxian was in power, the street lamps were cancelled. Not only were there no street lamps, but fireworks were also prohibited.

According to historical records, "On the evening of May, everyone goes in secretly, and when they meet, they can’t distinguish it without looking at it."

As a result, there is such a scene. In the early hours of the morning, officials are on the road in a daze. On the road, even if they meet their colleagues, they can’t see them. Sometimes, they will bump into a black eye.

During Wei Zhongxian’s reign, there was an official whose home was far away. One day, when he got up late, he hurried to the hall in a hurry. Unfortunately, because there was no street lamp and the road was slippery, one of them accidentally fell into the river and died!

In the Qing dynasty, there were also laws prohibiting lights, so how should officials go to work? It is true that it is too dangerous to go to work in the dark, so officials have an idea, and that is to borrow the light.

The princes, military ministers and other high-ranking officials in the Qing Dynasty had the privilege of lighting lamps. Therefore, ordinary officials would wait for the procession of these high-ranking officials along the road. When the procession arrived, just like the bus in Yanjiao, Beijing in modern times, everyone flocked to keep up with the procession and then went to court smoothly. In order to prevent falling into ditches and rivers, it is the best way to travel by light.

Late punishment

In modern society, being late is the boss’s worst aversion. If he is much late, he may even be fined. In the ranks of ancient officials, being late is not a trivial matter. Not only will you be fined, but you may also get a board.

In "A Brief Discussion on the Law of the Tang Dynasty", there is a rule that "officials don’t attend without reason", the content of which is how to punish those officials who are late. For example, if an official fails to come for one day, his punishment will be 20 small boards. If he is absent for three days, the crime will be aggravated. If he is absent for 25 days, he will be hit with 100 big boards. If he is absent for 35 days, he will be sentenced to one year in prison. If you work in a border town, you will often be late, and the punishment will be heavier.

Zhao Mengfu, a great painter in the Yuan Dynasty, used to be a doctor of the Ministry of War. At that time, the prime minister was disgusted with the lateness of officials, so he was very strict about attendance. Once, when Zhao Mengfu was late, he was caught by the judge at that time. The judge was already disdainful of the Han people. When he saw Zhao Mengfu late, he pulled him down and beat the board.

Spanking and imprisonment are the penalties for being late. In fact, although the punishment is a bit heavy, it is not too much. After all, as a national public official, he has a great responsibility, and being late is certainly not appropriate.

In addition to spanking and imprisonment, fines are also important. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, officials who were late for no reason would be fined a quarter’s salary, in other words, three months’ salary would be lost if they were late once. In Tang Suzong, officials who were late would be fined one month’s salary.

Officials in the Song Dynasty were generally the best in all dynasties, and the government’s management of officials was relatively loose, but there were also related penalties for being late.

During Song Renzong’s reign, Zhang Yi, the right-hand patrol envoy, reported many officials’ being late for work, leaving early and being absent for no reason. Although Song Renzong had a good temper, he was furious when he heard this. Song Renzong immediately ordered that the officials who were absent without reason should be examined, and those who were found to be true should be dismissed. In other words, even in the relaxed Northern Song Dynasty, being late is not a joke.

To sum up, in ancient times, the requirements for going to work were quite harsh. Officials not only got up earlier than chickens, but also had to take risks to go to work in the dark. If they were late, they would beat the board, or even lose their posts and even go to jail. It can be seen that working in ancient times, especially for ordinary officials, was by no means a pleasant thing. Compared with the ancients, 996 may really be a "blessing"!

References: On the Laws of the Tang Dynasty, The Book of Songs and Tang Huiyao.

Original title: "Did the ancients also have" 996 "? "247" is the norm, and you will get a board when you are late.

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