Many friends said that they had received a call from 10086, and the people on the phone claimed to be mobile staff. In fact, even if the person on the other side of the phone doesn’t take the initiative to introduce us, we will think it is the official staff of the mobile phone, because the phone number 10086 is really special. But I want to remind everyone here that when you receive a phone call that can help you upgrade your package for free, the opposite person is probably not a real staff member.

In fact, this information is leaked, and the other party will call himself a mobile staff member to make a wide range of calls after getting this information. If you upgrade the package, your package fee will definitely be higher than the previous package. At this time, the other party will tell you that they will refund a certain fee in the first few months of the package upgrade. In short, it makes you feel very cost-effective, and some people will give in to the temptation and agree.

According to the former mobile employee, if a user can successfully upgrade 38 yuan’s package to 48 yuan’s package, he can get the commission accumulated to 34 yuan, and if he persuades the user to set up a mobile broadband, he can get 60 yuan again. It should be said that after the user upgrades the package, the relevant salesmen get a commission.

This is expected by everyone, but it is not clear how high the proportion is. However, if you change your 48 yuan package to 38 yuan, you may be fined 200 yuan, which is a bit unbelievable. We sometimes go to the mobile business hall and want to lower the package. Salespeople often prevaricate for various reasons, but we can’t do it in short. This is the main reason!

　　A bear in a scarf, a donkey with eyes rolling, and a doll with a puffer fish stick … … All kinds of handicrafts stand densely together, with colorful wool lying beside them. This is the scene on the workbench of Su Fang, a post-90s worker. Making wool felt by hand is her specialty.

　　Wool felt is a non-woven fabric with good touch and reducibility. Wool felt handwork is the use of wool felt materials to make dolls, dolls, groceries, accessories and other handmade works, which are popular in Europe, America, Japan and other places, and it is still a fresh handmade category in China.

　　Over the past three years, Su Fang has set up stalls and opened studios, given up "making quick money", and devoted himself to building a personal creative brand and pursuing his dreams in starting a business.

　　"Handmaking is what I want to do."

　　Su Fang graduated from Wuhan University of Science and Technology City College in 2012, majoring in environmental art design. When she was in college, she had a soft spot for handcraft. "At that time, I made bags, clothes, fabrics and embroidery."

　　After graduation, as soon as she has leisure time at work, she will still make her own handmade products, and she will always buy all the beautiful materials when she sees them.

　　June 1st, 2014 is a turning point for Su Fang. She took time off to participate in a "Fool’s Market" in the Java Bar on Tianjin Road in Hankou, and met all kinds of handmade people and works. She couldn’t help feeling: "It turns out that doing manual work can also be a job. These people and I live in two worlds completely."

　　After missing two consecutive "Fool’s Fair" due to overtime work, Su Fang realized that his life was limited by the busy bank work. Although I have a lot of income, "this is not the state of life I want." She knows very well that doing manual work "is what she wants to do". Can you develop your interest into a career? With the idea of giving it a try, she quit her job without telling her family and became an independent craftsman, doing manual work in the house she rented every day.

　　In 2016, Su Fang went to Shanghai 1933 Old Square and participated in the market outside the province for the first time. She brought her own work — — A batch of ornaments made of wool felt with embroidery or wool felt with soft pottery. These ornaments attracted the attention of some young people, and many people added her WeChat. At the same time, she also met some companies engaged in the cultural and creative industries and carried out some cooperation. Participating in such a market not only gained confidence, but also let her know some knowledge about the sales of handmade works. "At that time, I learned to calculate the appropriate price of works according to working hours and materials."

　　With the continuous broadening of horizons, the hand-made market in Wuhan can no longer meet the needs of Su Fang’s study, so she spends her travelling expenses and booth fees to attend larger markets in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hefei, Hangzhou and other cities. Su Fang gradually became an insider.

　　Making customized wool felt for pets used to be a major business.

　　"Sasha Vujacic … …” A layer of wool the size of a fingernail, Su Fang pinched and poked a hundred times, and finally made the loose wool become a tight "skin", which was firmly covered on the inner skeleton. This kind of work, Su Fang can do nearly 10 hours on the manual table every day, "like it, so it’s not boring at all".

　　Su Fang brushed the wool on his hand and said that wool has the characteristics of softness and tenacity, and the fiber structure can be closely intertwined; Repeated pricking with a barbed needle at the tip can make the scales on the wool rub tightly and become firm.

　　Out of love for pets and appreciation of foreign artists’ works, in 2017, Su Fang began to learn to make pet works with wool felt. Because of the lack of a guide, her skills are completely self-taught. Without textbooks, she kept looking for foreign books online.

　　Up to now, Su Fang still has a Japanese textbook introducing the works of wool felt pet cats. I don’t know anything about Japanese. "Never mind, just watch the step diagram and learn." Su Fang repeatedly operated and worked out the production skills bit by bit. When she first started practicing, it was common to accidentally poke her finger out of one blood hole after another. Out of love, she often endured the pain and continued to make.

　　Su Fang’s first work was two kittens, which were posted in a circle of friends and were screened by messages such as "cute" and "beautiful". But last year, she tore down these two works because she felt that they were "not good enough". "My current work is very different from the original work, and the comments received at that time were ‘ So cute ’ I don’t want to get such an evaluation. "

　　After getting used to it, the custom-made wool felt for pets has become a major business in Su Fang. Most of the customers are pet lovers, and most of them hope that Su Fang can use wool felt to restore his pet’s appearance as a souvenir. During the production, customers will send photos of their pets’ lives to Su Fang and tell Su Fang the story behind each photo, which also inspired her to create.

　　On one occasion, a customer found her on WeChat more than a month after the work was delivered. The customer told Su Fang that his dog died in a car accident shortly after receiving the work, and every time he saw Su Fang’s wool felt work, it would bring back infinite happy memories. "The customers thanked me for the commemoration, but in my heart, it is because of these stories that I feel that what I have done is meaningful." Su Fang said.

　　In November 2017, Su Fang rented a house in Hankou and started his own studio. In order to promote wool felt handwork, she set up teaching courses at a low price in the studio, and only accepted 20 yuan for one class, and prepared materials. Although many people are interested in wool felt handwork, there are almost no repeat customers who come to class.

　　"Many customers think that making wool felt is very simple. They never want to spend hours sitting there poking and poking, and they can’t sit still. Sometimes they even call me to help them do OEM work." Su Fang said, "I feel that doing things seriously is a respect for it, and the performance of customers makes me feel unhappy." After more than a month, she gave up the idea of starting classes in the studio and spent all her time on her own creation.

　　In October this year, a handicraft exhibition will be held in Beijing, and many famous craftsmen from all over the world and domestic handicraftsmen have been invited. Su Fang was qualified to participate in the exhibition. "This is also a recognition for me, and I am looking forward to it."

　　"I hope every work is completed in an exciting state."

　　It is Su Fang’s initial intention to do manual work by improving technology, constantly surpassing himself and making satisfactory works. In order to keep her original heart, Su Fang gave up the market again and again, because she insisted that "making manual work cannot be equated with making quick money".

　　In 2017, she lived in a large handicraft market in Wuhan and sold her own handmade works. At that time, demand was in short supply, which was a common occurrence. On weekends, works that were ready to be sold for two days were basically snapped up by the first afternoon. When it was good, she could sell more than 10,000 yuan a month. The organizer asked to fill the booth, so she could only make some simple and cheap hair clips and rubber band ornaments to make up for it. Sometimes she even deliberately bid up the price of her work so that it could not be sold and stayed on the booth for a while. "At that time, I felt like an assembly line laborer who rushed to order. Although I made money, I couldn’t learn anything." Su Fang said.

　　In the process of attending fairs and exhibitions everywhere, some companies that took a fancy to the manual commercial value of wool felt approached Su Fang for cooperation, hoping to mass-produce with cheap materials. "The Tao is different." Sapanwood declined.

　　"Many people only pursue visual effects in their works, so they choose to be lazy, use bad materials or cut corners, resulting in soft works. But all my works are solid and there are no pinholes. There is no other way, just spend more time stamps. " In Su Fang’s view, "work should be honest".

　　Two years ago, the customization of wool felt pet works was Su Fang’s main business, accounting for more than half of her income. In this business, the highest turnover is a fully customized pet dog with a unit price of 2000 yuan. In her WeChat address book, hundreds of friends met through this business. However, Su Fang feels that the custom-made business is like "proposition composition", and her personal creative inspiration often has to compromise with customers’ requirements, which makes her lose some enthusiasm for her works.

　　Over time, the unhappy mood is getting stronger: if you continue to make pet works, it will be easier to make money, but the creative inspiration will be limited; If you don’t do it, your income will definitely drop in a short time. This year’s Spring Festival, Su Fang was once very entangled.

　　Finally, she chose the latter.

　　Today, Su Fang works with an agent to sell existing works. Su Fang said: "Wool felt is different from assembly line products, and it is not a doll. It not only has a higher degree of fineness and a better simulation effect, but also includes the painstaking efforts of people. The pricing of several hundred yuan and several thousand yuan is not casually shouted out, and it should be calculated according to the cost of working procedures and materials. " She took out a recently made "Big Wolf" and gave an example to the reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network. In order to pursue the simulation, the wolf’s teeth were made of soft pottery; The skeleton is also made of imported plastic materials, so the limbs and tail can move. This "Wolf" is one of the "Little Red Riding Hood" series works that she cooperated with her friends. The work process is complicated, the production is fine, and the price is around 600 yuan.

　　Su Fang said that wool felt works are still very small, and many people don’t understand the creativity and painstaking efforts made by the handicraftsmen in a work. Sometimes, some customers like it very much, but they think the price is too high to buy it. Nowadays, she sells her works with the mentality of "following fate", and sells them as soon as she can; If you can’t sell it, collect it yourself, because every work is her "love created in an excited state."

　　In May this year, Su Fang sold a set of original works around dolls in 800 yuan, including hats and decorations, which set a record for the turnover of her own design works. Now Su Fang is living a life of "supporting himself" and writing according to his own ideas, and he is satisfied. She said: "There is always a trade-off between life and dreams. If you want to get something, you must give up something." (Author Wei Xuping China Youth Daily China Youth Network reporter Zhu Juanjuan)

1.5 billion! The biggest winner is Han Han.

[Dahe Finance Cube reporter Xu Wei] 1.519 billion yuan in 5 days! "The most crowded in history" came to an end.

On May 4th, the National Film Bureau released data: In 2023, the box office of the May 1st movie was 1.519 billion yuan, and the number of people watching movies was 37.63 million. The top three films at the box office were Unfamiliar with Life (510 million yuan), King of the Sky (470 million yuan) and So Many Years (170 million yuan).

Although it failed to set a new box office record in film history, this year’s May 1st file continued the recovery momentum of the Spring Festival file and became the third highest box office in China film history after 2019 and 2021.

It is worth mentioning that in 2023, the first producers of the first two works of the May 1st box office were Tingdong Film. As the major shareholder of the company, Han Han is undoubtedly the biggest winner in May 1st this year.

The audience delayed admission and the box office failed to meet expectations.

This May Day holiday, the tourism market did not disappoint. According to the data center of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, there were 274 million domestic tourist trips, up 70.83% year-on-year. Domestic tourism revenue reached 148.056 billion yuan, up 128.90% year-on-year.

The booming tourism market has also led to the recovery of hotels, restaurants, aviation and other related industries. Perhaps it is precisely because there are more people who choose to travel abroad, and the film market is slightly deserted compared with crowded scenic spots during this May Day period.

On May 4th, according to the data released by the National Film Bureau, the box office of May 1st (April 29th to May 3rd) in 2023 was 1.519 billion yuan, with 37.63 million people watching movies, and the domestic movie box office accounted for 86.52%. The films Unfamiliar in Life, King of the Sky and So Many Years ranked in the top three at the box office, with box offices of 510 million yuan, 470 million yuan and 170 million yuan respectively.

This "most crowded" May 1st file failed to kill a billion-level head film, and the total box office failed to create a new box office record in film history.

Jin Chao, manager of Shanghai Studios in Henan Oscar Cinema, said frankly in an interview with Dahe Finance Cube: "The early performance of May 1st this year did not meet expectations. The King of the Sky, which was supposed to lead the pre-sale, should be full in prime time, but the attendance rate is average, which is not as good as that of Unfamiliar Life and So Many Years."

It is worth mentioning that "Unfamiliar Road to Life" has become the only dark horse in this year’s May 1st new film. In the pre-sale stage, the film greatly lagged behind "The King of the Sky" and achieved the daily box office overtaking, and won the daily box office crown for three consecutive days in the second half of the schedule with a steady attitude, successfully surpassing "The King of the Sky" to become the May 1st box office champion film.

The situation of "King of the Sky" and "Unfamiliar Road in Life" led by the May 1st file is already like this, and the situation of other films is even less optimistic. "We also want to arrange more films, but we really can’t sell a few tickets, especially Out of Fire and Countdown Love You, which is a bit lame." The staff of a cinema in Zhengzhou spoke to reporters.

In fact, this year’s May 1st gear was "a bluff" and then "a surprise".

Heat before it is reflected. In the pre-screening stage, the number of cat’s eyes wanting to see six new films in May 1st this year has exceeded 100,000, and the popularity before the high screening has driven the total pre-sale box office of more than 200 million yuan.

The audience delayed admission. Excellent pre-sale results did not activate the audience’s enthusiasm for watching movies as scheduled. On the first day of the holiday, the box office was 310 million, which was lower than that in 2018~2021. However, the box office continued to fall in the next two days, and the box office was over 300 million for four consecutive days during the schedule, setting a new record of 300 million days for the May 1st single-day box office.

Chen Jin, a data analyst of Lighthouse Professional Edition, said in an interview with Dahe Finance Cube that although this year’s May 1st file did not surpass the performance of the same period in 2021, it can also be seen that the market warming effect is obvious. "I look forward to the next summer file to continue the good performance of this year’s Spring Festival file and May Day file, and continue to lay a solid foundation for the annual market recovery."

The head film and television company was absent collectively, and Han Hancheng was the biggest winner.

18 new films are clustered in May 1st this year, which is the year with the largest number of new films in the same period over the years, which is enough to show the confidence of film and television companies in refreshing the upper limit of the market this year. Although behind the fierce competition, many head companies in the industry, such as Light, Wanda, China Film and Bona, have entered the market one after another, it is worth noting that the first producer who won the first place in the May 1st box office this year did not have a head film company, and "Unfamiliar Road in Life" and "King of the Sky" were both mainly cast by Shanghai Tingdong Film Co., Ltd.

The major shareholder of Tingdong Film is Han Han, who is also the chairman and general manager of the company, holding 51.56%. Dongyang Alibaba Pictures and Bona Pictures are the second and third largest shareholders.

Holding two popular films, King of the Sky and Unfamiliar Road in Life, Han Han is undoubtedly the biggest winner in May 1st this year.

According to public information, Tingdong Film was established in 2015, and had previously invested in the production of films such as Unexpectedly, Riding the Wind and Waves, Flying Life and Four Seas. In the past two years, Tingdong Film has not only laid out the works directed by Han Han himself, but also frequently cooperated with new directors. In 2021, the company participated in the production of "Make a Famous Man" and became a dark horse at the box office. The film director Liu Xunzi Mo was a newcomer, and this year’s "King of the Sky" was also directed by a newcomer (Liu Xiaoshi).

As a behind-the-scenes boss of Tingdong Film, Han Han has also begun to be re-recognized by fans. "He is no longer the angry Wen Qing."

In the wave of star writers turning to film in those years, Han Han became one of the few directors recognized by the audience and the industry.

In fact, except for King of the Sky and Unfamiliar Road of Life, which are being shown, Tingdong Film has sufficient reserves.

Adapted from the novel "There is only one you between me and the world", "Missing You" is tentatively scheduled to be released in the summer after experiencing copyright disputes and withdrawing files. In addition, Pegasus 2, which has just been put on record, appeared in the pre-screening patch of the cinema.

This year, Tingdong Film also set up "Skin of Life" and "Driving a Meteor". According to the filing information, the former continues to explore the stories of young people in small towns, while the latter is a long-lost science fiction theme.

The May 1 ST file has come to an end. The achievements of King of the Sky and Unfamiliar Road in Life have made Tingdong Film, which is steered by Han Han, take a wonderful and important step. How to grasp new opportunities and deal with new challenges is the problem that Tingdong Film will face.

Editor: Wang Shidan | Review: Zhang Yipeng | Review: Li Zhen | Producer: Wan Junwei

　　[Autohome new car launch] On March 27, the GAC (|) electric welfare version was officially launched.The price is 409,800 yuanThe biggest feature of the car is that it is equipped with the first separate welfare seat in China, which can rotate out of the car and reduce the height. After landing, it can be separated from the mechanism and turned into a seat.

　　Specifically, the second row of passenger side seats in the car is a welfare seat, which can bear 150kg and can be charged in the car, with a battery life of 20km. The welfare seat can not only rotate out of the car and reduce the height, which is convenient for getting on and off, but also can be separated from the mechanism and turned into a wheelchair, which is richer in the scene.

　　In terms of configuration, as a new model, the overall configuration of the car is similar to that of the E9 PRO version, including 18-inch wheels, LED headlights, swan wing cockpit, crystal gear handles, hot and cold cup holders, second-row left-hand cabin seats (with ventilation, heating, 10-point massage), three-zone automatic air conditioning, ADiGO Pilot, 14.6-inch floating central control screen, Bluetooth key, and other configurations.

　　In terms of power, the new car is equipped with a 2.0TM hybrid special engine with a maximum power of 140kW and a maximum torque of 330N · m. The maximum power of the motor is 134kW and the maximum torque is 300N · m; the comprehensive maximum power of the system is 274kW and the maximum torque is 630N · m. The transmission system is matched with the GMC 400 two-speed DHT gearbox, and the acceleration time is 8.8 seconds from 0 to 100km/h. The new car will be equipped with a 25.57kWh battery pack, with a pure electric battery life of 136km under CLTC conditions, a fuel consumption of 6.05L/100km under WLTC comprehensive conditions, and a comprehensive battery life of 1032km. (Wen/Autohome Wang Yin)

Bao Beier’s villain role in the new film "Fighting Black" makes the audience scream "teeth itch". This film is not only full of suspense in the plot, but also shows the unknown side of Bao Beier in the performance. The film tells the theme of eliminating evils. With his excellent acting skills, Bao Beier portrays a complex villain vividly, with constant praise. In the comments of many fans and critics, his performance is called "new height".

In recent years, Bao Beier has always left a humorous and positive image to the audience, and this transformation is refreshing. People not only saw his brand-new villain in the cinema, but also shared the heated discussion and feelings after watching it through social media. Many viewers have said that the past knowledge of Bao Beier has been subverted at this moment. His villain is not only vicious, but also full of emotion, which makes his role vivid and deep.

The film’s shooting team has also received extensive attention. Directors and screenwriters have injected many real social realities into their creative process, striving to reflect life with art, so as to attract the audience’s thinking. The success of the film is not only due to excellent teamwork, but also because of Bao Beier’s unexpected outstanding performance, which makes people see the complexity of the villain in the exciting plot.

It is reported that "Cracking Down on Blackness" has not only achieved good box office results after its release, but also the hot chat on the Internet has driven the heat of the topic. The audience shared their movie-watching experiences through video platforms and social media, and the comment area was full of inquiries and pursuits about Bao Beier. Some netizens even joked that "cracking down on Bao Beier is one of the six things that can’t be provoked".

Under the background of social heated discussion, the film has been well received by professional film critics and ordinary audiences. Many people think that this is not only a wonderful commercial film, but also a profound reflection on social problems. Bao Beier’s performance undoubtedly won him more recognition and expectation.

As the popularity of movies continues to heat up, Bao Beier’s next new projects have attracted much attention. People expect him to continue to challenge more different types of roles, especially in today’s diversified film environment, to break through himself frequently and show more possibilities.

Editor in charge:

Buying a car is for sitting, and comfort configuration plays a very important role. The higher the comfort configuration, the better the consumer experience. What I bring to you today is that it has many highlights. Now let’s follow Xiaobian to see what it has done.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Seal 06 first. The front shape of Seal 06 looks elegant and sporty. The headlights are dignified and the design takes the sports route. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the car side, the car body size is 4830MM*1875MM*1495MM. The car adopts fashionable and dynamic lines, and the car side looks very avant-garde. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of sports. In the design of the rear end, the overall shape of the rear end echoes the front end, and the taillights are very spiritual and very stable.

Sitting in the car, the interior of Seal 06 looks very dynamic and lively, which makes people feel very elegant. The steering wheel of the car is very tough and made of leather, which looks a bit more atmospheric. Take a look at the central control, and decorate it with a 15.6-inch central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and gives people a cool feeling. Let Xiaobian introduce the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable, giving people a very elegant feeling. The car uses leather seats, which are wide and thick, and the overall comfort and wrapping are not bad.

The space in the trunk of Seal 06 is quite satisfactory. If some large objects need to be loaded, the rear seats also support proportional reclining, which is enough for home use. At the same time, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), main driving airbag, co-pilot airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

What’s your main impression of this car after reading the whole article? This car has been introduced almost before, and I believe many users who buy a car have taken a fancy to its comfort and practicality.

As a car enthusiast, I have been paying attention to various brands and models of vehicles. Recently, I finally decided to start with a car, which enjoys a high reputation in the domestic market. After a period of use, I think it does have its own uniqueness. From appearance to interior, from space to power, from control to safety performance, it has performed well.

The shape design is excellent, the lines are smooth and dynamic, and the front face adopts the popular family design style, which looks very recognizable with the angular headlight design. The body lines are concise and capable, and the overall shape is very young and fashionable, giving people a feeling of calm and atmosphere.

Sagitar’s interior design is exquisite and the materials are exquisite. The center console has reasonable layout and convenient operation. The seat is wrapped in leather material and comfortable to ride. The interior of the car is spacious, and there is enough room to stretch both the head and legs. The dashboard is clear and easy to read, and the information is rich and comprehensive, so the driver can grasp the various states of the vehicle at a glance. In addition, sagitar is also equipped with many practical configurations, such as automatic air conditioning, electric sunroof, etc., which greatly enhances the driving experience.

As a model, sagitar has a satisfactory performance in space. Whether it is the space of front and rear passengers or the storage capacity of the trunk, it is enough to meet the daily use needs. In particular, the rear leg space is spacious, and even if you ride for a long time, you will not feel cramped. In addition, the trunk has a large opening, which makes it very convenient to load large items.

Sagitar is equipped with a 1.4T, with a maximum power of 150 HP and a peak value of 250, which is matched with a 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox. This powertrain not only provides sufficient power output, but also ensures good fuel economy. In the actual driving process, sagitar’s dynamic response is rapid, and the acceleration process is smooth and powerful, which can fully meet the driving needs of urban roads and highways.

Sagitar’s steering system is precise and sensitive, and the chassis adjustment is solid and steady. Whether traveling through busy city streets at low speed or driving on wide highways at high speed, it can bring people excellent driving pleasure. In addition, sagitar is equipped with EPS electronic system, which ensures good handling and gives consideration to comfort.

Sagitar’s safety configuration is very complete, and the whole system comes standard with ESP body stability system, TPMS system and child seat interface. High-equipped models have added functions such as blind spot monitoring, which ensures driving safety in all directions. It is worth mentioning that sagitar won a five-star evaluation in the C-NCAP crash test, which fully proved its excellent passive safety performance.

To sum up, sagitar stands out in the same class with its excellent comprehensive performance. Whether you are a young man who pursues fashion trends or a practical home user, sagitar will be a good choice.

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out: "China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and it is in the key period of changing the development mode, optimizing the economic structure and transforming the growth momentum. Building a modern economic system is an urgent requirement for crossing the barrier and a strategic goal for China’s development." 2018 is the first year to implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress. In accordance with the ideas and requirements of high-quality development set by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Central Economic Work Conference, we should concentrate on major events that are beneficial to both the present and the long term, and achieve higher-quality, more efficient, fairer and more sustainable development by improving efficiency, so as to lay a solid foundation for the construction of a modern economic system.

　　First, the basic judgment of economic trends

　　The global economy has moved from "new mediocrity" to "slow recovery", and the external environment has improved. Most of the comprehensive leading indicators of developed economies and emerging market economies have stabilized and improved, indicating that the global economy is gradually coming out of the trough, and the trend of world economy from differentiation to synchronous recovery is more obvious. From the perspective of developed economies, positive factors such as active manufacturing industry, strong financial market, and generally good employment and inflation situation are expected to continue, with major developed economies such as the United States, Japan and Europe heading for 2.0%— The growth range of 2.5% is close. From the perspective of emerging market economies, favorable factors such as warmer trade, improved market investment environment and relatively stable commodity prices are expected to continue, with emerging markets and developing economies heading for 4.0%— The growth interval of 4.5% converges. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have steadily raised their global economic growth forecasts for 2018, and they are also optimistic about China’s economic growth. The global economy has improved more than in 2017, and external demand has accelerated export growth, creating a favorable external environment for China’s economic growth than in the previous two years.

　　Domestic supply and demand have formed a "rebalancing" trend, and the coordination of development has been continuously enhanced. China’s economy has been going down for six consecutive years, but it has always kept running in a reasonable range. From the supply side, the development of traditional industries and emerging industries tends to be more coordinated, industries tend to be stable after de-capacity, the proportion of emerging industries and service industries increases steadily, and their contribution to economic growth increases. It is estimated that the added value of industries above designated size and tertiary industry will increase by about 6.5% and 7.8% respectively in 2018. The growth of the "Troika" on the demand side is more balanced, the reduction of investment growth rate is basically in place, the momentum of consumption upgrading remains unchanged, exports continue to pick up, and the growth rates of the three major demands tend to be synchronized. 1— 2017; In November, investment in fixed assets, total retail sales of social consumer goods and exports increased by 7.2%, 10.2% and 8.0% respectively, down by 1.1 percentage points, down by 0.6 percentage points and accelerated by 15.5 percentage points respectively compared with the same period in 2016. It is estimated that investment in fixed assets, total retail sales of social consumer goods and exports will increase by 8.0%, 10.2% and 7.0% respectively in 2018.

　　The market continues to show a stable phenomenon of moderate prosperity. The overall price level will be moderate and controllable, and the sufficient supply of agricultural products will create conditions for the basic stability of prices. There are not many new price increase factors in industrial products and services, the terminal demand of important commodities is relatively stable, and the pressure of imported inflation is weak. 1— 2017; On average, the producer price (PPI) and consumer price (CPI) in November increased by 6.4% and 1.5% respectively year-on-year, up by 8.4 percentage points and down by 0.5 percentage points respectively compared with the same period in 2016, ending the situation of "expansion and contraction coexisting" for many years. It is estimated that the inflation level (CPI) in 2018 may be slightly higher than that in 2017, and there will be no obvious increase. After a certain degree of fluctuation in the past two years, the market will return to rationality, and the five major markets will maintain a stable operation overall. The production and sales of the automobile market have returned to a stable growth pattern, the "just-needed" and improved demand of the property market are well supported, the stock market has shown signs of "slow cattle", the bond market continues to be calm, and the two-way floating foundation of the RMB exchange rate is relatively solid. The great potential and resilience of China’s economy, supplemented by a good market and price environment, provide a basic guarantee for the economy to maintain a stable and positive development momentum.

　　The macro-policy orientation is moderate, and the sustainability of development is guaranteed. In 2018, we must still adhere to the general tone of steady progress, and the orientation of a proactive fiscal policy and a stable and neutral monetary policy will not change. From the perspective of monetary policy, the era of global monetary policy is basically over, and China’s monetary policy will gradually turn to overall tightening. However, according to changes in the situation, various policy tools will be flexibly used to inject reasonable liquidity into the market. From the perspective of fiscal policy, optimizing fiscal expenditure structure and structural tax reduction are still the policy priorities, and we will still make a fuss about making up shortcomings and reducing costs. In recent years, China has comprehensively promoted the pilot reform of the camp, and the accumulated tax reduction has exceeded one trillion yuan, and investment in short-board areas such as agriculture, transportation, water conservancy, environmental protection and public facilities has been significantly strengthened. In addition, the supply-side structural reform has entered a new stage of paying equal attention to "addition and subtraction", paying more attention to the institutional supply of reform and the coordination and matching of reform, so as to improve efficiency and promote both "stock optimization" and "incremental improvement" of the supply system and promote high-quality economic development. These policies are conducive to accelerating the continuous transformation of old and new kinetic energy in the structural optimization of the economy, and the simultaneous efforts of old and new kinetic energy provide a solid foundation for the economy to maintain a stable and healthy operation. It is estimated that China’s GDP will increase by about 6.8% in 2018, which is basically the same as that in 2017.

　　Second, the outstanding problems in economic operation

　　At present, the structural contradictions that restrict the stable and healthy operation of the economy are still outstanding, and the problem of insufficient development imbalance has not been solved. Mainly in the following six aspects.

　　(A) the real economic benefits are low

　　The profitability of entity enterprises is not strong. At present, the profit rate of main business income of industrial enterprises is only about 6%, which is far lower than the average profit rate of more than 15% in the financial sector, and a large number of enterprises in some industries have been losing money for a long time. In 2017, the profit growth of entities rebounded significantly, but the profit growth rate in the past five years did not reach the 2011 level. Under the double squeeze of internal and external, rising costs and insufficient innovation have become the key factors restricting the transformation and upgrading of entity enterprises.

　　(B) Investment efficiency tends to decline.

　　In the first three quarters of 2017, the total investment in fixed assets in the whole society accounted for 77.3% of GDP. The rapid expansion of investment scale brought about a significant decline in the marginal efficiency of investment, mainly reflected in the substantial increase in the incremental capital output ratio (ICOR). 2007— In 2016, the total amount of capital formation required for new unit GDP increased from 2.21 to 6.11, and the investment cost of creating unit output in China increased by about 2.8 times in the past 10 years. This high investment model is being constrained by the high local government debt and the decline of private investment enthusiasm.

　　(C) Financial services to the real economy is not strong.

　　The imbalance in the allocation of financial resources is mainly manifested in the fact that the main service targets of the financial system dominated by state-owned banks are still state-owned enterprises and large and medium-sized enterprises, and private enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, have been marginalized for a long time. At present, the number of small and micro enterprises in China accounts for more than 75% of the total number of enterprises, but the proportion of credit received is less than 20% for a long time. The problem that funds are divorced from reality is prominent. The main performance is that the manufacturing industry accounts for about 30% of GDP, and the credit funds obtained from financial institutions are less than 20%, while the credit funds are concentrated in real estate, local government financing platforms and other fields, accounting for more than 30% of the total, and some funds are idling within the financial system by adding leverage. The financial organization system, service system and supervision system are imperfect, which seriously restricts its initiative and initiative in serving the real economy.

　　(D) Policy tightening effect may bring economic fluctuations.

　　All localities have strengthened real estate regulation and control policies. In addition, the trend of monetary tightening and environmental protection policies have maintained a high-pressure situation, and the management of financial chaos has become stricter, which may lead to an increase in the risk of fluctuations in the real estate market, the rigid redemption of financial markets has been broken, the problem of difficult financing has become more prominent, and the overall compatibility and coordination of the industrial chain has declined. Resonance effect and chain reaction may lead to changes in social expectations and even trigger panic in some areas.

　　(E) the people’s livelihood security policy is ineffective.

　　The structural contradiction of employment is prominent, the phenomenon of "labor shortage" and "employment difficulty" coexist for a long time, the vocational skills of laid-off workers do not meet the needs of re-employment posts, the number of low-end jobs in traditional industries is reduced, and the shortage of high-skilled talents is more serious; There is a structural mismatch in the employment of college graduates, and the "quantity" and "quality" of employment do not match. The task of getting rid of poverty is very arduous, the cost of getting rid of poverty is higher and more difficult, the stability of getting rid of poverty is not enough, and the risk of returning to poverty due to illness, school and disaster still exists. The pressure of social security fund’s balance of payments has increased, and the areas where the pension fund can’t pay for the current period have increased, and the pressure of pension payment has increased.

　　(six) the impact of external uncertainty still exists.

　　The Trump administration tax reform in the United States has been passed, and it is expected to be implemented in 2018. Britain, France and other countries are also planning large-scale tax reduction policies, which may put continuous pressure on China to attract international capital. The attraction of the United States to the manufacturing industry will squeeze the development space of China’s real economy. Trade protectionism continues to rise, and the United States, Europe, India and other countries and regions have launched "double-opposition" investigations against China, and related actions may trigger other countries to follow suit, which will make it more difficult for China to deal with trade frictions. The geopolitical situation is unstable, and issues such as the Korean Peninsula, Palestine, Israel and Syria continue to ferment, which may affect the construction of the "Belt and Road" and international capacity cooperation.

　　III. Policies and Measures to Achieve the Economic Work Target in 2018

　　The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that promoting high-quality development is the fundamental requirement for determining development ideas, formulating economic policies and implementing macro-control at present and in the future. Considering the short-term, medium-term and long-term convergence of economic objectives and tasks, we should take efficiency improvement as an important starting point of economic work in 2018, focus on major events that are beneficial to both the present and the long-term, achieve higher quality, more efficient, fairer and more sustainable development through efficiency improvement, and lay a solid foundation for the construction of a modern economic system.

　　(1) Reduce costs and burdens for enterprises and improve the real economic benefits.

　　In the past two years, the five major tasks of "three to one, one reduction and one supplement" have achieved remarkable results, which have promoted "stock optimization" and "incremental improvement". At present, the supply-side structural reform has entered a new stage from "subtraction" to "addition and subtraction". To deepen the supply-side structural reform, we should start from the fundamental interests of market players and solve practical difficulties. Vigorously reduce the cost of entity enterprises, increase structural tax reduction, focus on reducing the tax burden level of manufacturing value-added tax, enterprise-related service charges, "five insurances and one gold" payment rate that enterprises are eagerly awaiting, clean up unreasonable hidden costs such as intermediary fees, financial expenses and institutional transaction costs attached to enterprises, deepen the reform of electric power, oil and gas, railways and other industries, and reduce energy consumption and logistics costs. Enhance the innovation ability of entity enterprises. At the macro level, through policy support, we will formulate an action plan for the development of innovative industries, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, improve the soft environment such as market competition and intellectual property protection, implement the policy of protecting property rights, and stimulate entrepreneurship; At the micro level, it helps enterprises in the real economy to use new technologies, new models and new methods, establish modern management systems, improve management and technical level, tap potential and increase efficiency in a market-oriented way, and improve labor productivity.

　　(B) in the "short board" to activate the vitality of private capital, improve investment efficiency.

　　Optimizing the government investment structure and stimulating the vitality of private investment pay equal attention to creating more and higher quality economic output with the same capital investment. We will implement a proactive fiscal policy, increase investment in key areas and weak links such as industrial development shortcomings, industrial development standards, people’s livelihood, environmental protection, reduce budget arrangements for projects with low performance, and increase balanced transfer payments and financial subsidies for difficult areas. We will fight a tough battle against pollution and continue to strengthen investment in ecological civilization construction such as air pollution prevention and control and land greening. Formulate supporting policies and implementation rules for private investment as soon as possible, further relax market access, enhance the willingness of private capital to participate in PPP and other projects, boost private investment confidence and release effective investment potential.

　　(3) Overcoming difficulties and improving the reform performance in key areas

　　The reform has entered a deep-water area and a critical period, and its complexity, sensitivity and arduousness are unprecedented, especially in the areas of administrative system, state-owned enterprises and income distribution. It is necessary to strengthen the implementation of existing policies. In particular, we should deepen the reform in streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services and further improve the system of power list and responsibility list. Accelerate the promotion of negative list management pilot, establish a government regulation toolbox for traditional industries, and innovate prudential supervision methods for new industries, new formats and new models. Combine the reform of state-owned enterprises with "deleveraging", accelerate the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises and the management system of state-owned capital, promote the bankruptcy and reorganization of zombie enterprises with long-term losses and insolvency, and improve the efficiency of state-owned capital investment. Vigorously promote the reform of the income distribution system, standardize the income distribution system of farmers’ land circulation, and increase farmers’ property income. Establish an open and fair comprehensive evaluation mechanism for factor utilization efficiency, establish and improve the support and guarantee mechanism for financial and talent factors and the convenient and efficient factor trading mechanism. Accelerate the market-oriented reform of factor prices, integrate and upgrade the functions of factor trading platforms, and promote the free trade and market-oriented allocation of resource elements such as land, emission rights and energy use.

　　(D) communication channels to prevent risks and improve the efficiency of financial services to the real economy.

　　We should flexibly use all kinds of short-term and medium-term policy tools to serve the needs of the real economy. Optimize the credit allocation structure, establish a linkage mechanism between financial and real economic interests, expand the pilot scope of investment and loan linkage, accelerate the development of various regional small financial institutions, community financial service organizations, village banks and other financial entities at their own risk, actively develop platforms and channels for direct financing services, steadily develop financial derivatives, and expand the financing space of entity enterprises. We will fight hard to prevent and resolve key risks, improve the efficiency of financial supervision and the ability to prevent risks, closely monitor the risks that may be brought about by financial format innovation, and study and introduce supporting policies such as expanding the transfer scope of non-performing loans in the banking industry, improving batch transfer and expanding the autonomy of non-performing loans write-off.

　　(5) Develop the digital economy and cultivate new industries, new formats and new economic models.

　　The 19th National Congress proposed to build a modern economic system, mainly to solve how the real economy can realize the deep integration of digital economy and real economy by using big data, internet plus and artificial intelligence. The so-called digital economy actually refers to the application of digital knowledge and technology in economic activities. Looking at the development of digital economy from the global and China perspectives, in 2016, the digital economy accounted for 25% of the total global economy, and a quarter of production organizations were related to the digital economy. China’s digital economy is ahead of the world. At present, the scale of digital economy in China has reached more than 22 trillion yuan, accounting for more than 30% of the total GDP. Globally, the digital economy has developed mainly in the United States, China, Japan and Britain.

　　To develop digital economy, we need a good policy environment first. Preferential policies have played a great role in promoting the development of digital economy in various places. Relatively speaking, the policies of the Yangtze River Delta and other pre-developed areas are favorable for promoting the development of digital economy. The second is talent. The development of digital economy needs high-end talents. Some regions have many effective policies in attracting talents, which have played a great role in promoting local talent gathering.

　　(six) to promote technological innovation and promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry.

　　In January 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Three-year Action Plan to Enhance the Core Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry (2018-2020)" (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan), which plans to organize and implement key technologies in key areas such as rail transit equipment, high-end marine and marine engineering equipment, intelligent robots, smart cars, modern agricultural machinery, high-end medical devices and medicines, new materials, manufacturing intelligence and major technical equipment in the next three years.

　　To enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing industry in the future, we should pay attention to the following three aspects. The first is the upgrade in the value chain, that is, the horizontal upgrade. Extending from manufacturing section to upstream, that is, advancing to R&D, design, creativity and standards, such as rail transit equipment industry; Extending downstream from the manufacturing section, that is, promoting to brands, channels, logistics and services, such as household appliances industry. The second is the upgrade on the value network, that is, vertical upgrade. Even in the manufacturing sector, it has been upgraded from a module supplier to a system integrator, and further upgraded to a rule designer, such as high-end ships and major technical equipment industries. The third is the innovation in value integration, that is, to create an "industry of the times". There have been major breakthroughs in the knowledge, informationization, intelligence, greening, service and human culture development of the manufacturing industry, and even the effect of "overtaking in lane change and overtaking in lane change" has taken place, and intelligent robots and other fields have been at the forefront of the world.

　　(7) Further explore new paths of opening up and coordination, and improve the effectiveness of two-way opening up and regional development.

　　Promote the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive opening up, relax market access in an orderly manner, continue to streamline the negative list and promote the pilot reform of the free trade pilot zone. We will implement the results of the first "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum, run the first China International Import Expo, and comprehensively improve the level of economic and trade cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road. Accelerate the docking with key national plans, platforms and projects such as Pakistan and Russia, and promote the construction of the main skeleton of "six corridors, six roads, multiple countries and multiple ports". Steadily promote the capital increase of Silk Road Fund and the establishment of capacity cooperation fund, promote the implementation of a number of influential capacity cooperation projects, and build a number of demonstration parks and demonstration bases. We will implement the strategy of regional coordinated development, accelerate the construction of major projects in key areas of ecology, transportation and industry in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, complete the planning of xiong’an new area with high quality, and push forward the construction vigorously, orderly and steadily. Do a good job in the construction of "one corridor, two corridors and three groups" in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and comprehensively improve the quality of economic development and the ability of sustainable development in this basin.

　　(8) Take concrete measures to promote employment and benefit people’s livelihood, and improve the effectiveness of social security policies.

　　Safeguard the bottom line of people’s livelihood and promote social harmony and stability. Carry out vocational skills training on a large scale, provide accurate employment assistance to people with special difficulties, actively explore new employment channels, encourage entrepreneurship to promote employment, and promote multi-channel employment and entrepreneurship of young groups such as college graduates and new generation of migrant workers. We will fight a tough battle against poverty with precision, focus on deep poverty-stricken areas, adjust measures to local conditions, make decisions according to people, households and villages, highlight industrial poverty alleviation, organize ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation, increase cooperation in poverty alleviation services, implement education poverty alleviation and health poverty alleviation policies, and reduce the number of poor people by 11 million. Make overall plans to promote the provincial-level coordination of endowment insurance, clean up and standardize the payment policy of endowment insurance, implement the central adjustment system of basic endowment insurance funds, and balance the burden of endowment insurance between regions. Efforts should be made to solve the problems of "school choice fever", "large class size", infant care and early childhood education services. We will speed up the establishment of a housing system with multi-agent supply, multi-channel guarantee and simultaneous rent and purchase, and improve the long-term mechanism to promote the stable and healthy real estate market.

　　(The author is a researcher and doctoral supervisor of the Institute of Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences, former director and secretary of the Party Committee of the Institute of Economics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and a member of the evaluation group of theoretical economics in the State Council).

Recently, a netizen exposed a group of” Kung Fu superstars” Jet Li has not appeared at the airport for a long time. In the photo, 57-year-old Jet Li appeared in the airport with long curly hair and a cap. Wearing is also very approachable. There is a blue coat outside the black sweatshirt, which looks casual and fashionable. Although the figure is a little fat, and the big belly grabs the mirror, the overall mental state is not bad, and the superstar’s demeanor has not decreased that year.

Jet Li has slowly disappeared from public view and rarely appeared in front of the camera because of his physical condition and inability to work normally. Because of this, frequent rumors about the death of international superstar Jet Li have seriously affected the normal life of him and his family. In the face of rumors of death, Jet Li was very helpless, and friends for many years also wanted to clarify this matter. But in order to protect his family, Jet Li had to take the online rumor maker to court and ask him to apologize publicly.

Because his father is Jet Li, the life of her youngest daughter Jada has been concerned by netizens. Because the youngest daughter is depressed all the year round, and because there are often rumors about her father’s death on the Internet, Jada is suffering from depression again. In recent years, Jet Li, whose condition has gradually improved, began to appear in public activities. As can be seen from the activity site, Jet Li is much older, with wrinkles on his face and white hair on both temples. The whole person looks very thin and his mental state is not as good as looking forward.

You know, Jet Li was born in 1963, and he began to learn martial arts at an early age. In 1982, with the movie’ Shaolin Temple’ martial arts, the powerful martial arts was in the corner of the official premiere. Once the film was released, it reached hundreds of millions at the box office, and Jet Li was also very popular among the audience at that time. Since then, works such as’ King of Adventure’ and’ Huang Feihong’s Lion in the Western Regions’ have been loved by the audience, and works such as’ Huo Yuanjia’ have entered Hollywood and become international superstars.

I didn’t expect him to be nearly sixty years old, much older than his peers. He devoted himself to charity in recent years and rarely produced several works. Because of his serious illness, Jet Li, as a whole, faced his own life and saw a lot. According to his own disclosure, he is going to leave it all to his wife to deal with the 2 billion numbers in his name.

In the face of death, he calmly explained to his wife what happened behind her:” I have discussed with my wife that if I confine my life to the temple I donated in the future, I hope to be cremated in the temple I donated to Tibet, and Buddhists will engrave an inscription on his tombstone.

It can be seen that Jet Li relaxed in the face of illness, gradually retired, gradually recovered, and spent more time with his wife and daughter, and his family was very happy. A Generation of Kung Fu Superstar Jet Li, many classic movies, are all classic. I hope his health will recover as soon as possible.

Editor in charge:

Original Ben Xingjun understands this planet.

Author ▏ Riding like the wind

Produced by Ben Xingjun

As we all know, one of the major climatic characteristics of Russia is the extremely cold winter, so that countries that want to invade Russia have to worry about its extreme weather.

Nazi Germans during World War II could not bear the cold winter of the Soviet Union, and were not only repelled when they entered Moscow, but also killed in the end. The online discussion of the P5 also named the task of attacking Russia "Wrath of Winter", that is, the cold winter in Russia and the army are hellish challenges.

Since Russia is so difficult to fight, has the capital Moscow ever been breached by foreign enemies?

1. The Mongolian cavalry across the Asian continent broke for the first time.

In the 13th century, Eastern Europe was still in a state of numerous principalities and nomadic running.

However, on the Mongolian Plateau in East Asia, a new nomadic empire, Ran Ran, rose. After whipping the Central Plains, it moved westward into Central Asia, destroying the Khorezm, one of the most powerful Islamic countries at that time.

Mongolian cavalry has been pursuing the remnants of Khorezm to the Caspian Sea and reached the Caucasus Mountains, the dividing line between Asia and Europe.

▲ Eastern Europe in the early 13th century

The Qincha tribe in the northern Caspian Sea was defeated by Mongolian cavalry, and the leader of the Qincha tribe thought of asking for help from the Russian duchy in the Volga River basin.

This group of Russian principalities is a state composed of Slavs, which is the ancestor of today’s Russians. They helped Qincha people to resist Mongolian cavalry based on the consideration of losing their lips and teeth. As a result, they were defeated by Mongolian general Zhe Bie and Su Butai. This made the Russian countries and the Mongols have an issue.

After Genghis Khan’s third son, Wokuotai, ascended the throne, he decided to inherit his father’s career and conquer a wider area. He called the Curiti Congress in 1235 and made a resolution to conquer the Chincha and the Russian countries and then attack Europe.

He sent Shu Chi’s eldest son, Ba Dou, to lead 150,000 Mongolian troops to the west, and the Chincha tribe suffered a crushing defeat again, which made the Russian countries anticipate a catastrophe. The Mongolian army successively conquered Mordova and Yelizhan at the entrance of Woluosi’s house, and then directly slaughtered the city. Woluosi people recalled their fear of being dominated by Mongols.

▲ Three Western Expeditions of Mongolian Khanate

At this time, the representative of the Voros country was Kiev Ross, whose capital was Kiev, the capital of Ukraine today. Moscow has built a city, but it is not the capital, but it has become the next target for the Mongols to attack.

In 1238, the Mongols arrived at the gates of Moscow, and in just a few days, they broke through this important city and won the first kill to break through Moscow. Later, the Mongols won the battle and won all the Russian principalities, and Eastern Europe gradually became the sphere of influence of the Mongols.

▲ After the Western Expedition, Moscow became a part of the Golden Horde.

At that time, the Ross people had not yet formed a unified country, and naturally they could not resist the "whip of God". Until 1283, the Slavs built a Moscow Grand Duchy with Moscow as the capital, which was the predecessor of czarist Russia. The Grand Duchy of Moscow is a vassal state of the Mongolian Golden Horde, and it was not until 200 years later that it turned over to be the master.

Why didn’t the Russian winter work this time? The Mongols said that we have long been used to cold in the Mongolian Plateau, and we are not afraid of your winter at all.

2. The Polish Lithuanians exposed in Pingdu Town made a second breakthrough.

The so-called "no Poland" stalk on the Internet refers to the historical fact that Poland was divided up by Russia and Germany several times. Poles and Lithuanians once formed a powerful federation, attacking Germany on the left and Russia on the right, but it was awesome for some time. Moreover, they have also breached Moscow, so they have become bitter rivals with the Russians.

At the end of 15th century, the Grand Duchy of Moscow finally got rid of the rule of the Golden Horde and became independent. In 1547, Ivan IV, the Grand Duke of Moscow, was officially crowned czar, and the Russian regime under the Ryurik dynasty was formally established. Under his rule, Russia’s forces crossed the Urals and began to March towards Siberia, with an increasingly vast territory.

However, the country established by Ivan the Terrible is still not very stable.

In 1598, fyodor, the last czar of the Ryurik dynasty, died, leaving the dynasty with no heir. Boris Godunov, a consort aristocrat, took the place of Liurik dynasty and became emperor. Due to the lack of orthodoxy, Russian nobles did not obey his rule and clashed with each other, leading to political chaos.

At the beginning of the 17th century, another famine broke out in Russia, and peasant uprisings were everywhere. Boris Godunov did not take moderate measures to appease the nobles and the people, but instead resorted to terrorist politics to carry out bloody repression and hang thousands of opponents. This makes the country’s civil strife more serious and allows foreign enemies to find an opportunity to invade.

▲ Russia and the Kingdom of Lithuania in Poland in the 17th century

At that time, the Polish-Lithuanian Federation was in a strong period and coveted Russian land for a long time. At this time, a man appeared in the territory of Poland, pretending to be Dmitry, the youngest son of Ivan IV, and wanted to take the place of Russian czar. Sigismund III, King of the Lithuanian Federation of Poland, seized the opportunity to support this cottage version of usurpation of power.

Lzhedmitrii promised to cede Smolensk and Seville on the western border of Russia to Poland after victory. Anyway, it’s not my own country, and Tian Xin doesn’t hurt.

In 1604, Sigismund III sent 4,000 Polish troops and hundreds of Ukrainian Cossacks to help Lzhedmitrii attack Russia.

Because Lzhedmitrii was under the banner of regaining the throne of the Ryuk dynasty, Russian aristocrats and people, out of dissatisfaction with the consorts czar, directly opened the door to welcome them into Moscow, and Lzhedmitrii succeeded in driving out the consorts czar.

In fact, this is not very strange. At that time, the royal families of European countries intermarried with each other, and often the nobles of country A could go to country B to inherit the throne.

But the fun is yet to come. The new czar fulfilled his territorial promise to Poland and married the daughter of a Polish landowner, consciously building Russia into a Polish vassal state.

As a result, the Russian people quit. We didn’t let you be the emperor to call other countries’ fathers. We just grabbed the guy and swept the fake out of the house.

Of course the Poles won’t do it. Didn’t I go to so much trouble to control Russia? I am going to take this opportunity to invade Russia on a large scale. Russia, however, was badly weakened and knew it was difficult to stop the Polish attack, so it turned to Sweden for emergency help.

If the Russians at that time could find the help of Gustav Adolphus, who later became a great power in Europe, maybe they could really stop the Poles. It’s a pity that Mr. Gu is still underage at this time. When the Swedes came to the rescue, Sigismund III also led an army into Russian land.

In 1610, Sigismund III and the Russian-Swiss allied forces launched an encounter in the village of Clushino, and the famous Polish cavalry severely cut the Russians and Swedes.

▲ Poles occupied Moscow.

The Moscow aristocrats themselves have a relationship with the Polish royal family, so they elected Prince Vladimir of Poland as the new czar of Russia, in order to make peace with the Poles.

In September, 1610, Moscow big noble once again opened its gate to the Poles, allowing them to complete the second breakthrough and staged the Russian version of the shame of Jingkang. Poles were rude and occupied a large territory in central and western Russia. Sweden, on the other hand, saw the Russians pull so hard that reinforcements turned into enemy troops and occupied Novgorod in the north.

Although the Poles captured Moscow, the Russian people did not want Polish rule. The Russian version of "Yue Fei" Zimamin organized resistance forces in Nizhny Novgorod and launched the action of "recovering the Central Plains" to the Poles.

Two years later, they finally avenged their "Jingkang shame" and regained Moscow. It is also because of this humiliation that the Russians launched a double revenge when the Polish country was weak.

3. Napoleon’s French army, which dominated Europe, broke through three times.

After the governance of Peter the Great and Catherine II, Russia became a more powerful Russian empire, reaching Alaska in North America. Arguably, no one can hit the Russian capital, right? The answer is that stronger people can do it! This time, the trader was Napoleon Bonaparte, the European God of War.

Still have to repeat the background. The French Revolution at the end of the 18th century made European monarchies panic. Britain, Austria and other monarchies organized anti-French alliances again and again, trying to stop France’s revolutionary expansion and return France to the rule of Bourbon.

However, France was one of the best powers in Europe before, and this time a military genius Napoleon appeared. He repeatedly broke the encirclement and suppression of the anti-French alliance, and also staged the Egyptian campaign to drive out the British forces. The battle of Austerlitz defeated Austria, and the battle of Jena-Olstadt occupied Berlin for 14 days to dissolve Shenluo, and the battles of friedland and Elou defeated the Russian army.

At that time, Russian czar Alexander I was personally Napoleon’s younger brother, and a series of battles also made him afraid of the strength of the French army. Napoleon also looked down on Alexander I, trying to force him to agree to join the "continental blockade" against Britain, trying to trap Britain economically.

After a period of cooperation, Alexander I found that the economic losses were serious, and the European continent was still inseparable from the trade with Britain, so he rebelled against France. After all, fans are only personal behaviors. As the boss of the country, we should put the national interests first.

▲ Russian Tsar Alexander I (1777-1825)

Napoleon saw this little brother dare to hook up with his arch-enemy Britain behind his back. Little brother, are you drifting? I immediately want to teach Russia a lesson by force. In 1812, Napoleon led more than 600,000 allied forces to attack Russia. His strategic policy is to annihilate the Russian main force through one or two decisive battles, and then capture Moscow to force the czar to surrender.

After several defeats in Smolensk and other places, the Russian military coach Barkley knew that frontal combat was no match for Napoleon, so he retreated step by step. However, the generals thought that Napoleon should be decisive, and Alexander I was also dissatisfied with the negative situation on the front line, trying to learn from Emperor Chongzhen a hundred years ago and let Kutuzov, the main battle, replace Barkley.

Although the capital of Russia was in St. Petersburg at that time, Moscow, as the old capital, still had very important strategic significance, so the Russian army must work hard for it.

Kutuzov organized a defense line against the French army in Borodino, near the suburb of Moscow, and launched a main battle with the French army here.

Even though he had the advantage of home court, Kutuzov was defeated by Napoleon, and was forced to abandon Moscow’s defense and turn to the tactics of clearing the field and maneuvering, in an attempt to take advantage of Russia’s vast strategic depth and terrible winter to drag the French down here.

Even though Napoleon made sufficient logistical preparations, when he advanced to the vicinity of Moscow, the troops had reached almost half of the death rate due to terrain, climate and other factors, and the battle was almost over.

▲ Napoleonic Wars

Napoleon, of course, knew that time could not be delayed. He wanted to capture Moscow for strategic supply and repair time, but he was surprised to find that the Russians set fire to Moscow and did not leave a grain for the French army. Although Napoleon accomplished the achievement of breaking through Moscow three times, he won an empty city. However, even if the Russians choose to defend themselves, it is very likely that they were captured by Napoleon.

Although Russia is a big country, the essence of populated areas is only a little, and most of them are sparsely populated desolate areas, so the Russian strategy of dragging down the French army has received miraculous results.

When Napoleon finally decided to retreat from Russia, it was not the Russians who killed the French army the most, but the bad winter and logistics conditions. That is, with so much debuff, the Russian army finally won the French army, but still let Napoleon withdraw from Russia with the disabled soldiers.

If there is no such serious non-combat attrition, the victory or defeat of the emperor’s military talent is still unknown. At that time, it was impossible for any country and France to fight one-on-one on land, and they could only rely on group fights.

It can be seen that there are three possible ways to achieve the success of breaking through Moscow: first, attack from Asia; Second, civil strife occurred in Russia; Third, the Russians chose to give up Moscow.

But now, no matter which country wants to capture Moscow, it is even more difficult. After all, Russia’s military strength is here, and there are more nuclear bombs than the United States. Although the economy is weak, it still makes the enemy fear the existence of three points.

Original title: "Moscow, the capital of Russia: Have you ever been attacked by foreign enemies with the protection of severe winter? 》

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