Diabetes is a group of lifelong metabolic diseases caused by multiple causes and characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The data shows that the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes in adults in China (in 2013) was 10.4%, which means that one in every 10 adults suffers from diabetes. As we all know, obesity and diabetes are closely related, and obese people are more likely to get type 2 diabetes. Therefore, in order to control type 2 diabetes and its related complications, it is imperative to solve the obesity problem.

　　How to define obesity? Generally, two indicators need to be measured: waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). The waist circumference of men is ≧ 90cm, and that of women is ≧ 85cm, which means abdominal obesity, and the risk of diabetes will increase obviously; The other is to calculate the body mass index (BMI), that is, divide your weight by the square of your height (kg/m2) to get the value, and BMI≧28 is obese, which accounts for about 60% of diabetic patients. Of course, now compare the indicators to measure obesity, such as calculating belly fat content.

　　There is a process from obesity to diabetes. If you are obese, you will get diabetes immediately, but obese people will suffer from insulin resistance because of the accumulation of fat in the body. When insulin secretion in the human body is insufficient, the role of glucose synthesis glycogen and glucose decomposition will be weakened, resulting in an increase in blood glucose concentration beyond the normal value, which in turn leads to diabetes. People’s stomachs are like warehouses for storing fat, and the fat is not easy to consume and decompose, so the warehouses are getting bigger and bigger. Therefore, those asymmetrical obese people we see every day, such as bigger stomachs and thinner legs, are also high-risk groups for diabetes.

　　In recent years, the incidence of diabetes tends to be younger, which has a lot to do with unreasonable diet. Type 2 diabetes can be simply understood as eating diabetes. Few teenagers got sick more than 10 years ago, but now there are more and more teenagers. Eating more, eating well, eating well and having little exercise are the main reasons. Therefore, we should guide them from the aspects of diet structure, living habits, exercise and psychological counseling.

　　At present, it is an effective way to control blood sugar for diabetic patients to reach the standard and maintain normal weight. Diabetic patients must keep a regular diet every day, eat less and eat more meals, and don’t overeat, so as to avoid excessive blood sugar fluctuations; Drink plenty of water to replenish the water needed by the body, otherwise it will easily cause dehydration and even hyperviscosity; Eat less fruits with high sugar content, such as bananas and ripe mangoes, and eat fruits with low sugar content, such as oranges, strawberries, cherries and grapefruit.

　　At the same time, I suggest you pay attention to your health indicators regularly. People over the age of 40 go to the hospital to check their fasting blood sugar at least once a year. Under normal circumstances, the fasting blood sugar of normal people is below 6.1. If it is higher than 5.7, we should be vigilant.

　　Interviewed experts: Mother Yiming, Chief Physician of Endocrinology Department, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital.

　　In the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, USA, a collection of "The Intention of Xishan Snow" was praised as "the first masterpiece in the Northern Song Dynasty". It was written by Gao Keming, a famous landscape painter in China. Recently, in a cemetery in Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Sichuan, archaeologists accidentally discovered the tomb of this Shanxi painter.

　　Gao Keming’s tomb was hidden in 14 tombs of the Gao family, and was excavated and cleared by Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology from August to November this year. Combined with the unearthed written materials, archaeologists learned that Gao’s descendants were originally from Bohai, Shandong Province, who lived in Shanxi in the Northern Song Dynasty and moved south to Chengdu in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty.

　　In addition, a well-preserved female bone of the Song Dynasty in the cemetery is expected to solve the mystery whether female foot-binding originated in the Song Dynasty.

　　accident

　　Fourteen tombs of Gao’s Song Dynasty were discovered in Longquanyi

　　In August this year, in Group 14, Honghe Village, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, two three-color figurines were found after the construction workers dug more than two meters in the process of greenway reconstruction. Subsequently, the Chengdu Cultural Relics and Archaeology Team, together with the staff of Longquanyi District Cultural Relics Protection Management Office, rushed to the scene, and initially judged that there should be a Song Dynasty tomb group.

　　On August 28th, with the approval of National Cultural Heritage Administration, the rescue excavation officially began. By the end of November, 14 tombs of the Song Dynasty had been cleared.

　　Gong Yangmin, the leader of the archaeological excavation, said that the tombs were orderly distributed in the edge area of the circular platform, all in the north-south direction and arranged from east to west. The west area is a single-chamber tomb, and the tomb owners are all women. The north and east areas are two-room or three-room burial tombs for husband and wife. The tombs all have horizontal coupons, and the burial utensils are all wooden double coffins, and the inner and outer coffins are closely nested.

　　As written materials such as tombstones were unearthed from tombs, archaeologists confirmed the owner’s identity of this cemetery — — Descendants of Gao. Through written records, they learned that the Gao family originally lived in Bohai Sea, Shandong Province, and moved to Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, and then moved south to Chengdu in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty.

　　celebrity

　　Gao Keming, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, was buried here.

　　In the cemetery, archaeologists accidentally discovered the tomb of Gao Keming, a famous landscape painter in Renzong period of Northern Song Dynasty. Next to the tomb, the tombs of Gao Keming’s son Gao Jimin and his wife were also found, as well as the tombs of his grandson Gao Liangbi and his two wives. The owners of other tombs are closely related to the Gao family, and they also moved south to Chengdu with the Gao family in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

　　Gao Keming’s representative works include Three Dynasties’ Instructions, Xishan Snow’s Intention, Longevity Map, Establishment Map and so on. According to historical documents, during the reign of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, Gao Mingke was ordered to draw a picture to test his talents, and then he was promoted.

　　Gong Yangmin said that Gao Keming is the chief supervisor (the sixth grade) of the Shaofu, and his daughter-in-law Jin’s grandfather is a county magistrate and his father is a Jinshi. It can be seen that Gao’s family is an official family in the Song Dynasty and can be called a local gentry. After the Anshi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty, China’s social system gradually changed from an aristocratic society to an aristocratic society, and the power of local clans in managing state and local affairs gradually increased. Gao’s family cemetery is a valuable material for studying this social change in China during the Tang and Song Dynasties. In addition, the source of the cemetery owner and his family is clear, which is of positive significance for studying the migration of the gentry and the integration of the north and south cultures under the trend of great social changes from the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty.

　　decode

　　Perfect female bones solve the custom of foot binding

　　On December 12th, in the Cultural Protection Center of Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the reporter of Huaxi Dushi Bao-cover saw that 12 nails had been pulled out of a coffin. After the staff put on gloves and masks, opened the coffin lid and uncovered three layers of white cloth, a well-preserved female human bone appeared. The staff told reporters that when the tomb was discovered, there were signs of theft in the outer coffin. It was precisely because of the protection of 12 nails that the human bones and articles in the inner coffin were preserved. In order to keep moisture, they covered human bones with three layers of white cloth.

　　Due to the geographical environment of Chengdu, human bones are rare in previous archaeological discoveries. Now, through the study of the skeleton of this Zhang woman, it is expected to reveal what physical diseases women had in the Song Dynasty and whether there was a custom of foot binding at that time.

　　Most tombs in the cemetery have not been disturbed, and nearly 500 funerary objects such as pottery, porcelain, tin, bronze, lacquered wood, stone coupons and glassware have been unearthed. During the archaeological process, more than 10 pieces of exquisite lacquerware were extracted from the coffin. Gong Yangmin said that this is the first time in Sichuan that a well-preserved complete set of lacquerware of the Song Dynasty was discovered. Among lacquerware, the white porcelain cosmetic box and the cosmetics in the box reveal the female sentiment in the Song Dynasty, which provide valuable archaeological basis for studying the daily life of aristocratic women in the Song Dynasty.

　　In addition, archaeologists also found more than 60 stone coupons, such as the five-party authentic coupons, the Huagai Palace coupons, the Heaven Emperor’s gift coupons, the land purchase coupons, the epitaph, and the tomb.

　　Gong Yangmin believes that most of the tombs in the cemetery have not been disturbed, and the unearthed funerary objects are rich and the chronological materials are detailed. It can provide an important reference for the establishment of archaeological sequences in Sichuan from the early to the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty. The funerary objects unearthed from the tombs provide detailed archaeological materials for understanding the scientific and technological level, aesthetic and religious activities in the Southern Song Dynasty.