On Tuesday, local time, the three major US stock indexes closed up slightly, with the Nasdaq and the S&P 500 both hitting record highs. NVIDIA rose 0.64% to close at $953.86 per share, also hitting a new closing high. NVIDIA will announce its latest results on Wednesday, local time. At present, the market predicts that NVIDIA’s revenue in the first fiscal quarter is expected to reach 24.65 billion US dollars, with a year-on-year increase of over 200%.

　　On the disk, Tesla rose 6.66% to close at $186.6 per share, and its market value increased by about $37.2 billion overnight (about RMB 269.2 billion). An executive of Tesla introduced the Semi truck at an Expo. He said that thanks to Tesla’s fastest charging technology, the Semi truck can travel 1000 miles in 24 hours.

　　On Tuesday, local time, Ethereum continued to rise, once exceeding $3,800, with a cumulative increase of over 30% in 7 days. As of press time, the price hovered around $3,790. In the news, people familiar with the matter said that on Monday, the US Securities and Exchange Commission asked Nasdaq and Chicago Board Options Exchange to fine-tune the listing application of spot Ethereum ETF, indicating that the institution may be ready to approve the application for spot Ethereum ETF.

　　Nasdaq, S&P 500 hit record closing highs.

　　On Tuesday, local time, the three major US stock indexes closed up slightly, with the Nasdaq and the S&P 500 both hitting record highs. At the close, the Dow rose 66.22 points, or 0.17%, to 39,872.99 points. The Nasdaq rose 37.75 points, or 0.22%, to 16,832.62 points; The S&P 500 index rose 13.28 points, or 0.25%, to 5321.41 points.

　　Fed officials said in a speech that they hope to see good inflation data for many months before starting to cut interest rates. Federal Reserve Governor Waller said on Tuesday that the latest consumer price index is a reassuring signal that inflation has not accelerated. The inflation data in April showed that the progress towards the 2% target may have resumed, but the progress was moderate.

　　At present, the market is waiting for the minutes of the Federal Reserve meeting and NVIDIA financial report to be released on Wednesday local time. At present, Wall Street is generally optimistic about NVIDIA’s performance in the first quarter, and NVIDIA’s performance may bring more catalysis to the market.

　　On the disk, most technology stocks rose, with Apple up 0.69%, Amazon down 0.21%, Nye soaring 1.53%, Google up 0.53%, Facebook down 0.9% and Microsoft up 0.87%.

　　NVIDIA rose 0.64% to close at $953.86 per share, setting a new closing high. Several analysts raised the target price of NVIDIA. NVIDIA will announce its latest results on Wednesday, local time. At present, the market predicts that NVIDIA’s revenue in the first fiscal quarter is expected to reach 24.65 billion US dollars, with a year-on-year increase of over 200%.

　　Most Chinese stocks fell, with Nasdaq China Jinlong Index down 2.27%, Alibaba down 2.44%, Baidu down 3.43%, Pinduoduo down 0.9%, JD.COM down 4.2%, Netease down 5.57%, Weilai up 0.57%, LI down 3.45% and Xpeng Motors up 5.92%.

　　Tesla rose nearly 7%

　　On Tuesday, local time, Tesla rose 6.66% to close at $186.6 per share, and its market value increased by about $37.2 billion overnight (about RMB 269.2 billion).

　　In the news, a Tesla executive introduced the Semi truck at a clean energy transportation Expo in Las Vegas. He said that thanks to Tesla’s fastest charging technology, Semi trucks can travel 1000 miles in 24 hours. At the same time, Tesla confirmed that it is expected to start delivering Semi trucks to customers by 2026. To this end, they plan to build a new factory in Nevada with a target annual production capacity of 50,000 vehicles.

　　However, Tesla has not been calm recently. Tesla shareholders called on investors to vote against Tesla CEO Musk’s $46 billion sky-high salary plan at the shareholders’ meeting held in June. They accused Musk of ignoring Tesla and focusing on the roles of other companies such as SpaceX and X, and Musk also poached key talents from Tesla for the new company.

　　In addition, the shareholder group also called on shareholders to refuse to let Musk’s brothers and friends be re-elected as Tesla directors on the grounds that they have close personal relations with Musk.

　　According to Bloomberg News, Musk plans to cut at least 10% of Tesla’s employees. This plan has been implemented for more than a month, but it has not yet been completed. This means that employees need to check their information when they wake up every day to know whether they still have jobs. According to informed sources, the rolling layoffs may last at least until June. Musk has not given employees a clear signal that the layoffs are over.

　　Ethereum continues to rise

　　On Tuesday, local time, Ethereum continued to rise, once exceeding $3,800, with a cumulative increase of over 30% in 7 days. As of press time, the price hovered around $3,790, and Bitcoin dropped slightly, but the price was still above $70,000.

　　On Monday, local time, Ethereum soared nearly 20%, and the price once exceeded $3,700, which was the main virtual currency with the largest increase. Bitcoin prices also broke through the $70,000 mark again after more than a month.

　　In the news, people familiar with the matter said that on Monday, the US Securities and Exchange Commission asked Nasdaq and Chicago Board Options Exchange to fine-tune the listing application of spot Ethereum ETF, indicating that the institution may be ready to approve the application for spot Ethereum ETF.

　　According to a report by Bloomberg on Monday, the US Securities and Exchange Commission asked an Ethereum spot ETF issuer to update its 19b-4 filing document. 19b-4 filing documents are one of the necessary documents for ETF listing. ETF issuers need to obtain the approval of 19b-4 form and S-1 registration statement before they can officially launch products.

　　It is reported that the US Securities and Exchange Commission will disclose whether to approve the listing of spot ETFs of Ethereum on Thursday.

　　Federal Reserve Report: Inflation has led to the deterioration of the financial situation of over 60% of American households.

　　According to CCTV news reports, on May 21, local time, the Federal Reserve released the "Report on the Economic Situation of American Households in 2023". The report shows that although inflation may have slowed down last year, it continues to have an impact on the livelihood of Americans.

　　According to the report, inflation has caused the financial situation of 65% American families to "deteriorate", and 19% of them said their financial situation was "very bad".

　　In addition, more than half of the adults said that there was no money left after paying the fixed monthly expenses. Before the end of the survey, 17% of the adults surveyed said that they could not pay all the bills in full. According to the report, 63% of adults said that the cash on hand was enough to cover the emergency expenses of $400.

　　Liu Wei: The socialist basic economic system has obvious advantages in continuously liberating and developing productive forces.

　　The socialist basic economic system has fundamentally overcome the opposition between capitalist private ownership and production socialization, mobilized the enthusiasm of the broad masses of workers to a greater extent, overcome the fundamental opposition between capital and labor, and created a foundation for effectively coordinating the relationship between micro-and macro-economic goals and between the government and the market. While fully stimulating the vitality of market players, it has overcome the opposition between private interests and long-term social development goals from the system, so that the liberation and development of productive forces have stronger motivation and broader space. This institutional advantage has strict and scientific theoretical logic, and has been transformed into a remarkable advantage in liberating and developing productive forces in practice, which is manifested in the following aspects: it has realized the long-term sustained and high-speed development of China’s economy and created a miracle for backward developing countries to get rid of poverty; It has the independent ability to develop the national economy independently, while maintaining steady economic growth, it also has strong anti-risk ability; The achievements of economic development can be translated into the general improvement of people’s quality of life to a greater extent. — — President of China Renmin University and Chairman of the New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Institute, the supreme leader of China Renmin University (Guangming Daily, 11th edition, December 13, 2019).

　　Zhang Junkuo: Perfecting the institutional environment is the key to successfully crossing the "middle income trap"

　　In the process of modernization of catch-up economy, there is not only the phenomenon of "middle income trap", but also the phenomenon of "institutional high wall". Through the comparative analysis of economic development and institutions in more than 100 countries, this theory finds that when an economy is at a low level of development, the requirements for institutional environment are not very high, but when it wants to break through the critical range of per capita GDP of 10,000 to 12,000 dollars, it needs a relatively perfect institutional environment, otherwise it will be difficult to cross this high wall and enter the ranks of modern countries. At present, China’s economic development and modernization process are close to this critical point, and the optimization of institutional environment is very important for the further advancement of modernization process.

　　To improve the institutional environment, we should focus on handling the relationship between the government and the market, follow the requirements of "effective market mechanism, dynamic micro-subjects, and moderate macro-control", seize the main contradictions and major issues, and concentrate our efforts in order to achieve practical results. — — Deputy Director of the State Council Development Research Center (Economic Daily, 15th edition, October 23, 2019)

　　Wang Bingquan: High-quality development needs a good institutional environment.

　　The core of the modernization of the national governance system is the improvement of the institutional system, which shows that all aspects of society are brought into a complete institutional framework for benign operation, and they will not be bothered by people. High-quality development urgently needs such an institutional environment. A good institutional environment brings a good social order and a stable social ecology, so that members of society and all walks of life can truly get their places. Only in this excellent environment can the development subject have the confidence to develop and the impulse to create.

　　On the political level, we must continue to strictly ensure that "politics is a door", eliminate the soil caused by political differences and political struggles from the system design, and build a ruling team that stresses politics, listens to instructions, and is clean and efficient. On the economic level, the development of mixed ownership, giving full play to the respective strengths of different forms of ownership and making them complement each other require further creation in institutional guarantee. — — Researcher, Institute of Political Science, China Academy of Social Sciences (People’s Forum, May 2019)

　　Gao Peiyong: The mode of resource allocation determines the characteristics of industrial system.

　　From the traditional economic system to the modern economic system, the combination of resource allocation methods will also undergo a two-dimensional turn. One is to change from government-led to market-led, and the other is that both market and government intervention should change from simple methods to complex ones. The government’s leading resource allocation and direct intervention in economic development can concentrate on mobilizing the capital and labor resources of the whole society, which will help the late-developing countries to promote industrialization quickly and realize take-off; This is not only recognized by the classical development theory, but also the reality of China’s planned economy era and reform and opening up. The model of "government-led+growth-oriented government+basic market mechanism" promotes the formation of an industrial system dominated by industry, but it also leads to a pattern of low internal efficiency and low-end dominance in various industries. When the combination of resource allocation mode is "market-oriented"+"sophisticated market mechanism"+"public service-oriented government", an industrial system with service-oriented and advanced internal structure of each industry can be established. — — Vice President and Member of China Academy of Social Sciences (Economic Research, No.4, 2019)

　　Drama Jinwen: We must promote economic system reform according to the principle of reducing transaction costs.

　　In the final analysis, the economic system is a series of rules that restrict the behavior of economic participants, and to measure the quality of an economic system, we must first look at the transaction costs it causes. A good system is an economic system that can continuously reduce transaction costs. As far as the current economic system of China is concerned, although it is generally consistent with the existing productivity level, there are still many unsatisfactory places. For example, the efficiency of state-owned economy and resource allocation in China still has room for further improvement, and the vitality of private economy has not been fully exerted, which restricts the high-quality development of China’s economy.

　　Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the reform of economic system and give state-owned enterprises more operational autonomy in accordance with the basic principle of reducing transaction costs; Through the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, we will create a better policy environment, market environment and legal environment for the private economy, release the potential energy of market players to the maximum extent, and make the economic system truly become the institutional guarantee for high-quality development. — — Researcher, Institute of Economics, China Academy of Social Sciences (No.4 of National Governance Weekly, October 2019)

　　Liu Yuanchun: Promoting high-quality economic development with the macro-control system with China characteristics.

　　National governance is the result of the organic operation, organic combination and interaction of various systems. In order to give full play to its advantages and transform it into effective governance capacity, the existing systems should have correct political direction and strategic direction, an institutional system for allocating various resources, and an incentive mechanism and cultural system for fully mobilizing all kinds of subjects. The national development strategy ranks first in the macro-control with China’s characteristics, which is an important embodiment of the national medium-and long-term development plan. Through planning, we can unify our thinking, direction and actions, pool all kinds of resources and promote the implementation of major national strategies. Fiscal policy and monetary policy are the main means of our macro-control. In addition, our industrial, regional and employment policies also play a very important role. All these constitute the macro-control system with China characteristics. — — Vice President of China Renmin University (21st century business herald, November 19, 2019)

　　Liu Shangxi: Promoting high-quality economic and social development through fiscal and taxation system reform

　　The modernization of national governance system and governance capacity is an inevitable requirement for China’s economic and social development to reach a specific stage and achieve long-term national stability and national rejuvenation. Finance is the foundation and important pillar of state governance, and the modernization of fiscal and taxation system is a prerequisite for the modernization of state governance. The reform of fiscal and taxation system from the perspective of national governance should have new ideas and new paths. In particular, we should promote the reform of fiscal and taxation system with the central and local fiscal relations as the main body and the budget system and tax system as the two wings under the framework of two-level governance to avoid the reform falling into "fragmentation"; An advanced system needs advanced management means, tools and technology as its support. Therefore, the reform of fiscal and taxation system must attach importance to infrastructure construction to avoid falling into a situation where the advanced system is difficult to operate. Finance should play a basic role in national governance, infiltrate and sink into public policy and management, take fund management as the main line, coordinate and coordinate public policy and management, and make people, things and money in public management match more effectively; To play a pillar role in national governance, finance needs to be upgraded to a comprehensive national policy, and public management should be coordinated by fiscal management and public policy should be coordinated by fiscal policy. — — Party Secretary, Dean and Researcher of China Academy of Fiscal Science (National Governance Weekly, No.4, October 2019)

　　Ma Jiantang: Creating an Excellent Development Environment for the Real Economy

　　We should work hard to build a level playing field. We should fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all kinds of ownership enterprises to develop the real economy and create a fairer competitive environment; It is necessary to implement the shortest negative list system to provide fair access conditions for various market players; It is necessary to standardize market supervision and treat all kinds of market players equally; It is necessary to enforce the law fairly and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of various market players. Efforts should be made to optimize policies. The low profit rate is an important factor restricting the development of the real economy. To promote the gathering of various resource elements into the real economy, we must improve the profit rate of the real economy. It is necessary to reduce the tax burden of enterprises and create more profit space for market players by implementing larger-scale tax reduction and fee reduction. At the same time, it is necessary to effectively reduce the financing cost of the real economy, take measures such as lowering the RRR, lowering the real interest rate level, expanding direct financing, and supporting the accelerated development of market-oriented venture capital, so as to solve the problem of difficult and expensive financing in the real economy and promote finance to better serve the real economy. — — Party Secretary of the State Council Development Research Center (Economic Information Daily, A07 Edition, July 17, 2019)

　　Li Peng: Give full play to the role of the market as a "monitor" in the effective connection between consumption and industry

　　At present, China’s consumption upgrading has fully demonstrated and played a leading role in technological progress and scientific and technological innovation. However, compared with the development requirements driven by innovation, government regulation, policy adjustment and market system are still in the process of reform and reconstruction. We must speed up this process in order to stimulate the potential advantages of China’s huge consumer market capacity to a greater extent. First, we should take intellectual property protection as a long-term task, speed up the improvement of laws and policies on science and technology and intellectual property, and stimulate the internal driving force of innovation subjects. Second, we should clearly define the role of the government and the market in promoting consumption and innovation. We should not only give play to the macro-leading role of the government in strategic industries, but also accelerate the improvement of the micro-market system to promote consumption, expand competition and reduce regulation, and deeply stimulate the enthusiasm of enterprises and residents for independent development. Third, it is necessary to further strengthen support for small and medium-sized enterprises, give full play to their natural adaptability and viability to the market economy, and make them play the role of innovative subjects in high-quality economic development. — — Professor, Department of Economics, Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National School of Administration) (People’s Forum, mid-May 2019)

　　Chi Fulin: Promoting the process of high-quality development with the breakthrough of openness and innovation

　　A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is changing the way of human production and life, and its outstanding feature is global open innovation. A new generation of information technologies, such as artificial intelligence, 5G communication and industrial Internet, have made breakthroughs in concentration, and accelerated the infiltration and integration into traditional industries to promote the reconstruction of industrial chains, value chains and supply chains. At present, China’s economic transformation is intertwined with the new round of scientific and technological revolution, and it is even more necessary to lay a solid foundation for innovation-led development, strengthen the technical support for innovation-led development, and build R&D — The market integration system forms a policy and institutional environment that supports and encourages enterprise innovation, and fully stimulates the innovation vitality and innovation potential of enterprises. — — Dean of China (Hainan) Reform and Development Research Institute (Economic Daily, 15th edition, October 31, 2019)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 15th　Title: Talking about Inheritance and Protection, Seeking for Innovation and Developing march towards a great future together’s Future — — Observation of 2023 Beijing Cultural Forum

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　The release of "Ten Major Events in the Construction of National Cultural Center in 2022" led to the signing of 52 cultural projects, and cultural activities such as Ditan Book Fair and "Watching Beijing with Great Drama" were splendid, with Chinese and foreign guests offering advice and enlightening the future … … From 14th to 15th, the ancient capital Beijing ushered in a cultural event. The 2023 Beijing Cultural Forum, with the permanent theme of "Inheritance, Innovation and Mutual Learning" and the annual theme of "Inheriting Excellent Culture and Promoting Exchanges and Cooperation", invites more than 600 Chinese and foreign guests to discuss the inheritance and protection of cultural relics and seek common innovation and development of cultural industries, so as to gather wisdom for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation and promoting the common progress of human civilization.

　　The context continues from live transmission.

　　Beijing is a world-famous ancient capital with a history of over 3,000 years and 870 years. Its rich historical and cultural heritage is a golden business card.

　　Qingyun Hutong, by the Sanli River, was staged in the Pigment Hall, attracting applause from the audience. During the forum, the rich on-site observation activities allowed the participants to deeply appreciate the fruitful achievements of Beijing’s cultural heritage and development.

　　"The old club is becoming a new landmark of urban culture, attracting more young people to understand the traditional opera culture." Yang Fengyi, vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists Association and president of the Northern Kunqu Opera Theatre, said.

　　Intangible cultural heritage is a treasure in Chinese excellent traditional culture. In the view of Liu Kuili, member of Honorary Department of China Academy of Social Sciences and honorary president of Chinese Folklore Society, intangible cultural heritage protection is not only a cultural cognition, but also an interaction between the inheritor and the audience, and a vivid cultural practice. "Only in practice can our cultural achievements be better preserved and protected. Through the inheritance from generation to generation, we can stay young forever. "

　　Cultural heritage is an important achievement of the diversified development of human civilization and an important carrier of cultural exchanges and mutual learning. "Protection is the foundation, research is the core, and promotion is the goal." Zhao Shengliang, secretary of the Party Committee of Dunhuang Research Institute, said that Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are a pearl on the Silk Road and the crystallization of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. "Adhering to creative transformation and innovative development, we spread and display Dunhuang culture through all media through digital means and tell the story of Dunhuang to the whole world."

　　At the forum, Chinese and foreign guests exchanged views on topics such as comprehensively improving the level of cultural heritage protection and inheritance. During the forum, cultural relics protection and activation projects such as "Egyptian Cultural Relics Exhibition" and Central Axis Digital Cultural Consumption Complex were signed.

　　"Cultural heritage is people’s spiritual treasure house. Through mutual understanding, equal exchanges and cooperation among countries, it will become the inspiration and starting point for creating the achievements of modern civilization." Chrestos Dimas, Deputy Minister of Greek Culture, said.

　　Wenyi Xingye Innovation Empowers

　　Climb the Shougang ski platform and feel the height of the winter Olympic champion; Wander around Liugonghui and experience one-stop shopping, eating, drinking and having fun; Enter the towering ironmaking blast furnace and participate in large-scale activities such as China Science Fiction Conference … … The "gorgeous turn" of Shougang Park has become a hot topic for many people in the industry at the forum.

　　In recent years, a number of new cultural scenes created by old factories and blocks have been "unlocked" one after another. Visiting the market, watching exhibitions and tasting delicious food in industrial parks is becoming a new choice for cultural consumption in Beijing and even the whole country.

　　"Changes in consumer demand, scientific and technological progress and business innovation are the logical basis for the integrated development of cultural undertakings, cultural industries and tourism." Dai Bin, president of china tourism academy, thinks that urban exhibition halls, science and technology museums and modern art museums should be the priority interfaces for the integration of culture and tourism.

　　During the athletes’ entrance ceremony at the opening ceremony of the 31st Summer Universiade, a "splendid road" woven by China’s traditional cultural elements, Shu Brocade, was extended. At the forum, Chen Weiya, the general director of the opening ceremony of Chengdu Universiade, shared an impressive case.

　　"This is the effect of using light and shadow technology to present a colorful silk thread flowing on the ground, and to imply the bright future of young people in a high-tech immersive way." Chen Weiya said that it is necessary to organically combine traditional creative methods with modern scientific and technological means, and make good use of various new technologies such as holographic images and AI interactive design to boost the creation of dance art in the new era.

　　Wang Yiming, vice chairman of China International Economic Exchange Center, believes that under the background of digital economy, we should use the cutting-edge technology of new generation information network to create more innovative achievements and provide strong scientific and technological support for the high-quality development of cultural industries.

　　Empowered by innovation, the cultural industry has accelerated from blueprint to reality. It is reported that this forum has led to the signing of 52 cultural projects, including 17 strategic cooperation projects and 35 industrial investment projects.

　　Civilizations learn from each other and walk hand in hand.

　　Musicians from China, Greek, Egyptian, Iraqi and Indian played the sound of harmony together; Mr. Chaplin’s son, Eugene Chaplin, and Mr. Mei Lanfang’s great grandson, Mr. Mei Wei, on behalf of the two masters, achieved the third hand-in-hand across the times … … On the Yongding River, the cultural evening of the 2023 Beijing Cultural Forum kicked off in front of the Shougang Grand Platform, and the exchange of civilizations and mutual learning became the high-frequency words discussed by the guests.

　　"Cultural relations are an important link between Egypt and China." Egyptian Culture Minister Nafi Cirany said, "We firmly believe that the two countries will carry out fruitful cooperation in the cultural field in the future, thus enhancing the solid relationship between the two countries and safeguarding the ancient civilizations of the two countries."

　　Civilization is colorful because of communication and enriched because of mutual learning. At the Beijing Cultural Forum, experts, scholars and celebrities in the field of culture and art at home and abroad had in-depth exchanges on topics such as civilized exchange and mutual learning, promoting the building of a community of human destiny, cultural tourism and international cooperation in film and television.

　　French writer Ke Siting Jia Yue said that culture is the key to dialogue among civilizations, connecting the past, the present and the future. "Mutual learning of civilizations should establish a free, clear and friendly dialogue, through which different civilizations can express and share their emotions and build a bridge to each other."

　　"Every member of the international community should go hand in hand, strengthen exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, make due contributions to promoting world peace and development, and make unremitting efforts to promote the building of a community of human destiny." Xu Bu, vice president of China Institute of International Relations and high-level advisory member of the UN Secretary-General, said. (Reporter Li Dexin, Peng Yunjia, Yang Shujun, Tian Chenxu)

　　At the two conferences held in a week, the Supreme Leader General Secretary emphasized the same key word — — People’s democracy in the whole process.

　　On September 14th, at the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the National People’s Congress, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized: "We should adhere to, improve and operate the people’s congress system around the development of people’s democracy in the whole process, so as to provide a solid institutional guarantee for realizing the goal of the party and the people in the new era and new journey."

　　On September 20th, at the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the founding of China People’s Political Consultative Conference, the Supreme Leader General Secretary pointed out: "Looking back at history and looking forward to the future, we should be more confident in road, theory, system and culture, give full play to the remarkable political advantages of the CPPCC in the whole process of developing people’s democracy, and constantly consolidate and develop a lively, stable and United political situation."

　　Why should "whole process people’s democracy" be placed in such an important position?

　　General Secretary Supreme Leader’s thinking on the whole process of people’s democracy has always been based on the broad vision of the great cause of national rejuvenation.

　　Looking back 10 years ago, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader looked back at the Party’s unremitting exploration and struggle to realize the people being the masters of the country and made an important conclusion — —

　　"People’s democracy is the life of socialism. Without democracy, there will be no socialism, no socialist modernization, and no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. "

　　Extend the lens of time again.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly mentioned the "cave-cave pairing" between Comrade Mao Zedong and Mr. Huang Yanpei in Yan ‘an. That was in the summer of 1945. Facing the question of how to jump out of the historical cycle rate, Comrade Mao Zedong confidently replied: "We have found a new way, and we can jump out of this cycle rate. This new road is democracy. "

　　Wind and rain, the road is boundless.

　　On November 2, 2019, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly pointed out — —

　　"We are following a road of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and people’s democracy is a democracy in the whole process".

　　In October 2021, at the work conference of the Central People’s Congress, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a systematic and incisive exposition on the major concepts and practical requirements of people’s democracy in the whole process.

　　Once put forward, "people’s democracy in the whole process" immediately attracted great attention at home and abroad. It is precisely because of this great concept that based on the understanding of the development law of democratic politics, the "master key" and "master switch" for realizing democracy have been identified.

　　The whole process of people’s democracy, for whom?

　　People being masters of their own affairs is the essence and core of democracy in China. Since its birth, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has made unremitting exploration and struggle to realize that the people are the masters of the country.

　　Jiangshan belongs to the people, and Jiangshan is crowned with the people. "The name of our country, the name of our state organs at all levels, are titled ‘ People ’ This is our basic orientation for the socialist regime in China. "

　　Capitalized "people" paves the way for the whole process of people’s democracy. Whether it is holding a conference to deliver an important speech or going deep into the grassroots investigation and research; Whether meeting with Chinese and foreign journalists or having a cordial discussion with people from all walks of life, the Supreme Leader General Secretary repeatedly stressed: respect the people’s dominant position and ensure that the people are masters of their own affairs.

　　Who does people’s democracy depend on in the whole process?

　　Socialist China has developed from a backward agricultural country to a world power with the second largest economic aggregate and strong comprehensive national strength. It has eliminated absolute poverty, created a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction, and built the world’s largest education system, social security system and medical and health system … … Without the people’s status and spirit of ownership, without the United struggle of hundreds of millions of people, how can such achievements be achieved?

　　At present, the changes of the world, the times and the history are constantly expanding in breadth and depth, and the arduous and arduous task of China’s reform, development and stability is unprecedented. In the critical period of comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization, only by fully stimulating the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all the people can we have a solid support and strong confidence to cope with risk challenges, difficulties and even stormy waves.

　　What is the weight and strength of the people? General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "China has a population of more than 1.4 billion. Who can match the strength and wisdom of hundreds of millions of people?"

　　The whole process of people’s democracy is combined with great practice and develops with the times.

　　"The whole process of people’s democracy not only has complete institutional procedures, but also has complete participation in practice, which is extensive, true and useful."

　　In August this year, faced with the speakers attending the 40th anniversary of the National People’s Congress’s accession to the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the Sixth Seminar for Parliamentarians from Developing Countries, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that one of the most important experiences of China’s remarkable achievements in governance was that it took the road of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and adhered to and developed people’s democracy throughout the process.

　　Extensive, authentic and effective democratic achievements are strongly supported by "full chain, all-round and full coverage".

　　In a big country with a vast territory, a large population and complicated national conditions, it is not easy to truly express and realize the wishes of more than 1.4 billion people, and it must be guaranteed by the system.

　　"Both history and reality show that a stable system leads to a stable country, and a strong system leads to a strong country." The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made comprehensive arrangements for developing people’s democracy in the whole process and ensuring that people are masters of their own affairs, and the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made specific arrangements for improving the system of people’s democracy in the whole process … … We will develop people’s democracy in the whole process, so that various systems can better reflect people’s will, protect people’s rights and interests, stimulate people’s creativity, and use institutional systems to ensure that people are masters of their own affairs.

　　In recent years, some countries have seen phenomena such as democratic alienation and disorderly governance, which has given birth to deep thinking about the relationship between democracy and state governance in the international community. How to ensure the benign interaction between democratic development, political stability and social progress? How to overcome the phenomenon that the people in some countries have the right in form but not in fact, and make promises all over the sky during the election and no one asks after the election? China’s exploration and practice vividly explained that "people’s democracy is a glorious banner that the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always held high" and explored a new path for the development of human democracy.

　　Unswervingly follow the road of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to and improve China’s fundamental political system, basic political system and important political system, constantly improve the system of people being masters of their own affairs, enrich democratic forms at all levels, expand people’s orderly political participation, fully embody people’s will, safeguard people’s rights and interests, and stimulate people’s creative vitality.

　　Complete institutional procedures and participation in practice make the whole process of people’s democracy change from value concept to institutional form, governance mechanism and people’s lifestyle rooted in China.

　　"The whole process of people’s democracy in China is based on China’s national conditions, history and culture and reflects the wishes of the people. We are equally proud." The words of the Supreme Leader General Secretary show pride in the whole process of people’s democracy and confidence in Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political development path, which has become a portrayal of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in China who are full of confidence in the great cause.

　　Self-confidence is the only way to improve yourself. We should learn from the beneficial achievements of human political civilization, but never copy the western political system model.

　　Practice has fully proved that the whole process of people’s democracy is feasible, vital and efficient because it grew from the social soil of China, and it must be deeply rooted in the social soil of China if it is to continue to thrive in the future.

　　Looking far and wide, and putting democracy in the perspective of "the common value of all mankind", the significance of China’s active development of people’s democracy in the whole process is even broader.

　　When in some countries "excess democracy", "excessive democracy" and "deficit democracy" coexist, and when the myth of "what’s wrong with democracy" and "does democracy still work" arises, "the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people of China to make great achievements in developing people’s democracy, which enriched the theory and practice of world democracy and contributed to China’s wisdom and China’s plan."

　　"Democracy is not an ornament, not for decoration, but for solving problems that people need to solve."

　　"Democracy is the right of people of all countries, not the patent of a few countries."

　　The unique concept of democracy contained in Chinese modernization was formed in the process of promoting socialist modernization, and it was put forward on the basis of summing up the process of human modernization, which provided a useful reference for human exploration of a better political system.

　　"We are willing to continue to explore with all countries and people in the world who pursue peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom the way to realize extensive, true and effective democracy and make new contributions to the progress of human political civilization." The words of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary are extremely important, based on the common pursuit of democracy by all mankind, and full of deep concern for the future and destiny of mankind.

　　Planning: Zhang Yi, Du Shangze

　　Written by Zhao Cheng

　　Poster: Li Yan

　　Vision: Bi Xiaoyang and Yu Dongsheng

　　Photography: Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi and Ju Peng.

　　Editor: Jiang Xuehong

　　Proofreading: Julie

　　Editor in charge: Jiang Xuehong

"The elevator is broken, and it has not been repaired for almost a week."

"The unit door is in name only, and outsiders come in and out casually, and the door is covered with psoriasis."

"The sanitary conditions in the community are poor, and garbage is often everywhere, and dirty water is flowing."

"Electric vehicles can be charged by flying wire at will, which is a big safety hazard"

……

In daily life, many people have encountered similar situations in the community. Because of inaction and poor service quality, property is often the object of residents’ spit.

"Small property" affects "great people’s livelihood". In May this year, Anhui deployed and carried out the action of "major investigation, major rectification and major promotion" of property management services throughout the province to comprehensively improve the level of property management services.

Half a year has passed since the "Action". What achievements have been made? What other aspects need further improvement? Recently, People’s Daily reporters visited Hefei, Wuhu and other places in Anhui Province according to the clues provided by netizens.

Dilemma of property disputes

Combing netizens’ messages, we can find that residents are dissatisfied with the property, mostly because of the poor quality of property services, and many "troubles" that plague the masses have not been solved in time and effectively. Faced with the problems reflected by residents, there are problems such as inaction and chaos in the property.

The phenomenon of inaction is more prominent. With the passage of time, many residential areas have problems in roads, walls and water systems. Property companies either turn a blind eye to the problems reflected by residents or delay them.

"Before the renovation of the community, the internal roads were ruined and garbage piled up. We have reflected many times that the previous properties were indifferent." Pan Liying, a resident of Aoyun Kangcheng Community in Nanrui Street, yijiang district, told reporters that she has lived in the community for many years and watched the environment of the community get worse and worse. When talking about the last property company that has been retired, Pan Liying bluntly said that it was "a headache".

In addition to inaction, there are also some property companies that act indiscriminately. In Danqing Garden Community, Heyedi Street, Shushan District, Hefei City, the problem of "difficult parking" for non-motor vehicles is more prominent. "We reflected it to the property six months ago, hoping to plan the electric car parking area reasonably. I didn’t expect the property to arrange several security guards to set up cement on the green space, even if it was a job. " Ms. Zhang, a resident of 6 buildings in the community, was very angry when she talked about the practice of property.

Six electric vehicles in Danqing Garden Community, Heyedi Street, Shushan District, Hefei City were parked in disorder, which affected residents’ travel. Photo courtesy of respondents

"The gap between the original green land and the road surface is tens of centimeters. If the land is uneven, it will be directly paved with cement. The slope is very large, and it is still inconvenient to park. The parking problem has not been solved, and the current practice will also lead to water on rainy days. " Ms. Zhang said that the environment of the community is getting worse and worse under the current property management. "The last industry Committee of the community expired in May 2020. In recent years, without the supervision of the industry Committee, the property has gone its own way."

"The original community pond is very clear, and there are many koi fish. Now it has been dry for many years, and the stones are bare and dilapidated. Reflected to the property many times, without any progress. The elevator is also often broken and people are often trapped. " Ms. Zhang said.

"The property service company of Danqing Garden Community is Hefei Ronglin Property Management Co., Ltd.. In September this year, it was just notified and punished by the Hefei Housing and Construction Department. However, our community still has outstanding problems and there is no improvement. " Mr. Li, the owner of the community, said.

The dry and messy pond in Danqing Garden, Heyedi Street, Shushan District, Hefei City. Photo courtesy of respondents

When reporters visited Hefei, Wuhu and other places, they found that in the face of the opinions of community owners, property companies claimed that they also had difficulties. Property managers in several communities said that the "difficulty in collecting property fees" is a major problem facing the property.

"The daily maintenance of the community requires funds and the charging rate is low, which has an impact on the operation of the property company itself." According to the person in charge of the property class of the Housing and Construction Department of Anhui Province, the poor level of property services leads to residents’ reluctance to pay property fees, and the low rate of property charges leads to a further decline in the level of property services, thus falling into a vicious circle.

How to break the game?

The pavement of the residential area is seriously damaged, the elevators are often damaged, and the electric cars are parked and put in disorder … At the beginning of 2022, the Aoyun Kangcheng residential area in Nanrui Street, yijiang district was in deep trouble.

"After more than a year of rectification, now the lights in our community are on, the elevators are good, and the roads are newly built. The environment is really different." Zhang Yijia, a resident of the community, bluntly said that now he is walking in the community and his mood has become comfortable.

Yijiang district Nanrui Street Aoyun Kangcheng Community Newly Built Road. People’s Daily reporter Gao Feiyue photo

The butterfly change of Aoyun Kangcheng Community is the epitome of the great improvement of the environment in many communities in Wuhu City. In view of the residential property problem, Wuhu City is at the forefront in Anhui Province. Over the past year or so, focusing on the residential property problem, a "key trivial matter" that people feel every day, Wuhu City has carried out a major investigation, rectification and promotion of residential property management services throughout the city.

Since the beginning of 2022, the main responsible comrades of Wuhu Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have conducted in-depth research on residential property management services for many times, and solved the problem with inward determination;

Adhere to the problem-oriented, whether the property rectification is effective or not, whether the residential environment is improving, should take the people’s satisfaction as the standard, and whether the property rectification is effective or not should be decided by the residents of the residential area;

The introduction of measures such as "Guiding Opinions on Assessment and Evaluation of Property Service Quality in Wuhu Residential Quarters" has made the "flat" property "unable to lie down" in Wuhu …

Wuhu City has promoted a series of solid measures and achieved outstanding results. On May 19th, the deployment meeting of Anhui Province’s residential property management service promotion and the construction promotion meeting of "Wanmei Red Property" were held in Wuhu. At the meeting, Wuhu made an exchange speech as a typical representative.

At present, the Housing and Construction Department of Anhui Province has launched a package of effective measures after careful investigation and summing up the advanced experience of various places.

The first is to strengthen "one lead" and build a red property position. Adhere to the guidance of party building and carry out the three-year action of "Red Property in Anhui and the United States". The province has established 14,500 party organizations in residential quarters, with a formation rate of 98%, and basically established a coordinated operation mechanism of community party branches, industry committees and property enterprises under the leadership of community party organizations. Adhere to collaborative linkage, public security, fire protection, market supervision, housing construction and other departments perform their duties, while communities, property companies and industry committees perform their duties, solve residents’ troubles through consultation, and realize the participation, supervision and final say of the people in the community.

"Residents’ Chamber" in Mingjunjiayuan Community, Xiyuan Street, Shushan District, Hefei City. People’s Daily reporter Gao Feiyue photo

The other is to build a "platform" and smooth the channels for the masses to appeal. Open the "1+16+N" and "Talking about Property" message platform in provinces, cities and counties. Establish a mechanism of "quick acceptance, quick verification, quick disposal, quick rectification, quick report and quick return visit" for problem suggestions. Since its opening on August 25th, more than 7,800 complaints and consultations have been accepted and more than 7,500 have been settled.

The other is to carry out "one attack" and create a strong rectification atmosphere. A few days ago, at the third review meeting of the province’s property management service promotion action, the person in charge of the Housing and Construction Department of Anhui Province said that the property management service promotion action has entered a stage of concentrated attack. From now until the Spring Festival, Anhui Province will launch a "100-day attack action" to solve the outstanding problems in eight aspects, such as "parking management of residential vehicles, elevator safety improvement, fire safety issues, and resolution of property conflicts and disputes", so as to effectively improve the level of property management services and build a number of "property management services" throughout the province.

It is also very important to improve the "one system" for the governance of common problems.

"We have established a" red and black list "system for property enterprises, and strengthened the incentive of trustworthiness and the punishment of dishonesty. Conduct a property service review every half month, fully cover the property service quality evaluation and work evaluation, praise the cities with obvious work results, and report the lagging work. " The relevant person in charge of the property class of the Housing and Construction Department of Anhui Province introduced that at present, 1,012 problem property companies have been interviewed, 339 have been punished and 239 have been retired.

By the end of October, Anhui had resolved 81,000 property conflicts and disputes, and the satisfaction rate of the masses increased by 15 percentage points. Relevant practices were promoted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.

make persistent efforts

As many as 81,000 contradictions and disputes have been resolved, on the one hand, it shows that relevant work has achieved outstanding results. From another aspect, it also shows that the contradiction behind property management is still very prominent.

How to make the community public benefits become "clear accounts"? How to improve the exit mechanism of property companies and solve the difficulty of replacing property companies? How to solve the problems of high application threshold and poor use of residential special maintenance funds? How to improve industry credit management and long-term supervision mechanism? A series of problems still need to be tackled.

"It is not limited to the development of a few short-term actions. It took three years to build the’ Red Property in Anhui and the United States’ at the provincial level, which fully demonstrated our confidence and determination to focus on tackling key problems and work hard for a long time to promote the’ double improvement’ of property service level and mass satisfaction." The person in charge of the relevant departments of the Housing and Construction Department of Anhui Province said that to resolve property conflicts and disputes, on the one hand, government departments need to strengthen the publicity of relevant laws and regulations and property management knowledge, so that property companies and owners can know their due responsibilities and obligations; On the other hand, it needs the joint efforts of relevant government departments, communities, property enterprises and owners to jointly manage, build and govern, and work together to solve the property management problems.

"Property service management is not only a’ key small matter’ around the masses, but also a’ livelihood event’." The relevant person in charge of the Housing and Construction Department of Anhui Province said that the next step will be to solve the problem and take more effective measures to continuously improve the people’s sense of acquisition and satisfaction.

The State Council on relaxing the authority for examination and approval of fixed assets investment

And simplify the examination and approval procedures.

Guofa [1987〕23number

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

At present, in the management of fixed assets investment, the examination and approval authority is too centralized, and the procedures are very complicated, so it is difficult to distinguish the responsibilities when problems arise. The fundamental solution to these problems depends on the reform of the economic and political system. At present, under the premise of strengthening macro-management and strictly controlling the scale of investment in fixed assets, we should further simplify administration and decentralization, relax examination and approval authority and simplify examination and approval procedures. After the authority of departments, localities and enterprises in fixed assets investment is expanded, they must bear the responsibilities and risks of investment decision accordingly, and regularly feed back relevant information to the higher authorities and accept the guidance and supervision of the higher authorities. All departments and localities should earnestly do a good job in demand forecasting, carefully formulate industry and local development plans, strive to do a good job in comprehensive balance, control investment scale, guide capital investment, adjust investment structure, and improve investment efficiency. The relevant specific measures are hereby notified as follows:

First, relax examination and approval authority and simplify examination and approval procedures

(a) coal, petroleum, petrochemical, metallurgical (steel), non-ferrous metals, railways and electric power seven contracting departments.

oneWhere large and medium-sized capital construction projects, preparatory projects and technical transformation projects above designated size have been included in the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" of the state, the project proposal is still approved by the State Planning Commission; If the design task book has not been approved, it shall be approved by all contracting departments within the total amount of capital construction investment and technical transformation investment determined in the national "Seventh Five-Year Plan" and reported to the State Planning Commission (technical transformation projects shall also be reported to the State Economic Commission) for the record. The external cooperation and cooperation conditions of construction projects (including the supply of energy and raw materials and the arrangement of transportation capacity, etc.) and the bank loans needed for technical transformation projects are all implemented by the contracting departments themselves. The state’s "Seventh Five-Year Plan" construction projects need to increase investment and projects need to increase investment outside the plan. All contracting departments can adjust between projects or raise funds by themselves, and the state will no longer increase investment. Departments raise funds to increase projects by themselves, which should be reported to the state for the record.

If the investment in construction projects and external conditions such as energy, transportation and raw materials are not implemented, the contracting department can cut new projects and postpone the progress of some construction projects on its own; Where the impact of the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" input-output contract tasks and new production capacity plans should be reported to the State Council for approval.

The examination and approval of the project proposal and design task book (feasibility study report) of large and medium-sized capital construction projects listed in the preliminary work plan of the seventh five-year plan and mainly built during the eighth five-year plan period shall still be carried out according to the original provisions.

2When arranging the annual plans for capital construction and technological transformation, all contracting departments can make independent arrangements for investment in all capital construction projects and technological transformation projects in accordance with the construction projects, new production capacity, input-output contracting tasks and other construction requirements stipulated in the seventh five-year plan of the state, within the annual planned investment scale of sub-capital channels approved by the state. Among them, large and medium-sized capital construction projects and technical transformation projects above designated size are included in the national annual plan after comprehensive balance and audit by the State Planning Commission according to the requirements of system engineering. All contracting departments should make more arrangements to expand the production capacity of short-term products in this industry and give full play to the production potential of existing enterprises, and reduce non-productive construction and other construction; For the key construction projects of this department or other departments, the urgently needed supporting projects and their investments must be carefully arranged. New large and medium-sized capital construction projects should be strictly controlled.

threeIn the implementation of the annual plan, in order to speed up the progress of key construction projects and increase the production capacity of short-term products, all contracting departments need to adjust their investment between projects, which can be adjusted according to the funding channels; Need to increase investment, can raise funds by itself, by the State Planning Commission approved by the State Council, plus investment plan indicators.

(2) Non-contracting departments

oneThe examination and approval authority of large and medium-sized capital construction projects and technical transformation projects above designated size shall be implemented in accordance with the original provisions.

2In the arrangement of the annual plan, large and medium-sized capital construction projects and technical transformation projects above designated size shall be invested by the State Planning Commission according to the projects; Small capital construction projects and technical transformation projects below the quota shall be arranged by the departments themselves within the total investment scale approved by the State Planning Commission.

If both capital construction investment and technological transformation funds are used in reconstruction and expansion projects, enterprises can bundle the two funds together, but they should be included in the investment plans of capital construction and technological transformation respectively, and make statistics respectively.

threeIn the implementation of the annual plan, in order to ensure the investment required for large and medium-sized capital construction projects planned to be put into production and organized for construction according to a reasonable time limit, departments can adjust investment between large and medium-sized projects according to capital channels without reporting to the State Planning Commission for approval. Investment in technological transformation, after ensuring the investment required by the key projects supported by the state, the department can adjust the investment between projects according to the funding channels.

(3) Local projects

oneLarge and medium-sized capital construction projects of local universities, hospitals and other cultural, educational and health undertakings arranged by local investment, their project proposals and design task books are no longer reported to the State Planning Commission for examination and approval, but are instead examined and approved by the planning commissions of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans; At the same time, send a copy to the State Planning Commission and relevant departments for the record.

2In the arrangement of the annual plan, the capital construction investment of local large and medium-sized projects and small projects shall be independently arranged by the local government within the investment scale approved by the state according to the investment direction and investment policy determined by the state. In the arrangement, we should pay attention to strengthening the construction of agriculture, energy, transportation and raw materials industries, reducing the construction of general processing industries and unproductive ones, and strictly controlling the construction of office buildings, hotels and various "centers", rest homes and "streets". The key construction funds for energy and transportation that are retained by local governments must be used for energy and transportation construction in accordance with state regulations and shall not be used for other purposes.

Investment in technical transformation projects below the quota shall be arranged by the local authorities independently within the investment scale approved by the state. In the arrangement, we should pay attention to adjusting the investment structure and increasing the proportion of investment in energy, transportation and raw material industries; Increase investment in improving product quality, reducing energy and raw material consumption, strengthening comprehensive utilization, and reducing investment in general processing industry; Do not engage in long-term products and projects with high consumption and backward technology.

(four) large-scale joint ventures and capital construction group projects with separate plans.

oneCapital construction projects, technological transformation projects and capital construction group projects of large-scale joint ventures, where the design task book or master plan has been reviewed and approved by the State Council or the State Planning Commission, individual projects will not be submitted for approval within the scope of the total investment approved by the state, and will be handled by enterprises or groups themselves and reported to the State Planning Commission, relevant departments and relevant places for the record. However, projects using foreign exchange and foreign capital borrowed by the state as well as projects designated by the state still need to be submitted for approval according to regulations.

2In the annual plan, the single project investment of large-scale joint ventures and group projects shall be arranged independently by the enterprises or groups within the investment scale of capital construction and technological transformation determined by the national "Seventh Five-Year Plan" and annual plans.

threeLarge and medium-sized key enterprises supported by the state, the approval of individual projects of their basic construction projects and technological transformation projects and the arrangement of annual investment can be handled by referring to the above provisions.

(V) Horizontal joint investment projects

For large and medium-sized capital construction projects with horizontal joint investment by enterprises, where the funds are raised by themselves, the energy, raw materials, equipment, production, supply and marketing, power and transportation capacity after commissioning can be implemented by themselves, and contracts have been signed with relevant departments, localities and enterprises, which do not require state arrangements, the State Planning Commission is only responsible for examining and approving project proposals; Its design task book, preliminary design, etc., are approved by the relevant departments or the relevant provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities specifically designated in the state plan (the Project Construction Committee), with a copy to the State Planning Commission and relevant departments for the record. When to start construction is determined by the state in its annual plan. The examination and approval procedures for small-scale projects shall be determined by various departments or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Second, improve the management of technological transformation projects

(a) the proportion of special loans for technological transformation directly arranged by the state in the total loan scale is gradually reduced, and the task of technological transformation and the loan period should be clearly defined, and the loans should be used intensively.

(II) For technical transformation projects above designated size, the project proposal and design task book (feasibility study report) shall be examined by the State Planning Commission in conjunction with the State Economic and Trade Commission, and approved by the State Planning Commission, which will generally not be countersigned.

(3) For the technological transformation of large and medium-sized key enterprises and enterprise groups supported by the state, the State Economic Commission shall, according to the medium and long-term plan of the state, organize the centralized departments of industries and local classification to formulate transformation plans. All departments and localities should organize enterprises to formulate overall transformation plans, in which the planned total investment is above the quota, which shall be examined and approved by the State Planning Commission in conjunction with the State Economic Commission. Where the planned total investment is below the quota, the examination and approval authority shall be determined by the local authorities and departments themselves.

(four) the technical transformation projects below the quota, within the scale of the departmental and local technical transformation investment plans, are determined by the enterprises themselves if they can raise funds by themselves, implement various matching conditions and meet the relevant provisions of the state.

Three, adjust the quota of construction projects in some industries

The quota of large and medium-sized capital construction projects, according to the construction scale (completed production capacity), is still unchanged according to the original provisions; According to the amount of investment, the industrial projects of energy, transportation and raw materials increased from 30 million yuan to 50 million yuan. The limit of total investment for technical transformation projects, energy, transportation and raw material industry projects will be raised from 30 million yuan to 50 million yuan. The limits of capital construction projects and technological transformation projects in other industries shall still be implemented according to the original provisions.

Capital construction projects and technological transformation projects with a total investment below the quota of 20 million yuan or more shall be reported to the State Planning Commission (technical transformation projects shall also be reported to the State Economic Commission) for the record after examination and approval by departments or localities, so as to keep abreast of the changes and adjustments in the investment structure.

Four, shorten the examination and approval time, improve efficiency.

(a) the project reporting unit to submit the project proposal and design task book (feasibility study report) must contact all relevant parties in advance to implement various construction conditions (including fund raising, supply of electricity, fuel and raw materials needed for construction and production, cooperation of external transportation, etc.), and submit all the submitted documents and materials. For the application documents with incomplete information, inaccuracy or non-compliance with the specified requirements, the state organ in charge of examination and approval shall, within 15 days, notify the applicant to supplement the contents that need to be supplemented or return the original to the applicant for re-submission. If the applicant practices fraud or forges information and data, thus causing losses to the project construction, it shall bear the economic and administrative responsibilities.

(II) In order to reduce the round-trip turnover of documents, the project proposal and design task book (feasibility study report) of large and medium-sized capital construction projects and technical transformation projects above designated size declared by local authorities shall be submitted to the State Planning Commission (technical transformation projects shall be submitted to the State Economic Commission at the same time) and submitted to all relevant departments; Other projects are mainly reported to the industry centralized department, which puts forward the review opinions and then submits them to the State Planning Commission (technical transformation projects are also submitted to the State Economic Commission) for approval.

(three) the State Planning Commission in the examination and approval of the project proposal, at the same time to determine the consulting company commissioned evaluation. In the process of preparing the design task book (feasibility study report) and preliminary design, the project applicant should absorb the consulting company entrusted by the State Planning Commission to participate.

(four) when examining and approving projects, the relevant competent departments should adopt different examination and approval methods according to different enterprises, projects and sources of funds, so as to minimize the examination and approval links and shorten the examination and approval time. Projects that need to be reviewed by several units in a department shall be approved by the organizer in the form of joint office; For projects that need to be reviewed and countersigned by several departments, the sponsoring department shall be responsible for consulting and contacting the relevant departments, urging them to implement them, or adopting the way of centralized joint examination led by the sponsoring department to examine and countersign them. For the problems that can’t be solved by the person in charge of the sponsoring department who has different opinions, the sponsoring department shall report them to the State Council for ruling.

(five) the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government and their relevant departments should also improve the management of fixed assets investment, simplify the examination and approval procedures and improve work efficiency in accordance with the spirit of this circular.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　country affair courtyard

　　　　March 30, 1987

　　In the first three quarters of this year, China’s total import and export value was 31.11 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.9% over the same period last year. Facing the complicated and severe domestic and international situation and the impact of multiple unexpected factors, China’s foreign trade once again shows strong resilience and vitality. Recently, the implementation effect of various economic stabilization policies has gradually emerged, which will further promote the steady growth of foreign trade.

　　The policy of stabilizing foreign trade has achieved good results

　　Since the beginning of this year, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have made timely arrangements to create favorable conditions for the goal of maintaining stability and improving quality in foreign trade. A series of policies and measures to stabilize the economy and foreign trade have achieved good results. The steady growth of foreign trade in the first three quarters has also made positive contributions to the sustained and stable development of China’s macro-economy.

　　The data shows that the net export of goods and services contributed 32% to economic growth in the first three quarters, driving GDP growth by 1 percentage point. Ni Yueju, a researcher at the Institute of World Economics and Politics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that such achievements in foreign trade are mainly due to high-quality development and high-level opening up.

　　Affected by geopolitical conflicts, COVID-19 epidemic and high inflation in major western countries, the growth rate of global trade in goods slowed down in the second quarter of this year. "Although China’s foreign trade has been affected to some extent, it still maintains a steady growth trend and shows strong resilience." Zhu Caihua, a professor at the Institute of International Economics of the University of International Business and Economics, said.

　　The high-quality development of foreign trade has achieved remarkable results, and the competitiveness of high value-added and high-tech products is constantly emerging. In the first three quarters, the export of mechanical and electrical products was 10.04 trillion yuan, up 10%, accounting for 56.8% of the total export value. "Automobile exports have sprung up, with a growth rate of 67.1%, and the export of new energy vehicles has more than doubled." Ni Yueju said that the automobile industry is an intermediate industry to promote the development of high technology in the world, and automobile products are a platform for carrying and applying various high technologies. "The rapid growth of automobile exports shows that the overall international competitiveness of China’s manufacturing industry has increased."

　　At the same time, the high-level opening-up policy has achieved remarkable results. ASEAN continues to be China’s largest trading partner. In the first three quarters, the total trade value between China and ASEAN was 4.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 15.2%. "China has strong resilience in the industrial chain supply chain, especially the high-quality implementation of RCEP has enhanced the stability of the regional industrial chain supply chain." Yan Caihua said. In addition, in the first three quarters, the proportion of trade between China and countries along the Belt and Road has risen to 32.3%, and the diversified development of the international market has achieved positive results. "This is also a key factor to support the stable development of foreign trade in the future." Ni Yueju said.

　　Cross-border e-commerce still has potential to be tapped.

　　Cross-border e-commerce and other new formats and new models are the effective force of foreign trade development and an important trend of international trade development.

　　Since the beginning of this year, new foreign trade formats and new models such as cross-border e-commerce have developed steadily. In the first three quarters, Zhejiang enterprises exported 79.3 billion yuan through the customs cross-border e-commerce management platform, an increase of 1.5 times; The import and export of Jiangxi enterprises through the customs cross-border e-commerce management platform increased by 2.4 times year-on-year; On the basis of exceeding 300 billion yuan, the total import and export volume of cross-border e-commerce in Guangdong has achieved full coverage in the province, ranking first in the country.

　　In the first three quarters, the total export volume of Jiangxi Haitao cross-border e-commerce industrial park in Jiangxi Jiujiang Economic Development Zone exceeded last year. Zhu Cheng, chairman of Jiangxi Bichuang cross-border electronic commerce Co., Ltd., said that cross-border e-commerce is welcoming unprecedented development opportunities. In addition to the rapid growth of mature consumer markets such as Europe and the United States, markets such as Southeast Asia, South America and the Middle East are rising rapidly. "In particular, the implementation of RCEP has brought new momentum to the development of cross-border e-commerce".

　　"Cross-border e-commerce is not only a new format and new model for foreign trade development, but also a new kinetic energy for stabilizing foreign trade. After more than 10 years of development, there is still potential to be tapped in the future. " Yan Caihua said. At the international level, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation with relevant countries in the field of e-commerce. At present, China has signed memorandums of understanding with 16 countries on "Digital Silk Road" cooperation, and established bilateral cooperation mechanisms for "Silk Road E-commerce" with 24 countries, China — Central and Eastern European countries, China — Positive progress has been made in the construction of e-commerce cooperation and dialogue mechanisms among the five Central Asian countries. At the national level, it is necessary to continue to push the customs, taxation, finance and other departments to deepen the reform of the system and mechanism, innovate the supervision mode, and provide more reform dividends for the convenient development of cross-border e-commerce. At the enterprise level, we should actively use new technologies and invest in new models, especially to increase the investment and construction of "overseas warehouses" and accelerate the digital transformation of enterprises.

　　At present, the slowdown of external demand growth has become the biggest uncertainty facing the development of foreign trade. Ni Yueju said that if cross-border e-commerce companies want to gain a foothold in the increasingly competitive international market, they must "deeply cultivate" brands and channels. Brand power has become the core competitiveness of cross-border e-commerce sellers in the future, and brands are based on high-quality products. Therefore, higher quality and more integrity are the magic weapons for cross-border e-commerce.

　　It is understood that in order to give full play to the potential of cross-border e-commerce, the 132nd Canton Fair continues to carry out synchronous activities with 132 cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zones and 5 cross-border e-commerce platforms, and provides services such as freight forwarding, finance and credit insurance online. "We will continue to guide various cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zones, cultivate a number of key enterprises and well-known brands, and fully tap the advantages and potential of cross-border e-commerce." Wang Shouwen, international trade negotiator and vice minister of the Ministry of Commerce, said.

　　The effect of afterloading on uncertainty

　　At present, the uncertainty faced by foreign trade is increasing, and the pressure to maintain steady growth of imports and exports is increasing. It is still necessary to further increase efficiency and stabilize foreign trade growth through policy measures.

　　"It is necessary to ensure that the stable foreign trade policy that has been introduced will be effective as soon as possible, support foreign trade enterprises to ensure production and compliance, smooth the channels for foreign trade enterprises to seize orders, and cultivate new modes and new growth points of foreign trade." Liu Jianying, an associate researcher at the Foreign Trade Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, said.

　　Keeping the main body of foreign trade market is one of the most urgent tasks to stabilize foreign trade. Ni Yueju said: "We should take grasping orders as the starting point of protecting the main body and help foreign trade enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, tide over the difficulties."

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to promote the optimization and upgrading of trade in goods, innovate the development mechanism of service trade, develop digital trade, and accelerate the construction of a trade power. Zhao Ping, vice president of the Research Institute of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, believes that accelerating the construction of a strong trading country should continue to exert its strength in three aspects: First, the international competitiveness of trading partners is stronger; Second, the development of trade entities is more resilient; Third, the international discourse power of trade rules is stronger.

　　Experts said that in recent years, China’s foreign trade import and export structure has changed from labor-intensive products to high-tech value-added products. In the future, under the strategy of innovation-driven development, we will continue to enhance the capability of independent innovation, shape new kinetic energy and advantages of foreign trade development, optimize the structure of trade in goods, improve the level of trade digitalization, promote the integration of domestic and foreign trade, and promote the coordinated development of trade in goods and services. At the same time, by promoting high-level opening to the outside world and steadily expanding institutional opening such as rules, regulations, management and standards, more opportunities will be created for enterprises all over the world.

April 23rd this year is the 30th "World Reading Day". In recent years, Shandong, Hubei, Guizhou and other places have promoted the construction of shared reading spaces such as urban study rooms and staff reading rooms. By entering communities, parks and construction sites, they have created a reading atmosphere with rich books, realizing that "books are everywhere, books are always floating, and books are enjoyed by everyone", which has deepened the cultural heritage of the city.

Entering the community: the "cultural charging station" at home.

Mr. Liu, a citizen of Zhucheng, Weifang City, Shandong Province, came to the Haiyan study room next to his own community. There is not much room here, but there are 15,000 books in the library, and you can borrow them for free. For Mr. Liu, Haiyan’s study is a "spiritual home" built in front of his home. He said, "It’s very convenient to walk around the corner after dinner. This study has a large collection of books and a wide range of knowledge, which really provides reading convenience for the people near us. "

In a space of more than 350 square meters, various books such as history and literature are dazzling. Many community residents quietly enjoy reading time. As the cultural service platform of Zhucheng’s new era civilization practice, Haiyan study room is connected with Zhucheng library, where books can be borrowed and returned. Mr. Zhang, a citizen, said: "My family lives nearby. The study environment is good and there are many books. You can come at any time if you want to read."

With the help of urban study, Zhucheng has created a diversified public cultural space and integrated culture into life. The relevant person in charge said: "We strive to create a spiritual pure land, let everyone share their reading experience, and make reading more books and reading good books a way of life, which is a kind of promotion and help for personal spiritual growth and the current construction of a scholarly society."

In spring, Fangfei is good, and reading is just the time. Recently, a 24-hour city study was officially launched in a community in Economic Development Zone, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. Walking into it, warm yellow lights and wooden bookshelves set each other off. There are more than 3,000 books covering social sciences, literature and art, children and other fields, which can meet the reading needs of readers of all ages.

"You can enter by swiping your ID card, and you can go at any time if you want to read at night." "In the past, I had to drive to the city library to borrow books. Now there is a city study at my doorstep, and it is really convenient for children to borrow books themselves after school." Residents who come to read books are full of praise for the city study at the door of this house. It is understood that there is a self-service book borrowing and returning machine and an intelligent security system in the city study. Residents can swipe their ID cards to enter the study, borrow and return books, and the community will regularly arrange special personnel for cleaning and maintenance. The relevant person in charge said that the study room has created a good reading atmosphere for community residents and is becoming a "cultural charging station" at home.

Entering the park: looking down at the book and looking up at the scenery.

Located in the scenic Guanshan Lake Park, Luming Bookstore in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, takes the concept of "nature as a companion, book fragrance moistens the heart" and devotes itself to creating a multi-featured reading space integrating knowledge dissemination, ecological education, leisure experience and communication. At present, there are more than 40 reading seats and a service window, and there are more than 5,000 books in the collection, mainly in natural sciences, covering biological sciences, earth sciences, environmental sciences and other sub-categories. Focusing on ecological protection and sustainable development, it echoes the green concept of parks, promotes the integration of nature and humanities, and at the same time, it is supplemented by books on classic literature, life tourism and parenting education, taking into account the diverse reading needs and creating a reading atmosphere for the whole people. The bookstore is also equipped with a self-service borrowing and returning machine to make the reading experience more efficient and intimate.

According to reports, in addition to the Luming Bookstore, Guanshanhu Park will welcome two new bookstores this year. One is the "Tanruo Bookstore Cafe" whose name is taken from "hugging together like pomegranate seeds" and symbolizes the great unity of the Chinese nation. It will be located around the National Grand Gala Square in Guanshanhu Park; The other is the "Zhixing Bookstore" with the urban spirit of Guiyang as the main creative concept, which will be located near Qiannan Gate of Guanshanhu Park.

In Danxia Cultural and Sports Park in Qingshan Lake District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, a white building resembling a conch stands near the water, with floor-to-ceiling windows reflecting the lake light, and spiral wooden bookshelves winding upward, attracting passers-by to stop frequently. As a new cultural landmark, Conch Bookstore has received more than 1,000 readers per day with its unique design concept and rich cultural activities since its opening in 2022. "It’s not as serious as a traditional library, but it’s like walking into a landscape painting." Mr. Wang said.

Entering the Conch Bookstore, the 270-degree floor-to-ceiling window around the lake frames the water color into a natural painting. The whole row of atmospheric wooden bookshelves perfectly echoes the curve of the lake shore, and the whole row of four-lane waterfall lending and display system is very eye-catching; The room with circular arch inside, seagull-shaped lighting, wavy ceiling and minimalist wooden decoration style can feel the small and exquisite design concept everywhere. This 1,500-square-meter city study has nearly 30,000 books, which is a cultural service space integrating reading and sharing, public lectures, art curation, activities and exchanges.

Entering the construction site: supplementing "spiritual food" for builders

At the site of the first phase project of Anhe New Port, the central port area of Anqing Port, Anqing City, Anhui Province, a site library of more than 10 square meters was built. The space was not large, but it soon became an important place for builders to supplement "spiritual food". "It is not unusual to have a bookstore on the construction site. The key is how to give full play to its role and make it truly serve the vast number of builders." The person in charge of the project department said.

There are a large number of books in the library to help project personnel prepare for the first-class construction engineer, registered safety engineer and other certificate examinations. In order to improve learning efficiency, everyone comes here to study by themselves. "The professional books in our library are very rich. I am reading the Code for Welding of Steel Structures recently to enrich my professional knowledge." Looking at the dazzling array of bookshelves, a worker said happily. At present, the site library contains more than 300 books of all kinds, which not only meets the dual needs of front-line employees in culture and skills, but also creates a good atmosphere of "striving to be a learning employee and building a learning project".

The staff bookstore of the headquarters of China Railway 16th Bureau was established in 2018, with more than 1,000 books, including Chinese studies, current politics, literature and popular science. The biggest feature of the library is its mobility. It is a mobile staff library converted from containers, which is convenient for display and use in surrounding construction sites such as Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. There are computers, computer desks, reading desks, tea makers and coffee makers in the library, making the "staff library" a good platform for learning.

From china construction news, April 23, 2025, Su Yuan.

　　37.4%, the growth rate of foreign trade is bright.

　　-One of the observations on the economic situation in the first quarter of the province.

　　In the first quarter, Hunan’s foreign trade started well, and the total value of imports and exports increased rapidly, with an increase of 37.4% over the same period of last year, which was 28 percentage points higher than the national average speed, showing new changes such as more balanced imports and exports, optimized product structure of imports and exports, and more and stronger foreign trade subjects.

　　The growth rate of foreign trade is 28 percentage points higher than the national average growth rate.　

　　Yueyang Guansheng Investment Development Co., Ltd. imported more than 1,000 cars in the first quarter, and its foreign trade volume increased by 3.5 times year-on-year.

　　The import and export of Lansi Technology (Changsha) Co., Ltd. rose against the trend, with a year-on-year increase of 33.2%;

　　Automobile manufacturers such as GAC Mitsubishi Automobile Co., Ltd. have formed automobile industrial clusters through chain introduction, which has boosted the rapid growth of automobile spare parts imports …

　　According to customs statistics, from January to March, the province’s total foreign trade import and export volume reached 57.43 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 37.4%, which was 28 percentage points higher than the national average growth rate.

　　"Since the beginning of this year, the world economy has continued to recover, the domestic economy is stable and improving, and the endogenous power of foreign trade development has increased, which has promoted the rapid growth of import and export in our province in the first quarter." Changsha Customs analyzed several reasons for the rapid growth of foreign trade in our province.

　　The world economy has recovered moderately, and the growth rate of international trade is obvious. Since the beginning of this year, international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the OECD have raised their forecasts for the global economic growth rate in 2018; At the same time, the steady improvement of the domestic economy has led to an increase in import demand. The structural reform of the supply side in the province continued to deepen, and the endogenous motivation of foreign trade development increased, which is also an important reason for the rapid growth of foreign trade in our province in the first quarter.

　　In addition, the "Belt and Road" cooperation continues to deepen, boosting Hunan enterprises to "go global". In the first quarter, the import and export volume of our province to countries along the "Belt and Road" was 19.06 billion yuan, up by 61.3%. According to the analysis of Changsha Customs, Hunan and many countries along the "Belt and Road" have strong industrial complementarities. With the continuous progress of bilateral investment and economic and trade cooperation, the areas of cooperation will continue to expand.

　　Import and export have become more balanced, and foreign trade entities have become stronger and more.　

　　In the first quarter, Hunan’s foreign trade also showed many new changes and highlights.

　　The growth rate of imports is greater than that of exports, and imports and exports tend to develop in a balanced way. According to customs statistics, in the first quarter, our province exported 34.933 billion yuan, up 36.5% year-on-year; Imports reached 22.497 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 38.7%.

　　The structure of import and export products is more optimized. In terms of export, mechanical and electrical products and high-tech products with high added value are still the main export forces. In the first quarter, Hunan exported 15.18 billion yuan of mechanical and electrical products, accounting for 43.5% of the province’s total export value in the same period; The export of high-tech products was 4.47 billion yuan, accounting for 12.8%.

　　Imports are still dominated by mechanical and electrical products, imports of high-tech products have doubled, and imports of some high-quality consumer goods have increased rapidly. In the first quarter, Hunan imported 9.54 billion yuan of mechanical and electrical products, an increase of 45.5%, accounting for 42.4% of the province’s total import value in the same period; Imported high-tech products reached 5.19 billion yuan, doubling, accounting for 23.1%.

　　"The main body of foreign trade in our province is becoming stronger and stronger, and private enterprises are the main force of import and export." According to the person in charge of the Foreign Trade Department of the Provincial Department of Commerce, from January to March, the number of enterprises with import and export performance in Hunan Province increased by more than 20%. For example, Chenzhou Yinghongbao Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., which was established only at the end of last year, achieved a cumulative import and export of 150 million yuan in the first quarter of this year. In addition, there are 6 enterprises with a cumulative import and export of more than 1 billion yuan, an increase of 1 over the same period last year; 18 enterprises with a total investment of over 500 million yuan, an increase of 4 over the same period last year; There were 116 enterprises with an import and export value of over 100 million yuan, an increase of 48 over the same period last year. Large import and export enterprises such as Hunan Zhongxing Supply Chain Co., Ltd., Yueyang Guansheng Investment Development Co., Ltd., Lansi Technology (Changsha) Co., Ltd. and Hunan Xiangyun Fine Chemical Manufacturing Co., Ltd. have grown significantly.

　　The motivation of all kinds of market players to participate in foreign trade development is stronger. In the first quarter, the import and export volume of private enterprises in Hunan was 36.89 billion yuan, an increase of 59.8%, accounting for 64.2% of the total import and export value of the province. The import and export volume of state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises has also achieved steady growth simultaneously.

　　Take measures to help foreign trade grow steadily.　

　　On the whole, there are many favorable conditions to promote the development of China’s foreign trade at present. However, the increasing uncertainties in the current international environment pose challenges to the steady growth of Hunan’s imports and exports.

　　Customs believes that since the beginning of this year, there have been some positive changes in the international political and economic situation, but deep-seated structural contradictions are still prominent in the global scope.

　　"There are still great uncertainties in the development prospects of Hunan’s export-oriented economy, but opening up is an irreversible trend of the times. In the future, we will take many measures to promote the development of foreign trade from the aspects of finance, talents and platforms." The person in charge of the Foreign Trade Department of the Provincial Department of Commerce said.

　　Create a diversified foreign trade financing system, improve the policies of "order financing", "tax refund financing" and "credit insurance financing", and strive to solve the problem of financing difficulties and high financing for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises. According to reports, this year, the Provincial Department of Commerce will jointly introduce policies related to foreign trade financing with the Provincial Department of Finance, and will set up an import and export financing guarantee company for small and medium-sized enterprises in Xiangjiang New District.

　　In terms of talents, the Provincial Department of Commerce said that it would launch a "Thousand Talents Training Program" to help employees of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises improve their foreign trade vocational skills free of charge, and plans to train more than 1,000 foreign trade business personnel during the year.

　　At the same time, cultivate and expand new foreign trade formats and new models, actively cultivate import and export platform companies, and help small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises to act as import and export agents. The Provincial Department of Commerce will also publish the catalogue of key overseas exhibitions in our province in the near future to encourage foreign trade enterprises to actively participate in the exhibition and explore the international market.

　　In addition, Changsha Customs indicated that it would increase its support to help more powerful enterprises realize "Hunan enterprises going to sea" and "Hunan products leaving the country"; Improve the level of customs clearance facilitation between China and Europe, and further explore emerging markets; Strengthen the tracking and monitoring of the international political and economic situation and trade policies, timely release early warning information, and provide guidance and help for enterprises to adjust their business strategies.

　　(Text/Zhou Yuegui Deng Yazhen Ouyang Jingzi)

Information picture

In July, 2023, polymyxin B sulfate for injection, an exclusive drug produced by a subsidiary of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group, suddenly announced that it had dropped from 2,303 yuan/branch to 270 yuan/branch, with a drop of nearly 90%, which attracted the attention of the industry.

The reporter learned from official website, State Administration of Market Supervision, that the decision of administrative punishment on the case of abuse of market dominance by four companies, such as Shanghai Shangyao No.1 Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., was recently released. According to the decision, in July 2023, the Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Administration initiated an investigation into the abuse of market dominance by four companies, including SAIC Biochemical. In December 2023, Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Administration made an administrative punishment decision on this case according to law. The punishment decision shows that during the period from December 2017 to June 2023, four pharmaceutical companies abused the dominant position in the market of polymyxin B sulfate for injection in China, and implemented the behavior of selling preparations at unfairly high prices, which excluded and restricted market competition and harmed the interests of patients and social public interests.

Well-known anti-monopoly law experts pointed out in an interview that the above four companies were fined 1.219 billion yuan for violating the Anti-monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China, which is the case with the largest amount of anti-monopoly punishment in the pharmaceutical field at present.

Monopolize the API market

Polymyxin B sulfate for injection plays an important role in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria infection, which is highly dependent on hospitals and patients and difficult to be replaced by other drugs. Before 2017, no domestic company produced its raw materials and medicines and needed to import them from abroad.

According to the circular of the State Administration of Market Supervision, three private pharmaceutical companies, Wuhan Huihai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan Kede Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Hubei Minkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and the state-owned pharmaceutical company Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group Shangyao No.1 Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., abused the dominant position in the market of polymyxin B sulfate for injection in China and implemented the act of selling preparations at unfair high prices.

Wuhan Huihai, Wuhan Kede and Minkang Pharmaceutical (collectively referred to as Wuhan Huihai) have the same actual controlling shareholders, confused personnel and office locations, unified decision-making, division of labor and cooperation, jointly implemented the acts involved, and shared monopoly profits.

In order to introduce and control its raw materials, in 2010, Wuhan Huihai signed an agreement with Danish Yaseli Company to become the agent of Danish Yaseli China market. Since 2016, Wuhan Huihai has given the sales manager of Danish Yaseli China a benefit fee, asking him not to sell the API to other enterprises, thus controlling the supply of the whole API in China market.

On the other hand, Wuhan Huihai is busy looking for manufacturers. Because only the drug is qualified for production in China, it has not been put into production. Wuhan Huihaisui reached a cooperation intention with Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd. to supply raw materials to Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd., which was responsible for drug declaration and production, and granted exclusive distribution rights to its preparations, from which Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical collected processing fees. Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical applied for production qualification, and obtained the production approval from the Food and Drug Administration in 2017, becoming the only production enterprise in China.

According to the Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, operators must first have APIs for R&D and production when entering the market, while Wuhan Huihai controls the supply of APIs in the China market, so it is difficult for other operators to obtain APIs. It is reported that this is the second time that Wuhan Huihai was punished by pharmaceutical antitrust in 2023. In May 2023, the State Administration of Market Supervision fined him 4,126,800 yuan. Wuhan Huihai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was established in 2003 with a registered capital of 3 million yuan, and its legal representative is Li Meilin.

Conspire to earn excess profits

Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd. belongs to Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group, with total assets of 800 million yuan and registered capital of 225 million yuan.

When Wuhan Huihai signed a cooperation agreement with Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd., it was agreed that when bidding for preparations, the two sides would negotiate and communicate on matters such as bidding price and distributors, and jointly agree on bidding matters. According to the rules of drug sales, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Biochemistry came forward to connect with the drug recruitment departments of all provinces in the country, made online quotations, and invoiced and sold them to circulation enterprises according to the instructions of Wuhan Huihai to obtain the sales income of preparations.

As the only operator who sells the drug, Shangyao Biochemical has the ability to influence and determine the key trading conditions such as sales price and sales quantity. The price of the drug was 2303 yuan/piece in Fujian province for the first time, and then it reached 2918 yuan/piece in Shanghai. Since then, the provinces have hung up their nets one after another, and the prices are mostly 2303 yuan/branch to 2918 yuan/branch. According to the instructions of Wuhan Huihai, Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd. supplies the goods to the circulation enterprises after deducting the distribution fee according to the hanging price.

In 2016, the state began to implement the "two-vote system" policy, that is, drugs are invoiced once from the production enterprise to the circulation enterprise and once from the circulation enterprise to the medical institution, with the aim of reducing the circulation of drugs and lowering the price of drugs. Limited by the "two-vote system", Wuhan Huihai can’t directly obtain the monopoly profit of preparation sales by buying low and selling high. To this end, Wuhan Huihai, with the cooperation of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd., obtained monopoly profits from the raw materials link by inflating the sales price of raw materials.

Due to the large amount of payment for raw materials, Wuhan Huihai arranged for 38 pharmaceutical companies in Hubei and Jiangxi to increase prices step by step, and gradually pushed up the import price of raw materials purchased from Danish Yaseli Company from 73 yuan/g to 94 yuan/g to 18,000 yuan/g to 35,000 yuan/g, and sold them to Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Company to produce preparations, from which profits were made. This creates the illusion that the high drug price is due to the high drug price of raw materials.

Drive up drug prices for nearly six consecutive years.

According to the Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, in 2022 alone, the illegal income of Wuhan Huihai was 610 million yuan, and that of Shanghai Pharmaceutical was 330 million yuan. The biochemical behavior of Wuhan Huihai and Shanghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. constitutes the abuse of market dominance to sell goods at unfairly high prices.

It is reported that the cost of drug production is mainly composed of two parts: the cost of raw materials and the cost of biochemical workshop. According to the biochemical financial data of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., the total production cost of this drug is about 8.6 yuan -14.6 yuan/piece, and the processing fee charged by Shanghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is from 140.4 yuan/piece -230 yuan/piece. Finally, the net price of the drug is as high as 2303 yuan/piece -2918 yuan/piece.

In addition, the domestic sales price of polymyxin B sulfate for injection is significantly higher than that of other countries and regions in the same period, which is about 35 to 44 times that of overseas products.

"The serious handling of this case corrected the illegal behavior in time, and the drug price dropped by nearly 90%. This safeguards the interests of consumers and the public interest. " In an interview, Wang Xianlin, a member of the Expert Advisory Group of the State Council Anti-monopoly Committee and vice president of china law society Economic Law Research Association, pointed out that the parties in this case abused their dominant market position to sell drugs at unfairly high prices. On the one hand, they distorted the market price formation mechanism of this drug and made its price seriously deviate from the normal level, which excluded and restricted market competition. On the other hand, it also makes patients have to pay higher prices, increases the cost of medication for patients, and seriously damages the interests of patients; It also increased the expenditure of the national medical insurance fund, which seriously damaged the public interest.

The reporter learned that after the above-mentioned case was investigated in July 2023, six senior executives of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group were investigated. In September 2023, Pan Deqing, former vice president of Shanghai Pharmaceutical, Li Ping, general manager of Shanghai Shangke Pharmaceutical, Chen Binhua, former general manager of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical, and Huang Yuhui, former deputy general manager of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical, were investigated. In November, Zhou Jun, chairman of Shanghai Pharmaceutical, and Gu Haoliang, former vice president of Shanghai Pharmaceutical, were investigated.