Among the six urban characteristics summarized in this study, providing opportunities and guarantees for young people’s development and self-realization is the most critical. Young people also long for an open, respectful and independent social communication environment.

Protecting the mental health of teenagers is not only beneficial to the development of the city itself, but also fundamentally promotes the development of the country.

Cold high-rise buildings, crowded and unfamiliar people, long commuting and busy work … Although cities provide people with opportunities for health, education and economic growth, atomized urban life can easily have a negative impact on people’s mental health, especially for young people in the period of physical and mental development.

What does the city need to do to protect the mental health of young people? Recently, a study collected the opinions of residents from many countries and outlined the appearance of a livable city for their inner youth.

This study was published in the journal Nature on March 7, 2024 (published online on February 21), and was jointly completed by 30 authors from different countries and institutions. Through several rounds of questionnaires to 518 respondents (45% aged 25-35) from 53 countries, including China, the researchers identified and summarized 37 urban features that are beneficial to young people’s mental health.

Researchers classify these characteristics according to six dimensions of urban ecological model, namely: personal, interpersonal, community, organization, policy and environment. They also rank these standards comprehensively according to three different frameworks (immediate impact on the mental health of young people in cities, ability to help young people thrive in cities, and ease or feasibility of implementation).

Finally, on the basis of these characteristics, the authors put forward some intervention policies for schools, communities and other urban institutions, thus providing a better environment for young people.

Researchers believe that protecting teenagers’ mental health is not only beneficial to the development of the city itself, but also fundamentally promotes the development of the country. "The actions for the mental health of teenagers are in the same direction as the actions of the country to achieve its development goals. Collective actions that coordinate and arouse social concern in these areas are not only beneficial to young people, but also to cities. " The study wrote.

Self-development, mutual respect and independence

Among the six urban characteristics summarized in this study, "providing opportunities and guarantees for young people to develop and realize themselves" is the most critical. At the same time, young people also long for an open, respectful and independent social communication environment.

In the personal field, imparting life and work skills and providing young people with development opportunities are considered to be the most important urban features, while respecting the privacy and independence of young people is in the second place. In addition, it can provide emotional value and motivation to overcome challenges, help young people look forward to the future, and provide related emotional resources such as learning, reflection, perseverance, passion and empathy, which is also what individuals hope to obtain from urban life.

In the interpersonal field, mutual respect and independent self-esteem are considered as ideal interpersonal relationships for young people. "Create an open environment where everyone can respect the feelings, opinions and choices of young people" won the highest score. In addition, young people also hope to be safe and healthy in their relationships, have critical and constructive communication, and have the courage to assume intergenerational responsibilities.

In the field of community, young people want to get a safe and free public space to gather, socialize, learn and connect with each other. All areas of community life should be open to young people and provide opportunities to serve the community.

In the field of individual-interpersonal-community, self-realization and independent social interaction can promote the mental health of young people in urban life, while the field of organization-policy-environment further provides relevant resources and opportunities.

In the field of organization, "providing employment opportunities suitable for young people, so that young people have job security and satisfaction" won the highest score, a progressive and supportive education system ranked second, and friendly health services, including sexual and reproductive health services and mental health services tied for third place.

In the field of policy, the respondents said that urban design and planning should pay attention to the opinions of young people and pay attention to the needs of different genders. Young people also hate discrimination, and hope to create an equal environment in all aspects of race and gender, and reject all forms of violence.

Finally, in the field of environment, the highest score is to seek the solution of "social factors affecting young people’s mental health". Many psychological problems can be traced back to the social environment, and respondents said that these factors should be actively reflected and solved. In addition, healthy food, economic housing, green space, good public transportation and accessible public cultural activities are the keys to improve young people’s mental health.

Urban intervention: involving young people

The study points out that to intervene in urban organization, policy and environment in view of the above aspects, it needs the joint action of multiple urban departments and levels. "A clear plan may include convening meetings, building consensus on local priority interventions at local, regional and national levels, and making plans to attract stakeholders to jointly design implementation strategies."

These stakeholders include schools, health systems, families and communities, religious institutions, child protection and justice systems, civil society and the media.

Taking schools as an example, the study holds that schools should strengthen general intervention in mental health promotion, not only provide psychological care programs, but also adopt a "whole-school approach" to let students, families, communities and other institutions participate in the process of psychological services and improve academic achievements.

The research believes that expanding youth governance and attracting young people with diverse identities to participate in the joint design of mental health friendly city plans are the key to intervention.

Researchers take the "Growing Up Boulder" initiative in Boulder City, Nevada, USA as an example. The initiative is jointly run by the University of Colorado, Boulder City Hall, Boulder Valley School District, State Councilor Dorothy Rupert, local non-profit and commercial organizations, and local children and adolescents aged 0-18, aiming at creating a fairer and more sustainable community. Among them, young people participate in and design the city through community assessment, drawing, photo recording and communication with city representatives.

The study also mentioned that community-based large-scale intervention is also a means to create a psychologically friendly city, and took South Africa’s "stepping stones and creating futures" plan as an example. By providing "crossing obstacles" courses (about AIDS prevention and intimate relationship violence) and "creating the future" courses (about work knowledge) to community gender groups, the program has successfully reduced the violence of young men against their partners and improved women’s economic status.

Author: film and television weather vane

On January 12th, the director Zhang Yimou announced that the film Article 20 would be released on the first day of the Lunar New Year on February 10th. Together with Boonie Bears: Time Twist, Pegasus 2, The Movie Emperor, YOLO and Viva La Vida, six films will be released this Spring Festival.

After New Year’s Day, as the Spring Festival in the Year of the Loong is approaching, this week’s film market in China has set off a wave of climax of the Spring Festival movie booking. From January 10 to 12, there were four heavy new films for three consecutive days, which will be released on the first day of February 10.

At 16: 00 on January 10th, Han Han directed and acted as a screenwriter. Pegasus 2, starring Shen Teng, Adam, Andrew, Zhang Ben Yu and Sean, was the first to announce in the official Weibo that it would be released in the Spring Festival this year, and at the same time, it released a finalized poster and trailer.

At 10: 00 a.m. on January 11th, Jia Ling announced in the form of a "small composition" on her personal Weibo that YOLO, which she directed and starred with Lei Jiayin, would be released on New Year’s Day.

On the morning of Friday, January 12th, "Article 20", directed by Zhang Yimou and starring Lei Jiayin, Mary and many other stars, released the news, posters and trailers. This is the third consecutive year that Zhang Yimou’s film has been shown in the Spring Festival.

The above four films, together with nail house and Boonie Bears: Time Twist, which were officially announced on December 27th last year, and the comedy The Movie Emperor, which was released in the Spring Festival this year in November last year, have so far made six films enter this year’s Spring Festival movie market.

Looking at the six films of this year’s Spring Festival, the biggest feature from the genre is that there are actually five comedies! It is the most celebrated Spring Festival file in the past years.

"The Movie Emperor" is directed by Ning Hao, written by Liu Xiaodan and Wang Ang, starring Andy Lau, and starring Rima Xidan, Dan Liwen, Lin Xilei, Zhou Wei and Liu Yilin. It tells the story of Hong Kong superstar Liu Weichi’s cooperation with director Lin Hao in filming rural movies in order to win the best actor, which leads to a series of ridiculous farce stories.

In the Spring Festival last year, the costume suspense comedy "Man Jiang Hong" directed by Zhang Yimou took 4.544 billion yuan at the box office and won the annual box office champion. This year’s Spring Festival, director Zhang Yimou brought his realistic comedy Article 20. The film tells the story of a middle-aged prosecutor who was involved in a controversial case, which led to a series of ironic stories.

In the Spring Festival of 2019, the racing comedy "Flying Life" directed by Han Han and starring Shen Teng, Johnny and Andrew earned 1.729 billion yuan at the box office, making it the highest-grossing movie by Han Han so far.

Five years later, "Pegasus 2" will finally be released. Shen Teng will continue to play the down-and-out racer Zhang Chi in the film, and many comedians such as Andrew, Adam, Sean, Wei Xiang, Jia Bing and Zheng Kai will join in, which adds comedy to the film.

The film is starring Jia Ling and Lei Jiayin, starring Zhang Xiaofei, Zhao Haiyan, Zhang Qi, Xu Juncong, Yu Bu, Zhu Tianfu and Liu Honglu, and starring Yang Zi, Sha Yi, Wei Xiang, Li Xueqin, Shen Chunyang, Shen Tao, Ma Li and Qiao Shan. Judging from the synopsis, it should continue the comedy style with tears in laughter.

Viva La Vida, based on documentary reports, tells the story of two young people’s brave "life-and-death agreement", and finally sees the sunshine of life. It is directed by Han Yan following Fuck off! The last work of the trilogy of life after tumor jun and A Little Red Flower. The first two word-of-mouth box offices are good, and this time it is also expected.

In addition to the above five live-action movies, this year’s Spring Festival will also feature Boonie Bears: Time Twist, the 10th work of the series of animated films. As a series of movies with the best IP continuity in mainland China, this year is the 10th time that Bears Come and Go meets the audience during the Spring Festival.

"Boonie Bears: Time Twist" still tells the story of Logger Vick and Xiong Da Xiong Er, and still has the strong comedy color necessary for this series of animated films, and also adds sci-fi elements. In recent years, the big movies of Bears are all comedy+science fiction, which have achieved good box office and reputation. If there is no accident this year, the film will still occupy an important place in the Spring Festival file.

However, Stephen Chow’s agent has denied that "Mermaid 2" will be released in the Spring Festival this year, and the second part of "Volunteers" has not been announced at present, which is unlikely. The most likely airborne Spring Festival file is Legend directed by Tang Jili, starring Jackie Chan, LAY, Naza and Aarif Lee.

In addition, there may be an animated film squeezed into this year’s Spring Festival file. Although it is hard to rival Boonie Bears: Time Twist, with such a large market capacity of the Spring Festival, only one animated film can not meet the audience’s viewing needs.

The highest box office in China’s film history is 7.842 billion yuan in 2021. In 2023, the Spring Festival closed at 6.765 billion yuan, ranking second in the box office of China film history.

Judging from the movies that have been scheduled at present, it is very difficult to break the box office record of the Spring Festival this year. I hope all the released movies can achieve good box office results!

　　In order to show the achievements of the first anniversary of the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port in an all-round way and comprehensively expound the main policies and major measures to promote the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port in the past year, today (June 20) morning, Hainan held a press conference to officially release the White Paper on the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port (2021). The white paper includes preface, text and appendix, with a total of 65318 words. Among them, the text is divided into three parts: "central care and departmental support, Hainan’s exploration and practice, and the implementation of the overall plan", with a total of 21,673 words. It describes the implementation of the relevant policies and systems determined in the Master Plan from eleven aspects, including free and convenient trade, free and convenient investment, free and convenient cross-border capital flow, free and convenient personnel entry and exit, free and convenient transportation, safe and orderly data flow, modern industrial system, tax system, social governance, rule of law construction, and risk prevention and control.

　　The appendix of the white paper includes the memorabilia of Hainan Free Trade Port construction and the catalogue of key policy documents. Memorabilia records more than 400 important events of Hainan Free Trade Port in the year since the release of the Master Plan. The catalogue of key policy documents sorts out the names and document numbers of 135 key policy documents related to the construction of free trade ports issued in the past year. (Headquarters reporter Zhu Yong Zhong Huaxia)

The article was transferred from WeChat official account: beebee Planet (ID: Beebee Sub).

There is a hidden rule in Antarctic scientific research, that is, after licking the seals, they should be slapped.

This has become a kind of habitual action, so that some wives of scientific researchers complain that when they come home from scientific research, their backhand is a slap in the face after slapping the dog.

In the Antarctic, I don’t know how many seals have been slapped by researchers.

The picture below shows a smoked seal. After being smoked, it was lucky enough to be photographed by scientists. Dr guderian, who took this photo, said that the seal was a little depressed and lay on the ice sheet for nearly three hours, but it was a necessary measure.

Scientists explain that this behavior is to prevent seals from being hunted or hurt because they trust humans too much.

That slap is to let the seal know that human beings are all predators with ulterior motives, and they are close to them just to beat them when they are most comfortable.

If you don’t get beaten, you don’t know what’s good or bad. If I want to protect you, I have to beat you first.

Swedish documentary director Latif tweeted that when he saw this phenomenon in the Antarctic, he felt a little cruel and incredible.

However, the researchers said that the current cruelty is to prevent the seal from encountering greater cruelty in the future, and also invited him to smoke together because "it feels really good."

Russian scientist Ter Soschi, who worked in Enderby, Antarctica for two years, admitted that he had beaten at least ten seals.

Colleagues jokingly called him "Antarctic bear" and said he was a sword to defend the ecological balance in Antarctica.

But not every researcher can take it easy. Dr. Shelton, who worked in McMurdo Station, said that in the Antarctic, he beat five baby seals, which made him feel guilty and sad.

After returning to his residence in California, he dreamed of the baby seal he had fanned countless times, which inevitably woke up at night. To this day, he is still receiving psychotherapy.

"Although it is good for it, the slap in the face is indeed a real fan in its face."

"In the Antarctic, seals are top predators. In their cognition, almost no land creatures can harm them, so they are not afraid of humans at all."

Professor nieminen, a famous environmentalist in Finland, said, "They may choose to be close to human beings, but we can’t let them choose to be close to human beings because it may bring risks to their ethnic groups."

In fact, without the Antarctic Convention signed in 1961, a large number of related people and countless slapping efforts, Antarctic seals would be hunted like their counterparts in Canada.

Canadian seal hunters kill tens of thousands of head seals every year, most of which are baby seals less than three months old. And in order to ensure the fur is in good condition, they don’t even want to give the seal a good time, but beat the seal’s head with a stick until the seal dies, just as rude as a gangster.

In fact, according to the relevant provisions of the Antarctic Environmental Protection Law, not to mention touching, ordinary tourists can’t even take the initiative to approach wild animals in Antarctica unless they take the initiative to slap you. This is precisely to prevent human beings from interfering too much with the ecological environment of Antarctica.

Scientists come into contact with seals mainly to do some scientific research. The sensor they put on the seal’s head can help scientists understand the Antarctic climate change and the habits of seals, so it is helpless for scientists to get in touch with seals.

People from animal protection organizations have questioned this behavior. The Russian at Dongfang Station retorted that unless you can learn seal language and explain it to them, we will continue to slap them in the face.

"If you reason with me in an unreasonable way, maybe I will slap you in the face."

After evaluating the IQ of the seal and his own IQ, the animal protection organization chose to shut up.

"If possible, we don’t want to slap seals," said a researcher at the research station of Helsinki University in Finland. "It hurts in our hearts to hit them. But if they don’t fight, they will never know the horror of human beings. "

"I only hope that all species can live in harmony on this earth as much as possible, without unnecessary killings, disputes and violence."

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　　Small holiday is an important window to stimulate consumption vitality and observe the inherent potential of the economy. With the release of various May Day holiday booking data, industry insiders analyzed that this year’s May Day holiday will become "the hottest May Day Golden Week in history". Through these data, we may get a glimpse of the economic vitality and consumption potential in the tourism market behind the strong holiday market demand.

　　Economy class of some flights in many places has been sold out.

　　"I didn’t expect it to be so hot." Jing Jiang, who hasn’t traveled for a year, plans to spend her holiday in Sanya during the May Day holiday. However, when booking air tickets, she found that the economy class of flights from Chengdu to Sanya was almost full price from April 30th, and some direct flights were sold out on May 1st, leaving only a few business class tickets, with the highest price of 10,120 yuan.

　　"The volume and price have risen together". Judging from the booking situation of Ctrip tickets, at present, some flights in economy class have been sold out, the order volume of air tickets has increased by 23%, and the average fare of economy class is 1,021 yuan, exceeding the average price in the same period in 2019. According to the big data of air tickets from the same journey, the booking situation of May Day air tickets as of mid-April shows that there is a strong demand for domestic civil aviation travel from April 30 to May 5, and the average air ticket price is around 800 yuan (excluding airport construction fees and fuel costs), among which the average air ticket price in the last two days of the holiday will exceed that in 1000 yuan, exceeding the level of the same period in 2019 and 2020.

　　The same tight phenomenon also appears in train ticket booking. According to the big data of the same journey platform, the pre-sale of train tickets on April 16 shows that the tickets on most lines of train tickets on the day before the May Day holiday (April 30) appeared "second light". On April 30th, the query volume of train tickets on the same journey platform surged 56 times compared with the ordinary working day in April before and after the ticket release. Guangzhou South Railway Station, Chengdu East Railway Station and Shenzhen North Railway Station will be the railway stations with the largest passenger flow.

　　Per capita consumption of inter-provincial travel increased significantly year-on-year

　　"The first batch of May Day guests in the store booked the air ticket hotel in early April. Judging from the current booking situation, the domestic tour during the May Day Golden Week this year must be very hot ‘ Explosion ’ The inter-provincial tour of 4 to 6 days is the most popular, such as Sanya in Hainan, Kanas in Xinjiang, Xishuangbanna in Yunnan and other line products are the most popular among tourists. " Hoang Cam, assistant general manager of Sichuan Youth Travel Service, told the reporter that this year, tourists’ demand for group tours has also changed, such as choosing more high-quality boutique holiday hotels and villas for travel accommodation, and the booking volume of high-end private groups with better travel quality has also increased significantly.

　　The five-day long holiday during the May Day holiday has stimulated the rapid warming of cross-provincial travel products of travel agencies. As of April 14th, the number of people booking May 1st inter-provincial group tours through Ctrip platform has increased nearly six times compared with the same period in April (covering Tomb-Sweeping Day). At the same time, the travel data of the same journey also shows that as of April 15th, the booking volume of domestic inter-provincial travel and Zhou Bianyou during the May Day holiday has exceeded that during the Qingming holiday, among which the domestic inter-provincial travel and Qingming holiday increased by 200% month-on-month, up by 170% compared with the same period in 2020, and it is expected that these two figures will continue to widen in the next two weeks.

　　From the perspective of travel price, the May Day holiday has a certain increase compared with before and after the holiday. For example, "Sanya pure play +180-degree invincible sea view room+Atlantis Aquarium or Water World+wuzhizhou+Paradise Forest Park+Tianya +108 meters South China Sea for a 5-day group tour", the current price is between 4,528 yuan and 5,200 yuan until April 28, and it rises from 6,796 yuan to May 1 from April 29.

　　What is the per capita consumption budget of tourists who choose to travel across provinces? Shenzhen, Hefei, Wuxi, Xiamen and Nanjing are cities with high per capita consumption of inter-provincial travel in China. The average per capita consumption of TOP10 cities is about 2,890 yuan, and in 2020 this figure will be about 1,688 yuan.

　　Hotel orders exceeded the same period in 2019.

　　While the passenger flow has increased significantly, the average prices of hotels and car rentals in popular tourist destinations have also increased significantly. The average prices of hotels in some areas even exceeded the pre-epidemic level, and the car rental prices also showed an upward trend of 30% to 40%.

　　Ctrip data shows that the current hotel order volume has increased by 43% compared with 2019, and many high-star hotels have been hard to find a room. The average price of hotel orders corresponding to Ctrip platform has risen, surpassing the average price in the same period in 2019. According to the big data of accommodation on the same journey platform, among the top ten tourist cities, the biggest increase was over 200%. For example, the year-on-year increase in Qinhuangdao was as high as 222.2%, and even the average hotel prices in some cities exceeded the same period in 2019. For example, the average hotel price in Sanya increased by 80.5% compared with the same period in 2019, and the average price per night was as high as 1,696 yuan.

　　Ctrip data also shows that the current car rental orders for May Day travel have increased by 126% compared with the same period in 2019, of which nearly 90% are inter-provincial demand. The number of car rental orders in Northwest China, Xinjiang and Xizang showed an "alarming" growth trend. Compared with the same period in 2019, the car rental orders in Xining, Yinchuan, Kashgar, Urumqi and Lhasa increased by 198%, 271%, 500%, 367% and 229% respectively. (Reporter Li Yanqin)

　　　　　　 CCTV News:The 10th China Conference on Chronic Diseases Management closed yesterday (15th). The reporter learned from the conference that the threat of chronic non-communicable diseases to human beings is becoming more and more serious. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization in 2018, the number of deaths caused by chronic diseases in the world is about 41 million every year, and the situation of prevention and control of chronic diseases in China is not optimistic, and chronic diseases have become the number one killer endangering national health.

　　　　　　 Wang Chen, dean of Peking Union Medical College, China Academy of Medical Sciences, said: "Chronic diseases are short for chronic non-communicable diseases, and the World Health Organization calls them four chronic diseases, namely cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and metabolic diseases. Internationally, chronic diseases account for 87% of human deaths, and China accounts for 86%, which means that 86% of Chinese’s deaths are caused by chronic diseases. "

　　　　　　 According to experts, chronic non-communicable diseases are related to overweight, obesity, long-term overeating, insufficient exercise, nutritional imbalance, smoking and drinking, viral infection, autoimmune and other factors. Mental stress and emotional depression are often easy to cause a variety of chronic diseases, which are often ignored by people because of their own characteristics, which is also the main cloud cause of high incidence of chronic diseases in recent years.

　　　　　　 Wang Chen: "It doesn’t happen immediately after infection, like infectious diseases, so it makes patients suffer invisibly and unconsciously, which is an important feature of chronic disease." The more so, the more it deserves our attention in our daily life, and it is extremely prominent and important for China people to correct their bad habits. "

　　　　　　 Experts say that chronic diseases are treated in hospitals and prevented in individuals. At present, it is the focus of chronic disease prevention and treatment in China to guide people to seek medical treatment scientifically, use drugs rationally and change their lifestyle. Experts say that the treatment of chronic diseases is a systematic project, and scientific medical treatment and rational drug use are an important link in the treatment of chronic diseases.

　　　　　　 Weng Jianping, Executive Dean of School of Clinical Medicine, China University of Science and Technology: "It may be a combination of many diseases. For example, a person may have hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and other mental health diseases at the same time, so it is very necessary for doctors to identify the characteristics and problems of this patient, including the causes."

　　　　　　 Experts suggest that chronic diseases, as a kind of diseases coexisting with living habits, and their related risk factors are common in the population. Therefore, developing a healthy lifestyle is the focus of prevention and control of chronic diseases.

　　　　　　 Weng Jianping, Executive Dean of School of Clinical Medicine, China University of Science and Technology, said: "For ordinary people or most people, if they have no genetic background, I believe that a healthy lifestyle, including proper exercise and light diet, with less salt and less oil, is the most basic thing to do. In particular, the education and improvement of young people’s lifestyles and working methods is one of the most important, effective and direct factors to prevent chronic diseases. "

　　　　　　 Research shows that mental health problems will increase the risk of chronic diseases, and effective psychological intervention is not only an effective means to prevent and control chronic diseases, but also plays a positive role in the rehabilitation of patients.

　　　　　　 Studies have shown that serious mental health problems can induce a variety of chronic diseases. In China, 16%-17.5% of adults suffer from depression, but most people with mental disorders never seek help from mental health or psychologists, thus increasing the risk of chronic diseases.

　　　　　　 Peng Kaiping, Dean of Tsinghua University Academy of Social Sciences, said: "If our mentality is not good, long-term stress, long-term depression and anxiety can all cause cardiovascular diseases and endocrine disorders, and our various immune systems will be hurt, including our gastrointestinal problems, including our sleep, pregnancy, emotional activities, memory and actions."

　　　　　　 Studies have shown that 50-70% of patients with chronic diseases such as malignant tumors suffer from depression and 40-50% from anxiety, which not only destroys the normal physiological function of the body, but also causes emotional reactions such as pain, anxiety, depression, fear and despair, and even refuses treatment. So timely psychological intervention is particularly important.

　　　　　　 Zhang Minghui, director of the Institute of Cytology, Tsinghua University Clinical Medical College, said: "For some diseases that cause serious psychological problems, such as cancer patients, in addition to drug treatment or after drug intervention, we can create a relaxed and good living environment or working environment for them in time, which is very valuable for the rehabilitation of these chronic diseases. In modern medicine, we can use scales or modern testing to give an objective qualitative or evaluation."

　　　　　　 Experts point out that psychological intervention can help people with mental health problems get personalized help to cope with some health risks faced by their bodies and reduce the probability of chronic diseases.

At the press conference on epidemic prevention and control in Shanghai on the morning of April 27th, Shen Min, deputy director of Shanghai Civil Affairs Bureau, said that during the epidemic prevention and control period, the elderly, especially the very old, the elderly living alone, the sick and the disabled, will face more difficulties than ordinary people, such as lack of living materials, inability to take care of their children and inconvenience in seeking medical advice. Relevant departments and various districts, towns and villages have been taking measures to try their best to solve the problem. "But we also know that there are still places in the work that are not in place. The demands of some groups with special difficulties have not been discovered in time, and the response is not timely enough."

Shen Min said that the departments of civil affairs, health and wellness, commerce, and the Disabled Persons’ Federation have recently worked together to form work guidelines, further strengthening the care and protection for groups with special difficulties during the epidemic, and focusing on improving the following aspects:

One isImprove the mechanism of active discovery. First of all, it is required to fully rely on the original working mechanism, such as the community pension consultant in the civil affairs system, the "old partner plan" mechanism, the "one-button service for the elderly" platform in various districts, and the working system of the Disabled Persons’ Federation, etc., to comprehensively find out the actual needs of the elderly living alone, the recipients of pension service subsidies, the elderly with special difficulties who were left unattended because their families were isolated during the epidemic, and the people with special difficulties and disabilities who actually lived alone temporarily because their children’s relatives’ residences were blocked.

Shen Min said, in particular, we propose that we must dynamically grasp the needs of groups with special difficulties by establishing a real-time discovery mechanism. To this end, the hotline of the old-age service in each district was announced, and a special person was arranged to answer it 24 hours a day. In addition, actively promote the establishment of a volunteer team at the residential level to serve the special hardship groups in this residential area, collect the living needs of the special hardship groups in this residential area in time and give help. We hope that the district civil affairs bureaus and district disabled persons’ federations will establish a "list database of needs of special hardship groups" during the epidemic period through the above mechanism, so as to find out and respond in time.

The second isImprove the mechanism of resource allocation, and strive to implement the living security for groups with special difficulties. It is required to establish a platform for overall resource allocation through "special work classes" with towns as the hub (if towns have difficulties, they will be upgraded to the district level for overall planning). After finding out the needs of groups with special difficulties, towns will respond in time and solve related problems. For example, provide the distribution of general living materials for groups with special difficulties, allocate cruise taxis specially for going out for medical treatment, coordinate the catering and life care service resources at the street and town level, and deal with emergencies.

At the district level, establish a coordination mechanism for the living security of groups with special difficulties, specifically to solve the security needs that cannot be solved by towns and villages, especially some personalized materials in short supply, such as catheters and adult diapers, which are solved by all districts as a whole; For those that cannot be solved at the district level, it is clearly solved by large state-owned enterprises such as Bailian Group and Shanghai Pharmaceutical.

The third isImprove the mechanism of delivery to home. The basic living materials of the groups with special difficulties are distributed to the community by the towns and towns as a whole, and delivered to the door by the community neighborhood committees or volunteer teams. "Be sure to ensure the smooth delivery of the last 100 meters."

In addition, relying on the role of the volunteer team, help the special difficult groups to dispense drugs. Many districts have taken substantial actions, and some districts have formed a relatively complete working system.

　　Comparison of spike protein mutation between Delta strain and Omicron strain (picture from Rome Children’s Hospital)

　　■ On November 27th, local time, the research team of Rome Children’s Hospital released the world’s first picture of Omicron, a new mutant strain of Covid-19.

　　■ The picture shows that compared with Delta strain of COVID-19 mutant virus, Omicron strain has more spike protein mutations. These variations are diverse, and most of them are located in the areas that interact with human cells.

　　■ Researchers say that Covid-19 has adapted to the human body through mutation, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that it has become more dangerous.

　　The first case of Omicron virus infection occurred in Italy.

　　On November 27th, local time, Italy confirmed the first case of Covid-19 mutant strain Omicron infection by laboratory sequencing. Italy’s "Corriere della Serra" reported that the patient lived in Campania region in southern Italy and returned from a trip to Mozambique. He had previously tested positive for Covid-19 and was isolated, and now he is in good health.

　　On November 26th, local time, the Italian Ministry of Health has decided to ban people who have stayed in eight African countries including South Africa and Zimbabwe in the past 14 days.

　　Peter Hotz, a professor at Baylor Medical College in the United States, said: "We often lack mobility in the process of sequencing virus genes, so I wouldn’t be surprised at all if the new mutant has spread to the United States."

　　Where did the mutant strain come from?

　　Researchers are studying it.

　　With the spread of Omicron mutant, researchers are also studying where it came from. Franç ois Balu, a professor of biology at University College London, UK, said that Omicron mutant carries a series of unusual mutations, which may occur during the chronic infection of an immunocompromised patient or may come from an untreated AIDS patient.

　　Risk assessment of new mutant

　　More experimental data are still needed

　　Compared with Delta virus, where is the greater danger of the mutant strain "Omicron"? Will it trigger a wider spread?

　　According to Russian TV today, at present, Omicron mutant is spreading in Africa and outside Africa at an alarming rate.

　　Take South Africa as an example. Recently, 90% of the newly infected cases in gauteng province, South Africa are related to this mutant. Many western media believe that Omicron mutant is the most dangerous Covid-19 mutant in the world.

　　The researchers said that the Delta mutant strain discovered in India last October contained a total of 15 mutations, and the World Health Organization listed it as a "mutant strain that needs attention" in May this year; According to the preliminary study, the Omicron mutant, which is also listed as a "mutant that needs attention" by WHO, has more mutations than the Beta strain. At present, it is known that the mutant carries at least 32 mutations, which means that the effectiveness of the existing COVID-19 vaccine may be weakened and it may be more infectious.

　　WHO officials said that at present, little is known about this new mutant strain, and more experimental data are still needed to evaluate whether it is more infectious or more resistant to vaccines.

　　Who asks countries

　　Strengthen monitoring and sequencing.

　　How to prevent and control the new Covid-19 mutant? At present, the World Health Organization has asked countries to strengthen the monitoring and sequencing work, and called on countries to strengthen the monitoring and sequencing of all COVID-19 mutant strains that are still prevalent, submit the complete virus genome sequence and metadata to the public database, and report to WHO the initial cases or case clusters related to any mutant strains that need attention.

　　WHO also suggested that international cooperation should be carried out to better understand the various impacts of the mutant strains that need attention through field investigation and laboratory evaluation.

　　At the same time, some countries are worried that this new mutant strain will trigger a new wave of fierce epidemic after the Delta strain. Up to now, about 20 countries have issued or are preparing to issue entry restrictions for flights and passengers in southern African countries.

　　Foch/

　　Omicron strain

　　Or has existed in the United States and has not yet been discovered.

　　According to a report by CNN on November 27th, local time, Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said that Covid-19 mutant strain Omicron may have appeared in the United States, but it has not been discovered.

　　The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said on November 26th that so far, no known cases of Omicron strain infection have been found in the United States. If the mutated strain appears in the United States, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expects to quickly confirm the cases through the monitoring system.

　　US President Biden announced on November 26th that the United States would restrict the entry of tourists from South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique and Malawi from November 29th.

　　Influenced by Omicron strain.

　　The US government advised people not to travel to eight African countries.

　　On November 27th, local time, affected by Covid-19 mutant strain Omicron, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) upgraded the travel risk index of eight African countries, namely South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique, Malawi, Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana, to "level 4", which means "very high".

　　On the same day, the State Council also issued a warning to the public, suggesting not to travel to the above eight African countries.

　　Zhong Nanshan, Zhang Wenhong and Wu Zunyou voiced/

　　Omicron strain poses more challenges to epidemic prevention.

　　According to the Southern Plus, Zhong Nanshan introduced in an interview on November 28th that from the current situation, the Omicron mutant has spread rapidly, and it has been popular in South Africa and other regions, and cases have been found in Hong Kong, China recently. "This mutant is very new. Although molecular genetic testing has found that it has many changes in the receptor binding site, how harmful it is, how fast it will spread, whether it will make the disease more serious, and whether it needs to be targeted. Vaccine research and development depends on the situation. It is too early to draw conclusions. "

　　Zhong Nanshan said that it will take some time to judge the harmfulness of Omicron mutant, and we need to pay attention to it at any time, but we won’t take any big action yet. "There is also a need to pay more attention to the prevention and control of personnel from relevant places in South Africa."

　　Earlier, Zhong Nanshan also said on the 27th that there is not much knowledge about this variant virus, but this virus carries a lot of mutations, which also poses more challenges to epidemic prevention.

　　At noon on November 28th, Zhang Wenhong also issued a Weibo to respond to the influence of the new mutant strain. Zhang Wenhong said that it can be judged that the emergence of the mutant virus in South Africa is accidental, but it will take about two weeks to observe whether it will pose a threat to the current fragile population immunity.

　　According to the Beijing News, on November 28th, Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that the epidemic situation is the most serious in the world, mainly in Europe, and the prevalent strain this winter and next spring is mainly Delta. Whether the mutant strain Omicron can develop into the dominant strain needs further close observation.

　　Wu Zunyou said that Omicron, a mutant strain discovered in South Africa, is a new mutant strain, with more mutation sites than the previous ones, reaching 32 mutation sites. The mathematical model shows that Omicron is more contagious than the Bedelta, but no matter how it mutates, public health measures such as wearing masks and keeping social distance are effective for all mutated strains.

　　(Comprehensive Xinhuanet, national business daily)

　　More than 20 countries have taken restrictive measures.

　　The discovery of Omicron strain in South Africa and other countries has aroused great global vigilance. Up to now, the governments of about 20 countries and regions have successively issued or prepared to issue entry restrictions for flights and passengers in southern African countries.

　　Among them, the British government said on the 26th that from that day on, flights from South Africa and five neighboring countries were prohibited from entering the country, and people with relevant travel history were required to undergo nucleic acid testing and isolation. On the same day, Switzerland announced that it would ban all direct flights from Botswana, South Africa and other countries indefinitely.

　　On November 26th, local time, the Italian Ministry of Health has decided to ban people who have stayed in eight African countries including South Africa and Zimbabwe in the past 14 days.

　　German disease control agencies have classified South Africa as a "virus mutation area", and all people who enter Germany from South Africa must be quarantined for 14 days, regardless of whether they have been vaccinated or not.

　　According to the notice issued by Pakistan National Command and Operation Center on November 27th, Pakistan issued a travel ban on passengers from South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia and other regions.

　　In addition, Russia also announced that it will ban foreign citizens from South Africa and other countries and regions from the 28th of this month.

　　Health Canada also announced on 26th that it will ban foreign citizens who have been to southern African countries in the past 14 days.

　　Israel has banned its citizens from traveling to southern Africa after discovering new cases of mutant virus infection in its territory. On the 28th local time, Israel decided to ban all foreigners from entering the country, and the ban will last for 14 days.

　　Singapore and Malaysia announced on the 26th that they would ban the entry of passengers who have recently visited seven countries including South Africa.

　　The Indian government has issued a reminder, suggesting that local governments should carry out Covid-19 testing and health screening for international travelers from South Africa and other "risk zone" countries.

　　Japan has also implemented measures to ground inbound flights and isolate passengers for countries such as South Africa. In response to the travel ban issued by many countries around the world, the South African government responded on the 26th that it is harsh and unscientific to impose travel restrictions on passengers from South Africa, which is also inconsistent with the recommendations of WHO. (CCTV News)

　　[rumor]

　　◎ Our reporter Chen Xi

　　In October, "all technology and hard work" became the hottest "stalk". The emergence of this hot spot has aroused people’s attention to food safety, and related rumors have also been widely spread, such as "sugar substitutes can be eaten openly" and "only zero addition is a good soy sauce" … … Rumors about the COVID-19 epidemic still appear from time to time, such as "scanning the code when going out in public places can avoid becoming a secret contact". In addition, the previous drought in some parts of China made the rumor that "precipitation can be artificially increased as long as there are clouds" spread widely.

　　Today, the reporter of Science and Technology Daily will take stock of the rumors that appeared in October one by one to help you clear the fog and find the truth.

　　Can sugar substitutes be eaten open?

　　Truth: Eating a lot of sugar substitutes also poses health risks.

　　With the approach of winter, people’s time for outdoor sports gradually decreases. Many people began to worry about insufficient calorie consumption, so they paid special attention to controlling calorie intake. Sugar substitute drinks and snacks marked "Zero Sugar" and "Zero Card" seem to contain no calories. Some people think that sugar substitute is healthy, so they don’t have to bear the "sweet burden" and can eat it openly. So, is this really the case?

　　"This view is wrong. Sugar substitutes should also be eaten reasonably, and there are also health risks when ingested in large quantities." Zheng Yunliang, director of Tianjin Institute of Modern Health Technology, said.

　　According to the data, sugar substitute refers to alternative sweeteners, which belong to food additives, and there are three main categories — — Natural sweeteners, sugar alcohols and artificial sweeteners. At present, most sugar substitutes on the market use artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame. This kind of sweetener does not exist in nature, but is synthesized by chemistry.

　　"From the perspective of energy production, sugar substitutes can be divided into nutritional and non-nutritional types. Almost all the decomposition products of non-nutritive sugar substitutes in human body do not contain glucose and do not directly participate in insulin secretion. Therefore, only in theory, non-nutritive sugar substitutes will not cause an increase in blood sugar. " Zheng Yunliang said.

　　However, this does not mean that we can eat sugar substitutes openly.

　　"The sweetness of sugar substitutes can stimulate appetite, and excessive intake may cause diarrhea, which may also increase the burden on the kidneys." Zheng Yunliang further said that with the progress of science and the deepening of research, most scientific research results show that artificial sweeteners may have pathogenic risks.

　　For example, on September 7, 2022, the British Medical Journal published a large-scale research result from France. This study shows that using artificial sweeteners instead of sugar in food or drink is not beneficial to the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health of the whole population. Cell magazine also published a related study, which found that the intake of artificial sweeteners was related to the changes of intestinal microbiota and the increase of blood sugar.

　　Therefore, Zheng Yunliang suggested that consumers should try to choose foods containing natural sweeteners when choosing sugar substitutes, such as erythritol, stevioside, momordica grosvenori glycoside, sweet tea glycoside and so on.

　　"It is safe to eat food or drinks instead of sugar occasionally, so you don’t have to be overly nervous. The public should scientifically understand and eat sugar substitutes and improve their health through scientific and reasonable diet and exercise. " Zheng Yunliang said.

　　Can you avoid becoming a secret connector by scanning the code when you go out in public places?

　　Truth: Repeated code scanning will be considered as entering the place many times.

　　As a normal prevention and control measure of epidemic situation in COVID-19, scanning code before entering public places has been integrated into people’s daily life. However, a "special reminder" appeared in the WeChat circle of friends a few days ago: after scanning the code into a public place, scan the code again when leaving, and big data will "think" that you have gone out; If an infected person enters the site again, big data can "prove" that you and the infected person do not overlap in contact time, and you can avoid becoming close contacts.

　　In this regard, relevant departments in Shanghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and other places have all rumored. Experts from Dongying Big Data Center said that "place code" is a special two-dimensional code given to a place, which is used to identify the location, name and other information of the place and plays an important role in epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19. When someone scans the "place code", it can only show that they have been to the place. Using big data means can’t distinguish whether the person is in the "entry" or "departure" state.

　　In addition, relevant experts said that scanning the code twice may be considered as entering the place twice, which will not achieve the effect mentioned in the rumor, but will increase the workload of the flow control personnel and indirectly affect the epidemic prevention and control work. Experts reminded that the public only need to scan the code when entering the place, and there is no need to scan the code after going out. If the relevant staff find that the risk of infection of the code scanner is high, they will inform the code scanner in time and take prompt measures to avoid the spread of the virus.

　　Only zero addition is good soy sauce?

　　Truth: The quality of soy sauce depends on many factors.

　　Not long ago, the "additive" storm of a brand of soy sauce caused many consumers to talk about the color change of additives, so many people took the absence of additives as the standard for evaluating the quality of soy sauce.

　　"This statement is not entirely correct." Zheng Yunliang said that the so-called zero-added soy sauce is soy sauce with special color, fragrance and taste made by microbial fermentation without adding any monosodium glutamate or food additives. However, the quality of soy sauce depends on many factors, and zero addition is only one of them.

　　"First of all, the soy sauce listed should meet the relevant national standards." Zheng Yunliang introduced that China’s "National Standard for Food Safety Soy Sauce" (GB 2717-2018) stipulates that soy sauce is a liquid condiment with special color, fragrance and taste made from soybeans and/or defatted soybeans, wheat and/or wheat flour and/or wheat bran as the main raw materials through microbial fermentation. Soy sauce manufacturers shall have a complete fermentation and brewing process, and shall not use raw materials such as acid hydrolyzed vegetable protein seasoning liquid to produce soy sauce.

　　Soy sauce that meets the relevant national standards has reached the "passing line", but it is not high quality.

　　"Soluble solids, chloride, total nitrogen, total acid and reducing sugar in soy sauce are important quality evaluation indicators, which can affect the quality of soy sauce." Zheng Yunliang introduced that the umami taste of soy sauce depends on the content of amino acid nitrogen. Generally speaking, the higher the content of amino acid nitrogen, the higher the grade and the better the quality of soy sauce.

　　At the same time, as a traditional fermented condiment in China, the flavor of soy sauce is also an important quality index. The differences in koji varieties and technological processes of different soy sauces will make them have great differences in flavor.

　　According to related technical literature, 230 nonvolatile compounds were detected in soy sauce, including 90 peptides, 49 organic acids, 27 amino acids and their derivatives, 28 sugars, 11 sugar alcohols, 6 biogenic amines, 4 nucleotides and 16 other compounds, which determined the acidity, sweetness and concentration of soy sauce.

　　In addition, Zheng Yunliang reminded that consumers should also have a rational understanding of additives and not be overly superstitious about zero-added food.

　　"In soy sauce processing, the most commonly used food additives are sodium benzoate, disodium inosinate and disodium guanylate. Rational use of food additives can prevent bacterial growth, moderately extend the shelf life, and make soy sauce more cost-effective. " Zheng Yunliang said.

　　In fact, instead of paying attention to food additives, consumers should pay more attention to the sodium content in soy sauce.

　　"In every 100ml of soy sauce, the sodium content is about 6g, and the recommended intake of sodium is only 2g/day. Related studies have shown that excessive intake of sodium may lead to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis. " Zheng Yunliang reminded.

　　As long as there are clouds, it can artificially increase rainfall?

　　Truth: Certain conditions are needed, and the key is to have the right cloud.

　　Since this summer, the drought in the eastern part of southwest China, the south of the Yangtze River and the northern part of South China has continued to develop, and it has suffered from drought in summer and autumn. The water levels of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake all hit record lows, and some lakes even became "deserts" and "grasslands". At the same time, there is a question on the internet: as long as there are clouds, artificial precipitation can be carried out. Why not carry out artificial precipitation enhancement in these arid areas?

　　In this regard, Wang Zhaoyu, director of the Tianjin Office of Weather Modification, said that artificial precipitation enhancement is not artificial rainfall, and "turning clouds into rain" requires certain conditions.

　　Artificial precipitation enhancement is to influence the microphysical process of clouds through artificial intervention under appropriate weather conditions, so as to increase the ground precipitation.

　　"The way of artificial intervention is mainly by sowing catalysts into the cloud. Generally speaking, the catalysts sown in the northern region are mostly silver iodide, while dry ice and liquid nitrogen are commonly used as artificial precipitation enhancement catalysts in the southern region. In addition to catalysts, there are ways of manual intervention, such as emitting femtosecond laser and charged particles to the cloud. " Wang Zhaoyu said that no matter which way is used, the ultimate goal is to form condensation nuclei, promote water vapor condensation, and finally form precipitation.

　　However, a clever woman can’t cook without rice. In this process, the most crucial thing is — — There should be a cloud that meets the conditions of artificial precipitation enhancement. Such a cloud needs to have a certain thickness, height and temperature, and at the same time, the water vapor in the cloud should be abundant and just in the updraft area.

　　Wang Zhaoyu explained that the medium and low clouds with a temperature of MINUS 10 to 0 degrees Celsius, a thickness of about 2,000 meters and a height of less than 6,000 meters are suitable for artificial precipitation enhancement. Such warm clouds are full of small water droplets, which float in the air and cannot fall down under the support of updraft, forming clouds; With the help of the catalyst, increasing the concentration of condensation nuclei in the cloud can make small water droplets collide more and more into large water droplets, and then form precipitation.