Photo by Wang Jianmin (People’s Vision)

　　If you open the column,

　　Summer is coming, at the peak of tourism. The top priority of traveling is safety. How to ensure safety in different types of tourism? What should I do if I am in distress? Starting from today, this edition launched a series of reports on "Paying attention to summer tourism", introducing the overall situation of tourism safety and matters needing attention, and paying attention to three popular tourism forms, namely, scenic spot tour, go on road trip tour and overseas tour, and talking about the current situation and countermeasures.

　　In summer, the weather is changeable, and tourism safety incidents occur from time to time, reminding tourists that they should take necessary safety precautions when traveling.

　　What preparations should I make before traveling? When traveling, what should you pay attention to in order to have a safe and enjoyable time?

　　Pay attention to water sports

　　Avoid blind exploration

　　Li Wei from Changsha, Hunan, took her children to travel to Xiangxi. Instead of choosing a popular scenic spot, their family went to a place that is not famous and has not undergone much commercial development to climb the mountain.

　　Before leaving, wei li specially checked the local weather forecast, suggesting that there was moderate to heavy rain. He didn’t pay too much attention to it, and he thought of a place to improvise.

　　When the Li Wei family arrived at the foot of the scenic spot, light rain began to float in the sky. Beside, many tourists chose to continue climbing the mountain, while Li Wei decided to leave the scenic spot with his children and find a place to live. "Fortunately, there was no luck at that time. The next day, I heard local residents say that tourists who climbed the mountain yesterday were trapped on the mountainside for several hours, and it was particularly dangerous to go down in the dark in the middle of the night. " Wei li said.

　　Zhan Dongmei, an assistant researcher in china tourism academy, said that with the development of China’s tourism market, the number of tourists is increasing, and the safety incidents in tourism are also on the rise. Tourism safety has gradually become the focus of increasing attention from all walks of life. Especially in summer, the tourist season, the weather, special play items and other reasons increase the safety risks. Water-playing projects, such as rafting, water parks and trips to islands and lakes, have become the hardest hit areas that have caused safety accidents. Drowning and water traffic accidents are the main factors that cause tourists’ death and injury.

　　Outdoor activities tourism projects, such as hiking, hot air balloon sightseeing, paragliding, etc., also have different degrees of security risks. In addition, due to the differences in climate and geographical environment, the level of tourism infrastructure and sudden natural disasters, tourists are also at risk in travel and accommodation.

　　"Tourism safety risks can generally be divided into several categories." Zeng Bowei, an associate professor at the School of Tourism of Beijing Union University, said. First of all, normal visits can also be risky. For example, there are some hidden dangers in scenic spots with water and mountains, and warning signs and tips should be set up. If tourists pay attention to the risk warning information, it is easier to avoid such risks. In another case, tourists take part in adventure activities, such as outdoor sports and extreme sports planned by informal organizations, including extreme sports at high altitude, rock climbing or water sports, which are more risky. Especially for beginners, it is easy to have security problems.

　　Do a good job of risk warning

　　Strengthen the investigation of hidden dangers

　　Zhan Dongmei believes that tourism has strong comprehensiveness, wide coverage and long industrial chain, involving transportation, quality inspection, food, health, fire protection, meteorology, public security, entry and exit control and other fields. Problems in any link may damage the safety of tourists’ lives and property.

　　With the rapid expansion of the scale of the tourism market, tourists’ travel modes are increasingly diversified, the tourism industry chain is continuously extended, the domestic and international environment is increasingly diversified and complex, and the responsibility system for tourism safety supervision is not yet perfect. The probability of tourists encountering various safety risks during their travel is increasing day by day, and the pressure on tourism safety protection is increasing.

　　Zhan Dongmei said that the tourism authorities should do a good job in risk warning and management. Tourism business units should strengthen the ability of risk monitoring and early warning, establish an all-round and all-time risk monitoring and early warning system, monitor tourism risks in real time, and issue risk early warning to places and regions with excessive risks; Tourism organizations should actively do a good job in risk assessment and reminder, as well as publicity and education of tourism safety knowledge.

　　"Relevant departments have the responsibility to give necessary tips on risks, and to conduct timely investigations on the safety of tourist facilities in scenic spots." Zeng Bowei said that the tourism safety problems in some scenic spots are due to the safety problems of tourism facilities themselves. For such problems, we can eliminate hidden dangers in time by strengthening investigation. For tourism enterprises, especially operators, relevant departments should improve the rules and regulations of safety management. For example, when a travel agency organizes a group, it is necessary to give safety education to the guests in advance and popularize some necessary self-help methods and measures. Safety is the lifeline of the tourism industry. Only when the supervision is in place, the responsibility is not left blank, and the "safety belt" of tourism is tightened with strict systems and solid actions, can the unknown risk factor be minimized.

　　"Different tourism safety incidents have completely different definitions of responsibilities and need to be subdivided." Zeng Bowei said that if tourists are in distress while visiting the scenic spot, and the scenic spot has done the necessary warning or preventive measures, then the personal responsibility of tourists will be more. For example, the scenic spot heightens the protective fence in the dangerous area and sets up tips, but tourists have to climb regardless of the tips. The responsibility of this situation is more obvious.

　　Draw up a safety strategy

　　Buy supplementary insurance

　　Han Yuling, vice president of China Tourism Talent Development Research Institute, believes that many reasons for frequent tourism safety accidents are due to tourists’ lack of safety awareness.

　　"For example, in Beijing, some donkey friends like hiking in Fenghuangling Scenic Area, and people often get lost." Han Yuling said, "In order to reduce risks, the Beijing Tourism Commission specially installed safety light poles along the way that can emit light at night, charge mobile phones and have GPS positioning function to help lost tourists. However, many people feel that it is not exciting enough, so they choose to go further and go to the area where the safety light pole can’t reach. Some people think that the pursuit of excitement and attention to safety during the journey are mutually exclusive and cannot have both. But in fact, without security, how can we enjoy and experience the journey better? "

　　"Before traveling, it is best to draw up a safety strategy." Zhan Dongmei said that free travellers should properly understand the natural environment and social factors of their destinations, guard against potential safety hazards caused by extreme weather, and master the methods of seeking help in emergencies. For tourists who take part in tour groups, travel agencies usually introduce safety precautions before they leave, so they should listen carefully. Passengers traveling abroad should fully consider natural disasters, social security and other factors, and pay attention to the travel safety tips of embassies and consulates and tourism authorities in time.

　　Visitors should also enhance their awareness of safety and details. It is reported that there was a sudden braking of amusement facilities in Tianjin Happy Valley. After inspection, it was found that small objects such as hairpins and chewing gum dropped from tourists triggered the safety device. In fact, before taking the amusement facilities, the staff will explain the safety precautions, while some tourists are lucky, eager to save trouble and don’t pay attention to it. In the process of playing, we should always beware of casual little moves and small things that affect the safety of ourselves and others.

　　"If you are in distress during the trip, don’t panic. Asking for help is also skillful. " Zhan Dongmei said that after the distress, you should ask professional rescuers for help at the first time. If you can’t know the direction and the location of the distress, you must tell the rescuers as much information as possible about the terrain characteristics. If it’s getting late, it’s best to stay where you are and reduce other dangers during the journey. Call for help from the outside world by mobile phone, preferably by SMS, and turn it on every half hour to save the power of the mobile phone. When using a life-saving whistle for help, a distress signal should be issued according to the internationally accepted "six whistles per minute". When necessary, some branches or other combustible materials can be collected. After lighting, some wet branches or grass can be added to make it raise smoke and help rescuers determine the location.

　　Zeng Bowei said that buying insurance is becoming the choice of more and more tourists. Tourists should fully estimate the risks they may face when traveling, find out the insurance that suits them, and then choose an insurance company. Many people confuse travel agency liability insurance and travel accident insurance: travel agency liability insurance, which is required by the national tourism administration to insure passengers, and many cases are not covered by this insurance. When consumers travel, it is best to supplement their own travel accident insurance to add a layer of protection for travel.

January 12th, 2020, this day is worth remembering for China sports.

When I woke up, the men’s volleyball team and the Olympic Games lost to their opponents in the competition for the qualification of the Tokyo Olympic Games, and both said goodbye to Tokyo.

Coupled with the China men’s basketball team, which missed the direct promotion in the World Cup and had little chance of the play-offs, it is almost certain that China’s men’s three major balls will be absent from the Olympic Games for the first time in 36 years.

Slowly hit a question mark, which is almost the state of everyone who hears the news; Leaving a string of ellipsis silently has become the mentality that many fans are accustomed to such news.

The collective loneliness of the three big balls can not help but make people look at the professional development of our sports again.

The problem of professionalism cannot be hidden.

Back in time, 40 years ago, competitive sports was still a national affair, and athletes were paid wages and allowances. In that era, sports had little to do with money, and sports left us more inspiration and emotion.

In 1994, we finally made up our mind to build a professional football league of our own. After New Year’s Day that year, 25-year-old Fan Zhiyi got his first monthly salary after becoming a "professional player" — — 2500 yuan. For ordinary people with a monthly salary of two or three hundred at that time, this is definitely an "astronomical figure."

In 2019, the China Football Association issued a "salary limit order", stipulating that contracts signed by domestic players after November 20, 2019 are new contracts, and the pre-tax maximum salary does not exceed 10 million RMB, indicating that the Football Association has "can’t stand" the high salary of players.

From the past, the income was close to ten times that of ordinary people, and now I don’t know how many times it is. The professionalization of football brings players a lot of money, but it brings more inner "fragmentation" to fans.

When we don’t have much money, our football level can still "gallop across Asia" and enter a World Cup. Why is it that when we have money, the road to professionalism has taken so long, but it is hard to win?

Although achievement is not the only thing in competitive sports, it is the most intuitive KPI to observe the development of professionalism. It is not accidental that the men’s three big balls collectively "failed" the Olympic Games, but it is a concentrated manifestation of the inherent problems of China’s sports professionalization over the years.

Professionalization is not simple imitation and excessive commercialization.

In the development of sports professionalization, European and American countries and regions are well-deserved "leaders". For example, the development of professional leagues in the United States is relatively successful, and the "four major leagues" have strong influence all over the world. The contribution of professional sports to its economic and social development far exceeds the scope of sports.

For big ball sports, the objective requirements of high intensity and strong confrontation are not ruled out, but these "congenital factor theories" are more like an excuse in the face of the fact that Japanese and Korean players are blooming in the five major leagues of European football, which makes Lei Wu "wandering" alone in Spain even more sad.

Looking back on the road that sports professional leagues have traveled for so many years, we will more or less see the shadow of mature leagues in Europe and America. It is necessary to learn advanced, but the road of sports professionalization can’t be copied successfully by copying and pasting. It looks like it is unprepared. It is doomed to fail only by working hard on fur and packaging, and it can’t walk out of its own professional road by imitating regardless of differences.

In fact, some of our leagues are almost the same as mature leagues in form. We have everything in the regular season and playoffs, and awards such as top scorer and MVP have been awarded, but we have neglected the virtuous circle of a series of more important factors behind these mature professional leagues, such as advanced concepts, supporting models, social interaction and talent training.

In addition, some people’s understanding of professional leagues is too simple, and they equate professionalism with commercialization, thinking that "investment is in place, players are rich, the market is booming, and advertisements are placed" is professionalism.

As a result, commercialization has replaced professionalism. Everything is about money, and everything is about profit. As a result, professionalism has been stumped by impetuousness and chaos, supervision and morality have lost their position, and scandals such as match-fixing, black whistle and corruption are common. Such professionalism has failed to promote the level of competition.

A hurdle that must be overcome

Furthermore, before going professional, we took the national system, so although we can win gold and silver in the Olympic Games, the gold medals we won are basically "minority events" with insufficient popularization.

However, to build a sports power, it is not only supported by harvesting gold medals in "minority events", but also must occupy a place in popular and world-wide competitive events such as "Three Big Balls". The development of such projects depends only on competition, and we have no choice but to develop professionalism.

After the pilot of football professionalization, basketball and volleyball leagues have also begun. The league is made up of clubs, but most of the clubs at that time were born out of sports teams, and they were not really professional clubs. Such "congenital deficiency" clubs should not only serve the market, but also obey the administration, and even sacrifice for the Olympic Games and the National Games strategy. Even in the context of the separation of government and enterprise and the separation of management and operation, professional leagues are not so professional.

Some people think that sports are competitive sports when they talk about it. When they talk about competitive sports, they simply equate it with the Olympic Games, and link the level of competitive sports with the Olympic gold medal. They think that the Olympics is everything, and the league serves the Olympic training. Simple thinking and gold medal worship can’t make China’s sports really strong, on the contrary, it makes China’s sports professionalization lack international vision more and more.

Under the influence of this concept, the core question of professional development, "What is the purpose of sports professionalization and whether professional leagues should be led by the market or the administration", has not been answered. The goal and direction of development are not clear, and it is common for sports professionalization reform to appear repeatedly.

The reform is bound to be painful, but once some projects experience retrogression, the previous reforms will be limited, thus returning to the old road of market sidelining and administrative command "chasing gold and winning silver", and the deep-seated reform of professionalization cannot be smoothly promoted, which is also a hurdle that must be crossed on the road of sports professionalization in China.

In fact, over the years of professionalization, we have gained world-class athletes like Yao Ming and Li Na, but we should think more about how their "golden period" came about. If we don’t understand the truth, there will be many twists and turns on the road of sports professionalization in China.

"The blue sky is clear and clear", "Look at the picturesque mountains and clear waters, listen to the birds chirping and singing" and "White clouds are floating in the blue sky" … catchy lyrics describe people’s common beauty. However, in some places, such beautiful scenery is rare, and problems such as frequent smog weather, black and smelly water bodies and garbage siege are still the pain of people’s skin.

The Opinions of the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening Ecological Environmental Protection in an All-round Way and Resolutely Fighting Pollution Prevention and Control (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions") published on the 24th made arrangements for comprehensively strengthening ecological environmental protection and resolutely fighting pollution prevention and control.

The target indicators maintain continuity, but also put forward new requirements, which are closely combined with the feelings of the people.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has resolutely declared war on pollution, and successively implemented three major action plans to prevent and control air, water and soil pollution, thus solving a number of major environmental problems. On the whole, the quality of ecological environment has been improving steadily, but the effect is not stable.

China is in a period of rapid industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. Li Ganjie, Minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that the environmental problems in developed countries in the past 200 years have been concentrated in the rapid development of China for more than 30 years. The old environmental problems have not been solved yet, and new environmental problems are coming one after another.

"China’s environmental capacity is limited, the environmental carrying capacity has reached or approached the upper limit, the ecosystem is fragile, and the ecological environment with heavy pollution, great losses and high risks has not been fundamentally reversed." Wu Shunze, director of the Research Center for Environment and Economic Policy of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that the compressed, complex and cumulative environmental problems accumulated over the years could not be cured in just a few years.

China’s ecological civilization construction and ecological environment protection are facing unprecedented challenges and historical opportunities. Li Ganjie said that China’s economy has changed from high-speed growth to high-quality development, green recycling and low-carbon development have been further promoted, and the macroeconomic environment is more favorable. In addition, the development and accumulation of 40 years of reform and opening up have provided a solid material, technical and talent foundation for solving ecological and environmental problems, and the dividend of ecological civilization system reform has been gradually released, which has added a strong impetus to ecological and environmental protection. China’s ecological and environmental protection has entered a stage of not owing new accounts but paying off old ones.

Xu Bijiu, Inspector General of the State Environmental Protection Supervision Office, introduced that the Opinions mainly take 2020 as the time node, taking into account 2035 and the middle of this century, and set targets from three levels: quality, total amount and risk. The Opinions set specific targets by 2020. For example, the concentration of fine particles in cities at or above the prefecture level has dropped by more than 18% compared with 2015, and the ratio of days with excellent air quality in cities at or above the prefecture level has reached more than 80%; The proportion of Class I-III surface water bodies in China is over 70%, and the proportion of inferior Class V water bodies is controlled within 5%. The red line area of ecological protection accounts for about 25%; The forest coverage rate reached more than 23.04%.

"These targets and indicators are scientific decisions made by the central authorities after overall consideration, maintaining continuity and putting forward new requirements, which are closely integrated with the feelings of ordinary people." Xu Bijiu said that by speeding up the construction of an ecological civilization system, the spatial pattern, industrial structure, production mode and lifestyle of resource conservation and ecological environment protection will be generally formed by 2035, the quality of ecological environment will be fundamentally improved, and the goal of a beautiful China will be basically achieved. By the middle of this century, ecological civilization will be improved in an all-round way and the national governance system and governance capacity in the field of ecological environment will be modernized.

Focus on key areas, seize the weak links, and fight three major defense battles and seven major landmark battles.

Focusing on key areas, the Opinions clearly require that three major battles (blue sky, clear water and pure land) and seven major landmark battles (winning the blue sky battle, fighting diesel truck pollution control, water source protection, black and odorous water treatment, Yangtze River protection and restoration, comprehensive management of Bohai Sea, and agricultural and rural pollution control) should be well fought, and solid results have been achieved.

"Resolutely winning the blue sky defense war is the top priority of the battle against pollution." Xu Bijiu said that the "Three-year Action Plan to Win the Blue Sky Defence War" will be issued and implemented in the near future. The general idea of winning the blue sky defense war is "four fours": highlighting four key points, optimizing four major structures, strengthening four supports and realizing four obvious.

Highlighting four key points, namely, the key pollution prevention factor is PM2.5, the key areas are Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta and the Fenwei Plain, the key period is autumn and winter, and the key industries and fields are steel, thermal power, building materials and other industries, as well as "scattered pollution" enterprises, loose coal, diesel trucks, dust and other fields. Optimize the four major structures, that is, optimize the industrial structure, energy structure, transportation structure and land use structure. Strengthen the four supports, that is, strengthen environmental protection law enforcement supervision, regional joint defense and control, scientific and technological innovation and publicity and guidance. To achieve the "Four Nothings" is to further significantly reduce the concentration of PM2.5, significantly reduce the days of heavy pollution, significantly improve the ambient air quality, and significantly enhance people’s blue sky happiness.

Efforts will be made to fight the battle for clear water, ensure the safety of drinking water, and basically eliminate urban black and odorous water bodies. "To fight the battle for clear water, we will emphasize the protection of water and the treatment of poor water, ensure the safety of people’s drinking water, and keep the bottom line of water environment quality." Xu Bijiu said that in tackling key problems, both emission reduction and capacity expansion were emphasized. Grasp the rectification of three major types of pollution sources: industry, agriculture and life, and greatly reduce pollutant emissions; Grasping the renovation of water ecosystem with one hand, effectively expanding the capacity of water body to accept pollution and self-purification.

Solidly promote the defense of pure land, with the focus on preventing and controlling environmental risks. "Focusing on the goal of improving soil environmental quality and preventing and controlling environmental risks, laying a foundation, building a system and keeping the bottom line." Xu Bijiu said that it is necessary to fully implement the action plan for soil pollution prevention and control, take measures such as promoting the safe use of contaminated farmland, strictly controlling the use of construction land, accelerating the classified disposal of garbage, and completely prohibiting the entry of foreign garbage, highlighting key areas, industries and pollutants, and effectively controlling the soil environmental risks of agricultural land and urban construction land, so that ordinary people can eat and live with peace of mind.

All localities and departments should keep a close eye on the target, ensure the completion, and not let a region and a river basin fall behind.

Eco-environmental problems have been formed for a long time, and it takes a long process to solve them fundamentally. Xu Bijiu said that it is necessary to combine far and near, not only concentrate on fighting tough battles, but also make overall plans, pay attention to source prevention, expand capacity and strengthen security.

Source prevention is the fundamental policy to solve ecological and environmental problems. "To promote the formation of a green development mode and lifestyle, this is an important part of the tough battle and an important guarantee. The discharge of pollutants has dropped significantly from the source, and the quality of the ecological environment can be significantly improved." Xu Bijiu said that it is necessary to promote the development of green and low-carbon economic cycle, promote the overall conservation of energy resources, and at the same time guide the public to live a green life. Through the green change of lifestyle, it will force the green transformation of production methods.

Ecological protection and pollution prevention are inseparable and interactive. The "Opinions" require that the red line of ecological protection should be delineated and strictly observed, and the area accounting for about 25% of the national land space should be included in the red line of ecological protection according to the principle of ensuring all the protection and all the planning; Resolutely investigate and deal with ecological damage. Before the end of 2018, local governments at or above the county level will comprehensively investigate illegal and illegal activities such as occupying ecological space and destroying natural relics; Establish a system of nature reserves, and by 2020, integrate and set up a number of national parks, and basically establish relevant laws and regulations and management systems for nature reserves.

Perfecting the ecological environment supervision system, economic policy system, rule of law system, capacity guarantee system and social action system is an important guarantee for fighting the battle against pollution. The "Opinions" require improving the ecological environment supervision system and strengthening the unified supervision of ecological protection and restoration and pollution prevention and control; To improve the economic policy system for eco-environmental protection, capital investment should be tilted to the tough battle for pollution prevention and control, and the investment should be matched with the tough task. The central and local governments should increase investment in eco-environmental protection, gradually establish a normalized and stable financial capital investment mechanism, give full play to the role of market mechanism, and incite more social capital to enter the field of eco-environmental protection.

The "Opinions" clarify that the secretary of the provincial party committee, the secretary of the municipal party committee, the secretary of the county party committee, the governor, the mayor and the county magistrate take overall responsibility for the ecological environment protection work and the quality of the ecological environment in their respective administrative areas; Formulate the assessment methods for the effectiveness of the provincial party committees, people’s congresses, governments and relevant departments of the central and state organs, and the assessment results will serve as an important basis for the comprehensive assessment, reward and punishment, appointment and dismissal of leading bodies and leading cadres of local party committees, people’s congresses, governments and relevant departments of the central and state organs.

"All localities and departments should keep an eye on the target, fight on the wall chart, ensure the completion, and consolidate and improve the places with fast progress and good results; Where progress is slow and the effect is poor, it is necessary to catch up and ensure that one region and one basin are not left behind. " Xu Bijiu said. (Reporter Yan Jiangze)