[Editor’s note]

This article is the 44th column of "European Observation Room" jointly published by Shanghai European Society and The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) "Diplomatic Scholar". On December 1st, Shanghai International Studies University and the Shanghai European Society held a conference on "Europe-America Relations Trend Report 2023" and a seminar on "Europe-America Sino-Russian Relations under the Influence of Euro-American Transatlantic Relations", at which the Annual Report on Europe-America Relations Trend 2023 (hereinafter referred to as "Report") was released.

After the twists and turns from Obama to Biden, the relationship between Europe and the United States has taken an obvious turning point under the pressure of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. By 2023, the relationship between the two sides has entered a relatively stable year. Just as the president of the Shanghai European Society,Ding Chun, a professor at Fudan University, wrote a preface for the Report, saying that the differences between the United States and Europe have not disappeared under the relatively stable pattern of the United States dominating Europe, but they should not be exaggerated. However, in specific topics and national relations, the relationship between the United States and Europe shows different forms and characteristics, which also leaves room for China to develop specific relations and realize national interests. A more timely and detailed study of the United States and Europe is of greater significance at present. The "European Observatory" recently published some articles in the Report.

The year 2023 is an important year for the world to get rid of the shadow of the COVID-19 epidemic, and it is also a year in which the Ukrainian crisis presents a long-term and complicated situation. Judging from the political and diplomatic relations between the European Union and the United States, the two sides continued to maintain the institutionalized and normalized dialogue and coordination after Biden took office, but the inherent differences of interests began to re-emerge as the "honeymoon period" aimed at repairing the alliance gradually passed. At the same time, in the face of regional hot issues such as the Ukrainian crisis and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the United States and Europe share common positions, but there are also differences in attitudes. Consultations between the two sides on these hot issues are becoming more and more frequent.

1. Normalization and institutionalization of EU-US political and diplomatic interaction

In 2023, the political and diplomatic interaction between the EU and the United States includes not only the exchange of visits and consultations between European and American leaders, but also the meetings and exchanges between the two sides on multilateral occasions.

On March 10th, 2023, in Washington, USA, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen met with US President Biden. 澎湃 image data map

From a bilateral perspective, on March 10th, 2023, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen visited the United States and met with Biden. On October 20, 2023, President Michelle and Ursula von der Leyen of the European Council visited Washington, D.C., and jointly held the second US-EU summit with US President Biden, and issued a joint statement after the meeting. In addition, other senior officials of both sides also interact frequently. For example, in early April 2023, US Secretary of State Blinken and EU High Representative for Foreign Policy and Security Affairs borrell co-chaired the EU-U.S. Energy Council)； in Brussels; At the end of May, several executive vice-presidents of the European Commission, together with officials such as Blinken, Minister of Commerce and Trade Representative, held the fourth ministerial meeting of the Euro-American Trade and Technology Council. On June 22, 2023, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Newland and Secretary-General of the European External Action Agency Stefano Sannino co-chaired the second dialogue between the United States and Europe on China and the fourth high-level consultation on the so-called "Indo-Pacific region".

At the multilateral level, the interaction between Europe and the United States mainly includes Biden’s trip to Europe in mid-July to attend the NATO summit in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, a Baltic country, and the EU, as a key partner of NATO, was also invited to attend the summit. The G-7 summit held in Hiroshima, Japan in May 2023 and the 18th summit of G-20 leaders held in New Delhi in September also became important platforms for Biden to communicate with Michelle and Ursula von der Leyen who were invited to attend the meeting. It can be said that these annual and institutionalized bilateral dialogues and multilateral meetings have become the main channels for normalized exchanges and consultations between the EU and the United States.

On October 20th, 2023, local time, the US-EU summit was held in Washington, USA. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Michelle met with US President Biden. 澎湃 image data map

Second, the main topics and purposes of EU-US political and diplomatic interaction

Judging from the content involved, the political and diplomatic interaction between the EU and the United States in 2023 mainly revolves around the following two goals.

First of all,Maintain the consistency of the positions of the United States and Europe on major hot issues and ensure the continuity and stability of the US commitment.The Russian-Ukrainian conflict has entered the second year, and the stalemate in the war indicates that this conflict will develop in a long-term and complicated direction. This makes the EU particularly worried that the United States will waver in any form on the Ukrainian issue, otherwise it will lead the EU and its member States to "fight alone" in the action of "supporting Ukraine and curbing Russia". For example, in October 2023, the US Congress failed to approve a new round of aid to Ukraine in time due to domestic political struggles, which caused great concern in the EU. During the Third European Political Community Leaders’ Meeting, borrell made it clear that "Europe can certainly not replace the United States" on the question of whether Europe can fill the gap in American aid to Ukraine. Therefore, the commitment of continuous assistance to Ukraine has become the core content of every dialogue between the United States and Europe. For example, in the joint statement issued after the second US-EU summit, the two sides once again stressed that long-term political, financial, humanitarian and military support for Ukraine will not waver. The two sides stood shoulder to shoulder and demanded that Russia end the war and immediately, completely and unconditionally withdraw its troops and equipment from internationally recognized Ukrainian territory. Moreover, the two sides have also given a unified attitude towards other political solutions to the Ukrainian issue proposed by all parties in the international community, that is, any proposal to pursue comprehensive, just and lasting peace must be based on complete respect for Ukraine’s independence.

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict that broke out in October, like the Ukrainian issue, occurred in the surrounding areas of the EU, which once again posed a serious security threat to the EU. Therefore, the coordination of positions on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has become another important issue of regional security in the United States and Europe. In the above-mentioned joint statement, Europe and the United States not only recognized Israel’s right to self-defense, but also emphasized the premise of "conforming to international law, including humanitarian law" and the importance of protecting civilians and ensuring corresponding material supply channels. This joint statement can be regarded as the strengthening of position coordination between the United States and Europe, and the rectification of the "one-sided" attitude and "unreserved solidarity" towards Israel in the early stage of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

Secondly,The United States and Europe hold consultations around the differences of interests, hoping to achieve the coordination of US and European policies and the compatibility of interests.In the second half of 2022, the Biden administration of the United States promulgated the Inflation Reduction Act, which plans to provide subsidies and tax incentives worth $369 billion for green technologies. These preferential measures will only be given to those related enterprises that have settled in the United States for manufacturing. This legislation immediately triggered strong dissatisfaction and worry in the European Union, fearing that the US bill would lead to a large outflow of domestic industrial capacity in Europe and cause a huge blow to the European economy. Therefore, the purpose of Ursula von der Leyen’s visit to the United States on March 10, 2023 was to negotiate with Biden on the Inflation Reduction Act, hoping to push the United States to make corresponding amendments and adjustments, but in vain.

In addition to the Inflation Reduction Act, the Biden administration of the United States has successively issued a series of policies and bills to activate the development of specific industries in the country, such as the Chip and Science Act (August 2022), the National Defense Production Act (June 2022), and the Infrastructure Investment and Employment Act (November 2021). Faced with these competitive modes, mainly through tax reduction or exemption, loans or subsidies, the European Union successively launched the Green Deal Industrial Plan, the Clean Zero Industry Act and the Key Raw Materials Act in 2023 as a response, relaxing the restrictions on subsidies provided by member States to specific industries, strengthening the requirements for the proportion of production capacity within the region, and improving the investment environment for green technology production. As the global governance issue of climate change is more and more closely related to the production capacity and social employment of various countries, the compatibility of industrial policies, economic legislation and economic stimulus measures is increasingly appearing in the political dialogue and consultation agenda between the United States and Europe. Similarly, such issues also dominated the second summit between the two major EU leaders and the Biden administration in October. However, the two sides failed to reach an agreement on the export tariff agreement for steel and aluminum.

Furthermore,The EU urgently needs to ensure that it will not be marginalized in the tripartite game between China, the United States and Europe.Ensure that US-European interaction takes precedence over Sino-US interaction. The joint statement issued by the two sides after the second EU-US summit clearly stated that they are using various bilateral and multilateral platforms to discuss their China policies. On the one hand, both sides are ready to build a constructive and stable relationship with China, recognizing the importance and necessity of strengthening China’s cooperation in the fields of climate change, biodiversity, debt sustainability, global public health governance, macroeconomic stability, etc., but on the other hand, both sides also emphasize the importance of risk reduction and diversification of the industrial chain and the necessity of protecting certain advanced technologies. In addition, the two sides have once again expressed their common position and principles on the Taiwan Strait issue, the situation in the South China Sea, Xinjiang, Tibet and Hong Kong, and the Ukrainian issue. From the time point of view, the interaction between the United States and Europe on China policy was earlier than the San Francisco meeting between the top leaders of China and the United States on November 15, 2023 and the China-EU Summit held in Beijing on December 7, 2023, achieving the goal of giving priority to coordination.

Third, the future prospect of EU-US political and diplomatic relations

Under the background of the persistent game between big countries, frequent and difficult regional conflicts, and increasingly urgent global governance issues, the political and diplomatic interaction between the EU and the United States is one of the main ways to maintain the stability and unity of transatlantic relations, expand their voice and influence in the international community, and maintain the dominance of Western alliance relations in international affairs. However, the seemingly solid alliance is also facing many challenges. Therefore, the political and diplomatic interaction between the United States and Europe is also a mirror that reflects the differences in positions and interests between the two sides. Despite the frequent political and diplomatic interactions between the EU and the United States since Biden took office recently, whether this seemingly solid alliance can continue to be consolidated and enhanced in the future depends on many uncertain factors in the era of chaos.

First of all,The future direction of US-European relations is closely related to the internal political game between the two sides.From the perspective of the United States, the presidential election in 2024 has already begun. The possibility of Trump’s comeback should not be underestimated. The foreign policy of the United States has been changing with the change of president. For example, the climate policy of the United States has undergone several rounds of general adjustment from the Clinton administration to the Biden administration. This undoubtedly affects the nerves of European allies on the other side of the Atlantic. From the perspective of the EU, under the complicated and special mechanism of the EU, there are different opinions between leaders of different institutions and between different member States on important issues such as US-Europe relations and regional conflicts, which affect the unity and consistency of the EU’s foreign policy. For example, the differences between Ursula von der Leyen, Michelle and borrell have been exposed quite openly for many times. Ursula von der Leyen’s overly pro-American stance and strong stance in the field of EU diplomacy have earned him the title of "American agent" inside and outside the EU. The year 2024 will be the election year for the European Parliament and the appointment year for three important figures, namely, the President of the European Commission, the President of the European Council and the High Representative for Foreign Policy and Security Affairs. Their views on Europe’s position and role in the international order and US-Europe relations will have an important impact on the future US-Europe relations.

Secondly,Whether the differences in economic and security interests between the United States and Europe are enlarged or narrowed will also profoundly affect the political and diplomatic relations between the two sides.From the perspective of economic interests, Germany, the economic engine of the European Union, is experiencing a difficult transition period of industrial structure and energy structure. A series of economic stimulus measures with obvious protectionism in the United States have seriously damaged the economic development prospects of Germany and even the whole European Union, which has further widened the differences of interests between the United States and Europe in the fields of economy, trade and investment and interfered with the synchronization of political and diplomatic actions between the United States and Europe. From the perspective of security interests, the long-term and complicated conflict between Russia and Ukraine may lead to different views in the west on how to end the conflict, which will also interfere with the consistency of the positions of both sides and the efficiency of their actions.

(Long Jing, deputy director of European Studies Center of Shanghai Institute of International Studies. The original title of this article is "Review of European and American Political and Diplomatic Relations", and now the title is drafted by the editor. )

Nanjing, August 2, 2007 (Reporter Gu Weiwei, Wang Jimin) With a round head and a naturally rising mouth arc, the Yangtze finless porpoise, known as "smiling angel" and commonly known as "Jiang pig" because of its chubby body, is a national first-class protected animal. They mainly inhabit the waters of the Yangtze River and its tributaries, and often jump up and down in the upper reaches of the water. What are the main characteristics of finless porpoise? Why do you sometimes "spit water" at people? How can we protect the finless porpoise? In this issue, do you know whether to invite Zhou Wei, deputy secretary-general of Nanjing finless porpoise aquatic biological protection association, to lead us into the world of finless porpoise?

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Overall market:In August, the overall sales volume of the VAN Department exceeded 25,000 vehicles, of which the mid-plane accounted for nearly 60% of the sales volume, with the largest growth rate. In the first eight months, the overall sales volume of VAN has completed 93% of last year’s sales volume, exceeding 160,000 vehicles.

Market structure:In August, the sales of SAIC-GM-Wuling, Long-range New Energy Commercial Vehicle and Changan Kaicheng VAN series vehicles were in the top three; From January to August, the sales volume of SAIC-GM-Wuling exceeded 29,000, and the sales volume of long-range new energy commercial vehicle VAN series exceeded 27,000.

Vehicle pattern:In August, the sales volume of, series was in the top two, accounting for 27.58% and 14.55% respectively. From January to August, Wuling Yangguang and Remote Star Enjoy V series both exceeded 23,000 vehicles, Ruichi EC75 exceeded 14,000 vehicles, and Kairui series exceeded 10,000 vehicles.

Market highlightsSince the beginning of this year, the sales of bright window models have been bright, and the market share has increased from 14% in January to 43% in August, which is crazy in the market!

Regional distribution:In August, the sales volume of VAN cars in Shenzhen was 2,443, and that in Guangzhou was 1,391. From January to August, the number of VAN vehicles in Shenzhen exceeded 19,000, that in Guangzhou exceeded 10,000, and that in Dongguan and Foshan exceeded 5,000.

VAN department’s overall market showed positive growth, with a year-on-year growth for six consecutive months.

Looking back this year, except for the year-on-year decline in February due to the influence of the Spring Festival holiday, the sales volume of VAN Department increased in different degrees year-on-year, and the year-on-year growth rate in August reached 34.48%, which was much higher than that of the card department in the same period.

However, it is worth noting that the year-on-year growth rate of the VAN Department has gradually narrowed since May. Tram resources believe that the reason is mainly related to the growth bottleneck encountered by VAN market segments.The penetration rate of new energy in the middle market, which occupies the largest share of the VAN market, has almost reached the ceiling.In recent months, the average permeability is 95%, and the market tends to be saturated, and the growth rate is weak, while the growth rate of micro and large areas is not strong, so it is difficult to offset this gap, which leads to such a situation.

Open-window models account for 43% in August, which may cause great changes in the pattern in the future.

Judging from this year’s data, the Ming-window models are really selling like crazy, and their sales volume has been rising continuously from May to August, even more so than the blind-window models, and the market share has increased from 14% in January to 43% in August. Ming-window models have sprung up in the market by virtue of their insurance advantages and the ability to stand on the shelf, which also makes the models with Ming-window versions more dominant, and relatively speaking, the sales increase is more obvious!

Judging from the specific models, in the VAN market in August, only five models, namely Wuling Yangguang, Remote Star V Series, Ruichi EC75, Kairui finless porpoise series and Chang ‘an, sold more than 1,000 vehicles. From the data point of view, the models with bright windows played a great role in their sales.

Among them:

In the sales volume of Wuling Yangguang, the bright window model accounts for 73.51%. It is worth mentioning that Wuling Yangguang has won the first place in the monthly sales volume of VAN series cars for five consecutive months this year.

In the sales volume of remote Star V series, the bright window model accounts for 45.39%;

In the sales volume of Chang ‘an Ruixing EM80, the bright window model accounts for 75.54%.

However, Ruichi EC75 and Kairui finless porpoise series are relatively disadvantaged in the competition because there is no open window version. However, according to the tram resources,Kairui finless porpoise series will be released soon.In the latest 387 new car announcements, Changan Kaicheng declared.Chang’ an ruixing EM60II’s open-window passenger version. In addition, according to industry sources,Liuzhou wuling New Energy will also release the bright window model soon..

Tram Resources predicts that the VAN market structure will change greatly next year: from January to August this year, the sales volume of SAIC-GM-Wuling exceeded 29,000 units, of which bright windows accounted for 46.58%, and the sales volume of long-range new energy commercial vehicles exceeded 27,000 units, with bright windows accounting for 20%. With the release of open-window models of other enterprises, the competition pattern of models should change greatly.

At present, the pattern of vehicle models is stable, but there may be great changes in the future.

In August, the VAN market was still dominated by the middle market, followed by the big and micro markets. According to the data of the previous August, the sales volume of medium-sized noodles has exceeded 97,000, that of large-sized noodles has exceeded 44,000, and that of micro-sized noodles has exceeded 23,000.

Specific to August:

In AugustZhongmian marketAmong them, SAIC-GM-Wuling, Remote New Energy Commercial Vehicle and Changan Kaicheng ranked in the top three, followed by Wuling Yangguang, Remote Star Enjoy V6E and Changan Ruixing EM80, with sales of 6,943, 3,091 and 1,304 respectively.

In AugustDamian marketAmong them, Ruichi Automobile, Long-range New Energy Commercial Vehicle and SAIC Chase ranked in the top three, followed by Ruichi EC75 and SAIC Chase, with sales of 1,717, 754 and 647 respectively.

In AugustMicroface marketAmong them, Changan Kaicheng, Xinyuan Automobile and Kairui New Energy ranked in the top three, followed by Changan, Xinyuan X30L EV and Kairui, with sales of 566, 557 and 339 respectively.

On the whole, the competition pattern of VAN market is relatively stable, which is mainly based on the middle surface, supplemented by the large surface and micro surface. However, in the VAN market, the middle surface has the highest permeability, followed by the large surface and then the micro surface, which shows that the pattern of the VAN market should change greatly in the future.

Does the big face have great potential in Shenzhen?

According to the data in August, the year-on-year growth rate of the large area is the largest, but it is still dominated by the middle area in the cities with sales volume of TOP5.Among them, only Shenzhen market occupies a dominant position. In August of this year, VAN models were mainly sold to Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Wuhan and Suzhou, among which the model with bright windows only accounted for 5.85% in Shenzhen market, while other cities had a high share. For example, the share of bright windows in Guangzhou is as high as 57.8%, the share of bright windows in Wuhan is also 55.95%, and the share of bright windows in Suzhou is close to 70%.

Tram resources believe that this is mainly due to the small proportion of open-window models in Shenzhen, while other areas mainly focus on open windows, and open windows are mainly in the middle. In view of this situation, Tram resources believe that this is actually beneficial to the Shenzhen market. Because the best-selling of Ming-window models is more of a "shortcut", the risks behind it can be imagined. If the time line is lengthened, the development of the open window model will inevitably have a further impact on insurance, and this model is likely to be rejected by insurance companies first.

Conclusion:Easy access to insurance and low premium are the key driving factors for the outbreak of Ming-window models. However, tram resources also remind all vehicle operators to strengthen the training of drivers’ awareness of safe driving, do a good job in monitoring the safe operation of vehicles, and prevent and control the occurrence of high accident rate from the root.

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The front face design of BMW i4 adopts the latest family-style design language, and the iconic kidney-shaped air intake grille has been more refined, making it more dynamic and unique. The interior of the grille adopts a closed design, which emphasizes the identity of its electric car. The overall lines of the car body are smooth and powerful, showing a unique sports style. The design of the waistline and doors on the side of the car body further enhances the layering and movement of the car body, and the overall style is both fashionable and sporty.

The body size of BMW i4 is 4785*1852*1455mm and the wheelbase is 2856 mm. This body design not only gives it a dynamic appearance, but also provides a spacious interior space. The side lines of the car body are smooth, showing a streamlined shape from the front wheel arch to the rear of the car, giving people a strong sense of movement. The front tread is 1601mm and the rear tread is 1630mm, which ensures the stability and handling of the vehicle at high speed. The front and rear tyre size are 245/45 R18 and 255/45 R18, respectively, which further enhances the sense of movement of the vehicle with sporty rims.

The interior of BMW i4 is famous for its luxury and sense of technology. It is wrapped with a large area of leather and Alcantara mixed materials, creating a unique sports atmosphere. The 14.9-inch central control screen with full LCD instrument panel is full of technology. The steering wheel is made of leather, which supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, providing an excellent ergonomic experience. In-car voice recognition control system can realize voice control of multimedia system, navigation, telephone, air conditioning and other functions. The front seats are heated and equipped with electric seat memory function, which brings comfortable and convenient driving experience to drivers. The rear seats support proportional tilting, which provides rich flexibility in space use. The car is also equipped with a number of USB and Type-C interfaces, which are convenient for passengers to charge, and at the same time support the wireless charging function of mobile phones, which improves the overall technological convenience.

BMW i4 is equipped with an efficient motor with a maximum power of 210 kW and a peak torque of 400 Nm, providing a strong and smooth power output.

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　　As the most critical factor of scientific and technological innovation, the essence of innovation-driven is talent-driven. What is the scale of scientific and technological talents in China and what changes have taken place in recent years? What are the characteristics of regional distribution?

　　The Report on the Development of Scientific and Technological Talents in China 2020 (hereinafter referred to as the Report) compiled by the Ministry of Science and Technology shows that in 2019, the total number of R&D personnel nationwide was 7.129 million, 1.3 times that of 2015, and the number of R&D personnel reached a new high. Among R&D personnel, R&D researchers with intermediate or above titles or doctoral degrees have also continued to grow. In 2019, the full-time equivalent of R&D researchers in China was 2.11 million person-years, an increase of 244,000 person-years compared with 2018.

　　From a global perspective, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in China has been ranked first in the world since 2013. However, the report also shows that there is still a gap between the investment intensity of R&D personnel in China and the proportion of researchers in R&D compared with the major economies in the world. The national R&D researchers account for only 43.9% of the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel, and the data of major economies in the world are above 50%, and the proportion of R&D researchers in South Korea is as high as 81.5%. According to the report, the overall quality and structure of China’s scientific and technological talents need to be further improved.

　　Concentration in the eastern region

　　At present, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel is usually used as an index to compare the input of scientific and technological manpower in the world. R&D personnel refer to personnel engaged in basic research, applied research and experimental development within the unit. The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel refers to the sum of the workload of personnel engaged in R&D activities for more than 90% of the whole year and the workload converted by part-time personnel according to the actual working hours.

　　Due to the influence of resource endowment, geographical conditions and policy orientation, the unbalanced development of regional innovation ability is prominent, which is also reflected in the regional distribution of scientific and technological talents.

　　According to the report, China’s scientific and technological talents have accelerated to gather in the east and a few central cities in the midwest, mainly in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Rim economic circles, and the brain drain in underdeveloped areas in the northeast and west has intensified.

　　Judging from the distribution of national R&D personnel in various regions in 2019, 65.6% of the national R&D personnel are concentrated in ten provinces and cities in the east; The proportion of R&D personnel in Northeast China is the least, accounting for 3.9% of the whole country. The proportion of R&D personnel in six central provinces and twelve western provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) is 17.8% and 12.7% respectively.

　　Since 2015, the number of R&D personnel in the eastern region has increased from 2.468 million in that year to 3.149 million in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 6.3%. The growth rate has slowed down, but the increase is still ahead of other regions. The growth rate of R&D personnel in the central provinces is relatively fast, with an average annual growth rate of 7.8%, which exceeds the national average. Overall, the R&D personnel in the western region show a steady growth trend. The number of R&D personnel in Northeast China has been declining for many years, from 191,000 person-years in 2015 to 187,000 person-years in 2019.

　　Among the top ten provinces with full-time equivalent of R&D personnel, 10 provinces and cities in the east occupy the top 6 and 10 places, and the 7 th, 8 th and 9 th places are Henan, Hubei and Anhui in the middle.

　　In 2019, Guangdong’s R&D personnel reached 803,000 person-years, ranking first in the country, surpassing the sum of the 12 western provinces and 4.3 times the total of the three northeastern provinces; Jiangsu and Zhejiang followed closely, with an average annual growth rate of 12.5% on the basis of a huge base, far exceeding the national average.

　　It is worth noting that although the total number of R&D personnel in Beijing and Shanghai has not entered the top three, from the structural point of view, high-level talents account for a large number, with R&D researchers accounting for more than 50%. The full-time equivalent ratio of R&D researchers in Beijing is 66.2%, while that in Shanghai is 58.4%, while that in Guangdong and Jiangsu, which rank first and second, is 34.9 respectively.

　　The number of employees in industrial enterprises accounts for 70%

　　The distribution of executive departments of R&D personnel can reflect the distribution of subjects of scientific and technological innovation activities in China.

　　According to the report, since 2015, the R&D personnel of regulated industrial enterprises, research and development institutions and institutions of higher learning have all increased, among which the average annual growth rate of regulated industrial enterprises, research and development institutions and institutions of higher learning has reached 4.55%, 2.57% and 12.35% respectively, and the increase rate of R&D personnel in institutions of higher learning is the most significant.

　　The scientific and technological talents of industrial enterprises still have obvious advantages, which also echoes the Statistical Bulletin of National Science and Technology Investment in 2020 (hereinafter referred to as the Bulletin) published by the Bureau of Statistics in September.

　　Zhang Qilong, statistician of the Department of Social Sciences and Literature of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that the role of enterprises in pulling was enhanced. In 2020, the R&D expenditure of enterprises was 1,867.38 billion yuan, an increase of 10.4% over the previous year; It accounted for 76.6% of the national R&D expenditure and contributed 77.9% to the national growth, up by 0.2 and 9.4 percentage points respectively over the previous year. Among them, the R&D expenditure of industrial enterprises above designated size was 1,527.13 billion yuan, up by 9.3% over the previous year.

　　The report also shows that in 2019, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in regulated industrial enterprises was 3,151,800 person-years, 7.4 times and 5.6 times that of R&D institutions and institutions of higher learning, respectively, accounting for about 70% of the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in the country. In 2015, the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in regulated industrial enterprises was 6.9 times and 7.4 times that of R&D institutions and institutions of higher learning, respectively, indicating that enterprises are interested in R&D.

　　Like the overall distribution of provinces, the R&D personnel of industrial enterprises are mainly concentrated in the eastern region. In 2019, the R&D personnel of industrial enterprises in the eastern region reached 2,175,400 person-years, accounting for 69% of the total R&D personnel of industrial enterprises in China.

　　From the perspective of various regions, in 2019, the total number of R&D personnel in industrial enterprises in Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang ranked in the forefront, with obvious leading advantages and substantial growth; The number of R&D personnel in industrial enterprises in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hainan, Tianjin and other places has decreased significantly compared with 2015; In recent years, R&D personnel in regulated industrial enterprises in Tibet, Jiangxi and other provinces have increased significantly.

　　In addition, judging from the distribution of R&D personnel’s investment in various R&D activities, China has the most R&D personnel engaged in experimental development. In 2019, the full-time equivalent of personnel in this field was 3,793,700 person-years, accounting for 79.02% of the national R&D personnel. The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel engaged in applied research is 615,400 person-years, accounting for 12.82%; The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel engaged in basic research is 392,000 person-years, accounting for 8.17%.

　　In 2019, in terms of basic research R&D personnel, basic research R&D personnel in the eastern region accounted for 6.62% of its total R&D personnel, 7.19% in the central region, 12.99% in the western region and 22.99% in the northeast region, accounting for the highest proportion. From the situation of each province, the R&D personnel engaged in experimental development in Jiangsu and Zhejiang account for 89.63% and 92.11% of the total R&D personnel respectively, reflecting that their R&D personnel are more concentrated in the industry. Cartography/Jiang Haoming

Original Luzi Lee Joon Renzhong Global Times

US President Biden began his campaign for the 2024 general election.

On January 5, local time, US President Biden began the first stop of his 2024 general election in Pennsylvania. Agence France-Presse said that Biden violently attacked former President Trump in the first campaign and compared it with the Nazis, saying that it posed a threat to American democracy.

Biden gave a speech in Pennsylvania on the 5th.

According to the report, the 81-year-old Democrat’s support rate at this stage of his term is the worst among modern presidents, and he either lags behind Trump or keeps pace with him in the polls. For months, Democrats have been calling on Biden’s campaign team to take action as people are increasingly worried about the US economy and Biden’s age.

Related reports:

The US media is worried that this year’s election will "repeat the same mistakes."

"One riot, two narratives." The Associated Press said on the 5th that as the United States entered the 2024 election year, both current President Biden and former President Trump used the riots on Capitol Hill on January 6, 2021 to issue political battle slogans to voters-according to the existing polls, they are most likely to become presidential candidates of both parties, and the confrontation in 2020 may be staged again. Today, three years ago, the scene of violence and chaos staged by the so-called "beacon of democracy" shocked the world. Now the country still seems to be deeply divided and hostile: threats against public officials are unprecedented; More than a dozen state capitol buildings have just experienced a "bomb threat", although it was a false alarm. The American Vox website says that the threat of violence has become a part of the American political system. Against this background, the American Institute of Foreign Affairs listed domestic terrorism and political violence as the biggest concern of the United States this year for the first time in its annual risk assessment report.

Police patrol outside after the Mississippi Capitol received a bomb threat on the 3rd. (vision china)

American think tanks list domestic terrorism and political violence as the primary risks.

On the 4th local time, the Institute of Foreign Affairs of the United States released the "Prevention Priority Survey in 2024", which assessed 30 ongoing conflicts and potential conflicts, and divided them into three levels according to the probability of occurrence and the degree of impact on American interests. Since the publication of this report 16 years ago, the American Institute of Foreign Affairs found for the first time that foreign policy experts are most worried about domestic terrorism and political violence caused by political polarization, "especially before and after the 2024 general election". This "conflict" is included in the first-level risk and marked as "high probability of occurrence and great impact". It is worth noting that the cover photo of this report features a group of extreme right-wingers, wearing face towels and holding the American flag, marching in Washington, D.C..

"Violent activities are quietly changing American politics and affecting the 2024 election." The Vox website in the United States recently published an article saying that the threat against public officials has risen to an "unprecedented" number throughout the United States, and as many as 83% of the respondents are worried about the risk of political violence in the United States. According to CNN, from 2021 to 2023, there were 9,600 cases, 7,500 cases and 7,300 cases of threats or "worrying remarks" directed against members of Congress (as of last November). Under Trump and Biden, 82 cases of threatening Republican officials and 80 cases of threatening Democrats faced federal charges. However, Republican members seem to be more vulnerable to attacks from both sides, and Trump supporters accuse some people of being "just nominal Republicans".

CNN said that the U.S. federal government has begun to consider what kind of situation it will face this year. Congressional Police Commissioner Manger said, "There are too many hatred and unkind remarks on social media and against elected officials." Several unexpected events in 2023 may be a harbinger, for example, the offices of two Republican congressmen received death threats in November. In the same month, the staff of several state election offices received suspicious letters.

According to Washington post, on January 3rd, the staff of parliament buildings in more than a dozen federal states received bomb threats, which led to the evacuation of some parliament buildings and disrupted government affairs. However, no explosives were found in the end, and the FBI quickly called these threats "pranks". Recently, a number of public officials have also received "false alarm" calls. A Georgia official believes that the purpose of this farce is to split Americans. "The perpetrators hope that the left will accuse the right wing and the right wing will accuse the left wing, further aggravating differences and normalizing potential violence."

Biden’s advertisement focuses on opposing "extremism"

Today marks the third anniversary of the riots on Capitol Hill. According to Agence France-Presse reported on the 5th, Biden’s first presidential campaign TV advertisement focused on opposing "extremism". "Everyone is asking, how can we maintain our democracy?" The 81-year-old democratic president said in the advertisement that something dangerous is happening in the United States, and "there has been an extremist movement that does not agree with our basic democratic beliefs." In the one-minute advertisement, Biden did not mention Trump’s name, but the picture repeatedly played the picture of the mob holding the slogan supporting Trump on January 6, 2021 and they erected the gallows in the Capitol. "The advertisement is a very real reminder that this election may determine the fate of American democracy." Biden campaign manager Rodriguez said in a statement.

According to the Associated Press, on the occasion of the 3rd anniversary of the riots on Capitol Hill, Trump will hold two campaign rallies in Iowa on the 6th, and Biden plans to visit nearby Fort Ji Gu, Pennsylvania the day before. Trump called January 6, 2021 "a beautiful day" and described those who were imprisoned for participating in the riots as "great patriots." Trump believes that the federal charges against him and the disqualification of the primary election in the presidential election party by Colorado and Maine show that Democrats are trying to weaken American values. Members of the Trump campaign team said that Biden and his allies posed a "real threat" to democracy.

Biden has repeatedly made a fuss about this topic. The Associated Press said that on January 6, 2022, he made a speech in the National Statue Hall of the Capitol, suggesting that Trump and his supporters "inserted a knife in the throat of the United States." On this day in 2023, Biden awarded 14 presidential medals in recognition of their work in protecting the Capitol during the riots.

"The ghost of January 6th haunted in 2024"

The Associated Press said that this debate about who is more harmful to the United States may reflect a deeper problem. "No matter what the reality is, when both sides say that the other is a threat to democracy, it is a sign that democracy is being weakened." Professor Daniel Ziblatt of Harvard University said.

"The ghost of January 6 haunted in 2024." The US "New Yorker" published an article on the 4th, saying that one of Biden’s challenges is to reawaken voters’ heartfelt anger over this riot. But there is a risk that Americans will realize that the general election in 2024 may be a repeat of the general election four years ago. The scene of Biden and Trump’s confrontation again emphasizes to people that the United States is still mired in division and hostility in that unpleasant year. Who really likes to see this situation? No country wants to enter a cycle of bad luck.

According to USA Today reported on the 5th, the poll data sent a warning signal for the situation after the 2024 general election. Trump’s supporters generally accept the former president’s allegations of fraud in the 2020 general election, and they are prepared to believe such allegations again in 2024, which laid the foundation for potential protests. If Trump loses the election, the situation may be even worse, and the country may repeat the same mistakes.

Lee Joon, a special correspondent of Global Times in the United States ● Lu Zi is heavy.

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Original title: "Biden, here we go"

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