In the first three quarters of this year, China’s total import and export value was 31.11 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.9% over the same period last year. Facing the complicated and severe domestic and international situation and the impact of multiple unexpected factors, China’s foreign trade once again shows strong resilience and vitality. Recently, the implementation effect of various economic stabilization policies has gradually emerged, which will further promote the steady growth of foreign trade.

　　The policy of stabilizing foreign trade has achieved good results

　　Since the beginning of this year, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have made timely arrangements to create favorable conditions for the goal of maintaining stability and improving quality in foreign trade. A series of policies and measures to stabilize the economy and foreign trade have achieved good results. The steady growth of foreign trade in the first three quarters has also made positive contributions to the sustained and stable development of China’s macro-economy.

　　The data shows that the net export of goods and services contributed 32% to economic growth in the first three quarters, driving GDP growth by 1 percentage point. Ni Yueju, a researcher at the Institute of World Economics and Politics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that such achievements in foreign trade are mainly due to high-quality development and high-level opening up.

　　Affected by geopolitical conflicts, COVID-19 epidemic and high inflation in major western countries, the growth rate of global trade in goods slowed down in the second quarter of this year. "Although China’s foreign trade has been affected to some extent, it still maintains a steady growth trend and shows strong resilience." Zhu Caihua, a professor at the Institute of International Economics of the University of International Business and Economics, said.

　　The high-quality development of foreign trade has achieved remarkable results, and the competitiveness of high value-added and high-tech products is constantly emerging. In the first three quarters, the export of mechanical and electrical products was 10.04 trillion yuan, up 10%, accounting for 56.8% of the total export value. "Automobile exports have sprung up, with a growth rate of 67.1%, and the export of new energy vehicles has more than doubled." Ni Yueju said that the automobile industry is an intermediate industry to promote the development of high technology in the world, and automobile products are a platform for carrying and applying various high technologies. "The rapid growth of automobile exports shows that the overall international competitiveness of China’s manufacturing industry has increased."

　　At the same time, the high-level opening-up policy has achieved remarkable results. ASEAN continues to be China’s largest trading partner. In the first three quarters, the total trade value between China and ASEAN was 4.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 15.2%. "China has strong resilience in the industrial chain supply chain, especially the high-quality implementation of RCEP has enhanced the stability of the regional industrial chain supply chain." Yan Caihua said. In addition, in the first three quarters, the proportion of trade between China and countries along the Belt and Road has risen to 32.3%, and the diversified development of the international market has achieved positive results. "This is also a key factor to support the stable development of foreign trade in the future." Ni Yueju said.

　　Cross-border e-commerce still has potential to be tapped.

　　Cross-border e-commerce and other new formats and new models are the effective force of foreign trade development and an important trend of international trade development.

　　Since the beginning of this year, new foreign trade formats and new models such as cross-border e-commerce have developed steadily. In the first three quarters, Zhejiang enterprises exported 79.3 billion yuan through the customs cross-border e-commerce management platform, an increase of 1.5 times; The import and export of Jiangxi enterprises through the customs cross-border e-commerce management platform increased by 2.4 times year-on-year; On the basis of exceeding 300 billion yuan, the total import and export volume of cross-border e-commerce in Guangdong has achieved full coverage in the province, ranking first in the country.

　　In the first three quarters, the total export volume of Jiangxi Haitao cross-border e-commerce industrial park in Jiangxi Jiujiang Economic Development Zone exceeded last year. Zhu Cheng, chairman of Jiangxi Bichuang cross-border electronic commerce Co., Ltd., said that cross-border e-commerce is welcoming unprecedented development opportunities. In addition to the rapid growth of mature consumer markets such as Europe and the United States, markets such as Southeast Asia, South America and the Middle East are rising rapidly. "In particular, the implementation of RCEP has brought new momentum to the development of cross-border e-commerce".

　　"Cross-border e-commerce is not only a new format and new model for foreign trade development, but also a new kinetic energy for stabilizing foreign trade. After more than 10 years of development, there is still potential to be tapped in the future. " Yan Caihua said. At the international level, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation with relevant countries in the field of e-commerce. At present, China has signed memorandums of understanding with 16 countries on "Digital Silk Road" cooperation, and established bilateral cooperation mechanisms for "Silk Road E-commerce" with 24 countries, China — Central and Eastern European countries, China — Positive progress has been made in the construction of e-commerce cooperation and dialogue mechanisms among the five Central Asian countries. At the national level, it is necessary to continue to push the customs, taxation, finance and other departments to deepen the reform of the system and mechanism, innovate the supervision mode, and provide more reform dividends for the convenient development of cross-border e-commerce. At the enterprise level, we should actively use new technologies and invest in new models, especially to increase the investment and construction of "overseas warehouses" and accelerate the digital transformation of enterprises.

　　At present, the slowdown of external demand growth has become the biggest uncertainty facing the development of foreign trade. Ni Yueju said that if cross-border e-commerce companies want to gain a foothold in the increasingly competitive international market, they must "deeply cultivate" brands and channels. Brand power has become the core competitiveness of cross-border e-commerce sellers in the future, and brands are based on high-quality products. Therefore, higher quality and more integrity are the magic weapons for cross-border e-commerce.

　　It is understood that in order to give full play to the potential of cross-border e-commerce, the 132nd Canton Fair continues to carry out synchronous activities with 132 cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zones and 5 cross-border e-commerce platforms, and provides services such as freight forwarding, finance and credit insurance online. "We will continue to guide various cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zones, cultivate a number of key enterprises and well-known brands, and fully tap the advantages and potential of cross-border e-commerce." Wang Shouwen, international trade negotiator and vice minister of the Ministry of Commerce, said.

　　The effect of afterloading on uncertainty

　　At present, the uncertainty faced by foreign trade is increasing, and the pressure to maintain steady growth of imports and exports is increasing. It is still necessary to further increase efficiency and stabilize foreign trade growth through policy measures.

　　"It is necessary to ensure that the stable foreign trade policy that has been introduced will be effective as soon as possible, support foreign trade enterprises to ensure production and compliance, smooth the channels for foreign trade enterprises to seize orders, and cultivate new modes and new growth points of foreign trade." Liu Jianying, an associate researcher at the Foreign Trade Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, said.

　　Keeping the main body of foreign trade market is one of the most urgent tasks to stabilize foreign trade. Ni Yueju said: "We should take grasping orders as the starting point of protecting the main body and help foreign trade enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, tide over the difficulties."

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to promote the optimization and upgrading of trade in goods, innovate the development mechanism of service trade, develop digital trade, and accelerate the construction of a trade power. Zhao Ping, vice president of the Research Institute of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, believes that accelerating the construction of a strong trading country should continue to exert its strength in three aspects: First, the international competitiveness of trading partners is stronger; Second, the development of trade entities is more resilient; Third, the international discourse power of trade rules is stronger.

　　Experts said that in recent years, China’s foreign trade import and export structure has changed from labor-intensive products to high-tech value-added products. In the future, under the strategy of innovation-driven development, we will continue to enhance the capability of independent innovation, shape new kinetic energy and advantages of foreign trade development, optimize the structure of trade in goods, improve the level of trade digitalization, promote the integration of domestic and foreign trade, and promote the coordinated development of trade in goods and services. At the same time, by promoting high-level opening to the outside world and steadily expanding institutional opening such as rules, regulations, management and standards, more opportunities will be created for enterprises all over the world.

April 23rd this year is the 30th "World Reading Day". In recent years, Shandong, Hubei, Guizhou and other places have promoted the construction of shared reading spaces such as urban study rooms and staff reading rooms. By entering communities, parks and construction sites, they have created a reading atmosphere with rich books, realizing that "books are everywhere, books are always floating, and books are enjoyed by everyone", which has deepened the cultural heritage of the city.

Entering the community: the "cultural charging station" at home.

Mr. Liu, a citizen of Zhucheng, Weifang City, Shandong Province, came to the Haiyan study room next to his own community. There is not much room here, but there are 15,000 books in the library, and you can borrow them for free. For Mr. Liu, Haiyan’s study is a "spiritual home" built in front of his home. He said, "It’s very convenient to walk around the corner after dinner. This study has a large collection of books and a wide range of knowledge, which really provides reading convenience for the people near us. "

In a space of more than 350 square meters, various books such as history and literature are dazzling. Many community residents quietly enjoy reading time. As the cultural service platform of Zhucheng’s new era civilization practice, Haiyan study room is connected with Zhucheng library, where books can be borrowed and returned. Mr. Zhang, a citizen, said: "My family lives nearby. The study environment is good and there are many books. You can come at any time if you want to read."

With the help of urban study, Zhucheng has created a diversified public cultural space and integrated culture into life. The relevant person in charge said: "We strive to create a spiritual pure land, let everyone share their reading experience, and make reading more books and reading good books a way of life, which is a kind of promotion and help for personal spiritual growth and the current construction of a scholarly society."

In spring, Fangfei is good, and reading is just the time. Recently, a 24-hour city study was officially launched in a community in Economic Development Zone, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. Walking into it, warm yellow lights and wooden bookshelves set each other off. There are more than 3,000 books covering social sciences, literature and art, children and other fields, which can meet the reading needs of readers of all ages.

"You can enter by swiping your ID card, and you can go at any time if you want to read at night." "In the past, I had to drive to the city library to borrow books. Now there is a city study at my doorstep, and it is really convenient for children to borrow books themselves after school." Residents who come to read books are full of praise for the city study at the door of this house. It is understood that there is a self-service book borrowing and returning machine and an intelligent security system in the city study. Residents can swipe their ID cards to enter the study, borrow and return books, and the community will regularly arrange special personnel for cleaning and maintenance. The relevant person in charge said that the study room has created a good reading atmosphere for community residents and is becoming a "cultural charging station" at home.

Entering the park: looking down at the book and looking up at the scenery.

Located in the scenic Guanshan Lake Park, Luming Bookstore in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, takes the concept of "nature as a companion, book fragrance moistens the heart" and devotes itself to creating a multi-featured reading space integrating knowledge dissemination, ecological education, leisure experience and communication. At present, there are more than 40 reading seats and a service window, and there are more than 5,000 books in the collection, mainly in natural sciences, covering biological sciences, earth sciences, environmental sciences and other sub-categories. Focusing on ecological protection and sustainable development, it echoes the green concept of parks, promotes the integration of nature and humanities, and at the same time, it is supplemented by books on classic literature, life tourism and parenting education, taking into account the diverse reading needs and creating a reading atmosphere for the whole people. The bookstore is also equipped with a self-service borrowing and returning machine to make the reading experience more efficient and intimate.

According to reports, in addition to the Luming Bookstore, Guanshanhu Park will welcome two new bookstores this year. One is the "Tanruo Bookstore Cafe" whose name is taken from "hugging together like pomegranate seeds" and symbolizes the great unity of the Chinese nation. It will be located around the National Grand Gala Square in Guanshanhu Park; The other is the "Zhixing Bookstore" with the urban spirit of Guiyang as the main creative concept, which will be located near Qiannan Gate of Guanshanhu Park.

In Danxia Cultural and Sports Park in Qingshan Lake District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, a white building resembling a conch stands near the water, with floor-to-ceiling windows reflecting the lake light, and spiral wooden bookshelves winding upward, attracting passers-by to stop frequently. As a new cultural landmark, Conch Bookstore has received more than 1,000 readers per day with its unique design concept and rich cultural activities since its opening in 2022. "It’s not as serious as a traditional library, but it’s like walking into a landscape painting." Mr. Wang said.

Entering the Conch Bookstore, the 270-degree floor-to-ceiling window around the lake frames the water color into a natural painting. The whole row of atmospheric wooden bookshelves perfectly echoes the curve of the lake shore, and the whole row of four-lane waterfall lending and display system is very eye-catching; The room with circular arch inside, seagull-shaped lighting, wavy ceiling and minimalist wooden decoration style can feel the small and exquisite design concept everywhere. This 1,500-square-meter city study has nearly 30,000 books, which is a cultural service space integrating reading and sharing, public lectures, art curation, activities and exchanges.

Entering the construction site: supplementing "spiritual food" for builders

At the site of the first phase project of Anhe New Port, the central port area of Anqing Port, Anqing City, Anhui Province, a site library of more than 10 square meters was built. The space was not large, but it soon became an important place for builders to supplement "spiritual food". "It is not unusual to have a bookstore on the construction site. The key is how to give full play to its role and make it truly serve the vast number of builders." The person in charge of the project department said.

There are a large number of books in the library to help project personnel prepare for the first-class construction engineer, registered safety engineer and other certificate examinations. In order to improve learning efficiency, everyone comes here to study by themselves. "The professional books in our library are very rich. I am reading the Code for Welding of Steel Structures recently to enrich my professional knowledge." Looking at the dazzling array of bookshelves, a worker said happily. At present, the site library contains more than 300 books of all kinds, which not only meets the dual needs of front-line employees in culture and skills, but also creates a good atmosphere of "striving to be a learning employee and building a learning project".

The staff bookstore of the headquarters of China Railway 16th Bureau was established in 2018, with more than 1,000 books, including Chinese studies, current politics, literature and popular science. The biggest feature of the library is its mobility. It is a mobile staff library converted from containers, which is convenient for display and use in surrounding construction sites such as Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. There are computers, computer desks, reading desks, tea makers and coffee makers in the library, making the "staff library" a good platform for learning.

From china construction news, April 23, 2025, Su Yuan.

　　37.4%, the growth rate of foreign trade is bright.

　　-One of the observations on the economic situation in the first quarter of the province.

　　In the first quarter, Hunan’s foreign trade started well, and the total value of imports and exports increased rapidly, with an increase of 37.4% over the same period of last year, which was 28 percentage points higher than the national average speed, showing new changes such as more balanced imports and exports, optimized product structure of imports and exports, and more and stronger foreign trade subjects.

　　The growth rate of foreign trade is 28 percentage points higher than the national average growth rate.　

　　Yueyang Guansheng Investment Development Co., Ltd. imported more than 1,000 cars in the first quarter, and its foreign trade volume increased by 3.5 times year-on-year.

　　The import and export of Lansi Technology (Changsha) Co., Ltd. rose against the trend, with a year-on-year increase of 33.2%;

　　Automobile manufacturers such as GAC Mitsubishi Automobile Co., Ltd. have formed automobile industrial clusters through chain introduction, which has boosted the rapid growth of automobile spare parts imports …

　　According to customs statistics, from January to March, the province’s total foreign trade import and export volume reached 57.43 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 37.4%, which was 28 percentage points higher than the national average growth rate.

　　"Since the beginning of this year, the world economy has continued to recover, the domestic economy is stable and improving, and the endogenous power of foreign trade development has increased, which has promoted the rapid growth of import and export in our province in the first quarter." Changsha Customs analyzed several reasons for the rapid growth of foreign trade in our province.

　　The world economy has recovered moderately, and the growth rate of international trade is obvious. Since the beginning of this year, international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the OECD have raised their forecasts for the global economic growth rate in 2018; At the same time, the steady improvement of the domestic economy has led to an increase in import demand. The structural reform of the supply side in the province continued to deepen, and the endogenous motivation of foreign trade development increased, which is also an important reason for the rapid growth of foreign trade in our province in the first quarter.

　　In addition, the "Belt and Road" cooperation continues to deepen, boosting Hunan enterprises to "go global". In the first quarter, the import and export volume of our province to countries along the "Belt and Road" was 19.06 billion yuan, up by 61.3%. According to the analysis of Changsha Customs, Hunan and many countries along the "Belt and Road" have strong industrial complementarities. With the continuous progress of bilateral investment and economic and trade cooperation, the areas of cooperation will continue to expand.

　　Import and export have become more balanced, and foreign trade entities have become stronger and more.　

　　In the first quarter, Hunan’s foreign trade also showed many new changes and highlights.

　　The growth rate of imports is greater than that of exports, and imports and exports tend to develop in a balanced way. According to customs statistics, in the first quarter, our province exported 34.933 billion yuan, up 36.5% year-on-year; Imports reached 22.497 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 38.7%.

　　The structure of import and export products is more optimized. In terms of export, mechanical and electrical products and high-tech products with high added value are still the main export forces. In the first quarter, Hunan exported 15.18 billion yuan of mechanical and electrical products, accounting for 43.5% of the province’s total export value in the same period; The export of high-tech products was 4.47 billion yuan, accounting for 12.8%.

　　Imports are still dominated by mechanical and electrical products, imports of high-tech products have doubled, and imports of some high-quality consumer goods have increased rapidly. In the first quarter, Hunan imported 9.54 billion yuan of mechanical and electrical products, an increase of 45.5%, accounting for 42.4% of the province’s total import value in the same period; Imported high-tech products reached 5.19 billion yuan, doubling, accounting for 23.1%.

　　"The main body of foreign trade in our province is becoming stronger and stronger, and private enterprises are the main force of import and export." According to the person in charge of the Foreign Trade Department of the Provincial Department of Commerce, from January to March, the number of enterprises with import and export performance in Hunan Province increased by more than 20%. For example, Chenzhou Yinghongbao Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., which was established only at the end of last year, achieved a cumulative import and export of 150 million yuan in the first quarter of this year. In addition, there are 6 enterprises with a cumulative import and export of more than 1 billion yuan, an increase of 1 over the same period last year; 18 enterprises with a total investment of over 500 million yuan, an increase of 4 over the same period last year; There were 116 enterprises with an import and export value of over 100 million yuan, an increase of 48 over the same period last year. Large import and export enterprises such as Hunan Zhongxing Supply Chain Co., Ltd., Yueyang Guansheng Investment Development Co., Ltd., Lansi Technology (Changsha) Co., Ltd. and Hunan Xiangyun Fine Chemical Manufacturing Co., Ltd. have grown significantly.

　　The motivation of all kinds of market players to participate in foreign trade development is stronger. In the first quarter, the import and export volume of private enterprises in Hunan was 36.89 billion yuan, an increase of 59.8%, accounting for 64.2% of the total import and export value of the province. The import and export volume of state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises has also achieved steady growth simultaneously.

　　Take measures to help foreign trade grow steadily.　

　　On the whole, there are many favorable conditions to promote the development of China’s foreign trade at present. However, the increasing uncertainties in the current international environment pose challenges to the steady growth of Hunan’s imports and exports.

　　Customs believes that since the beginning of this year, there have been some positive changes in the international political and economic situation, but deep-seated structural contradictions are still prominent in the global scope.

　　"There are still great uncertainties in the development prospects of Hunan’s export-oriented economy, but opening up is an irreversible trend of the times. In the future, we will take many measures to promote the development of foreign trade from the aspects of finance, talents and platforms." The person in charge of the Foreign Trade Department of the Provincial Department of Commerce said.

　　Create a diversified foreign trade financing system, improve the policies of "order financing", "tax refund financing" and "credit insurance financing", and strive to solve the problem of financing difficulties and high financing for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises. According to reports, this year, the Provincial Department of Commerce will jointly introduce policies related to foreign trade financing with the Provincial Department of Finance, and will set up an import and export financing guarantee company for small and medium-sized enterprises in Xiangjiang New District.

　　In terms of talents, the Provincial Department of Commerce said that it would launch a "Thousand Talents Training Program" to help employees of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises improve their foreign trade vocational skills free of charge, and plans to train more than 1,000 foreign trade business personnel during the year.

　　At the same time, cultivate and expand new foreign trade formats and new models, actively cultivate import and export platform companies, and help small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises to act as import and export agents. The Provincial Department of Commerce will also publish the catalogue of key overseas exhibitions in our province in the near future to encourage foreign trade enterprises to actively participate in the exhibition and explore the international market.

　　In addition, Changsha Customs indicated that it would increase its support to help more powerful enterprises realize "Hunan enterprises going to sea" and "Hunan products leaving the country"; Improve the level of customs clearance facilitation between China and Europe, and further explore emerging markets; Strengthen the tracking and monitoring of the international political and economic situation and trade policies, timely release early warning information, and provide guidance and help for enterprises to adjust their business strategies.

　　(Text/Zhou Yuegui Deng Yazhen Ouyang Jingzi)

Information picture

In July, 2023, polymyxin B sulfate for injection, an exclusive drug produced by a subsidiary of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group, suddenly announced that it had dropped from 2,303 yuan/branch to 270 yuan/branch, with a drop of nearly 90%, which attracted the attention of the industry.

The reporter learned from official website, State Administration of Market Supervision, that the decision of administrative punishment on the case of abuse of market dominance by four companies, such as Shanghai Shangyao No.1 Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., was recently released. According to the decision, in July 2023, the Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Administration initiated an investigation into the abuse of market dominance by four companies, including SAIC Biochemical. In December 2023, Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Administration made an administrative punishment decision on this case according to law. The punishment decision shows that during the period from December 2017 to June 2023, four pharmaceutical companies abused the dominant position in the market of polymyxin B sulfate for injection in China, and implemented the behavior of selling preparations at unfairly high prices, which excluded and restricted market competition and harmed the interests of patients and social public interests.

Well-known anti-monopoly law experts pointed out in an interview that the above four companies were fined 1.219 billion yuan for violating the Anti-monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China, which is the case with the largest amount of anti-monopoly punishment in the pharmaceutical field at present.

Monopolize the API market

Polymyxin B sulfate for injection plays an important role in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria infection, which is highly dependent on hospitals and patients and difficult to be replaced by other drugs. Before 2017, no domestic company produced its raw materials and medicines and needed to import them from abroad.

According to the circular of the State Administration of Market Supervision, three private pharmaceutical companies, Wuhan Huihai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan Kede Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Hubei Minkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and the state-owned pharmaceutical company Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group Shangyao No.1 Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., abused the dominant position in the market of polymyxin B sulfate for injection in China and implemented the act of selling preparations at unfair high prices.

Wuhan Huihai, Wuhan Kede and Minkang Pharmaceutical (collectively referred to as Wuhan Huihai) have the same actual controlling shareholders, confused personnel and office locations, unified decision-making, division of labor and cooperation, jointly implemented the acts involved, and shared monopoly profits.

In order to introduce and control its raw materials, in 2010, Wuhan Huihai signed an agreement with Danish Yaseli Company to become the agent of Danish Yaseli China market. Since 2016, Wuhan Huihai has given the sales manager of Danish Yaseli China a benefit fee, asking him not to sell the API to other enterprises, thus controlling the supply of the whole API in China market.

On the other hand, Wuhan Huihai is busy looking for manufacturers. Because only the drug is qualified for production in China, it has not been put into production. Wuhan Huihaisui reached a cooperation intention with Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd. to supply raw materials to Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd., which was responsible for drug declaration and production, and granted exclusive distribution rights to its preparations, from which Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical collected processing fees. Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical applied for production qualification, and obtained the production approval from the Food and Drug Administration in 2017, becoming the only production enterprise in China.

According to the Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, operators must first have APIs for R&D and production when entering the market, while Wuhan Huihai controls the supply of APIs in the China market, so it is difficult for other operators to obtain APIs. It is reported that this is the second time that Wuhan Huihai was punished by pharmaceutical antitrust in 2023. In May 2023, the State Administration of Market Supervision fined him 4,126,800 yuan. Wuhan Huihai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was established in 2003 with a registered capital of 3 million yuan, and its legal representative is Li Meilin.

Conspire to earn excess profits

Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd. belongs to Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group, with total assets of 800 million yuan and registered capital of 225 million yuan.

When Wuhan Huihai signed a cooperation agreement with Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd., it was agreed that when bidding for preparations, the two sides would negotiate and communicate on matters such as bidding price and distributors, and jointly agree on bidding matters. According to the rules of drug sales, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Biochemistry came forward to connect with the drug recruitment departments of all provinces in the country, made online quotations, and invoiced and sold them to circulation enterprises according to the instructions of Wuhan Huihai to obtain the sales income of preparations.

As the only operator who sells the drug, Shangyao Biochemical has the ability to influence and determine the key trading conditions such as sales price and sales quantity. The price of the drug was 2303 yuan/piece in Fujian province for the first time, and then it reached 2918 yuan/piece in Shanghai. Since then, the provinces have hung up their nets one after another, and the prices are mostly 2303 yuan/branch to 2918 yuan/branch. According to the instructions of Wuhan Huihai, Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd. supplies the goods to the circulation enterprises after deducting the distribution fee according to the hanging price.

In 2016, the state began to implement the "two-vote system" policy, that is, drugs are invoiced once from the production enterprise to the circulation enterprise and once from the circulation enterprise to the medical institution, with the aim of reducing the circulation of drugs and lowering the price of drugs. Limited by the "two-vote system", Wuhan Huihai can’t directly obtain the monopoly profit of preparation sales by buying low and selling high. To this end, Wuhan Huihai, with the cooperation of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Co., Ltd., obtained monopoly profits from the raw materials link by inflating the sales price of raw materials.

Due to the large amount of payment for raw materials, Wuhan Huihai arranged for 38 pharmaceutical companies in Hubei and Jiangxi to increase prices step by step, and gradually pushed up the import price of raw materials purchased from Danish Yaseli Company from 73 yuan/g to 94 yuan/g to 18,000 yuan/g to 35,000 yuan/g, and sold them to Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical Company to produce preparations, from which profits were made. This creates the illusion that the high drug price is due to the high drug price of raw materials.

Drive up drug prices for nearly six consecutive years.

According to the Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, in 2022 alone, the illegal income of Wuhan Huihai was 610 million yuan, and that of Shanghai Pharmaceutical was 330 million yuan. The biochemical behavior of Wuhan Huihai and Shanghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. constitutes the abuse of market dominance to sell goods at unfairly high prices.

It is reported that the cost of drug production is mainly composed of two parts: the cost of raw materials and the cost of biochemical workshop. According to the biochemical financial data of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., the total production cost of this drug is about 8.6 yuan -14.6 yuan/piece, and the processing fee charged by Shanghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is from 140.4 yuan/piece -230 yuan/piece. Finally, the net price of the drug is as high as 2303 yuan/piece -2918 yuan/piece.

In addition, the domestic sales price of polymyxin B sulfate for injection is significantly higher than that of other countries and regions in the same period, which is about 35 to 44 times that of overseas products.

"The serious handling of this case corrected the illegal behavior in time, and the drug price dropped by nearly 90%. This safeguards the interests of consumers and the public interest. " In an interview, Wang Xianlin, a member of the Expert Advisory Group of the State Council Anti-monopoly Committee and vice president of china law society Economic Law Research Association, pointed out that the parties in this case abused their dominant market position to sell drugs at unfairly high prices. On the one hand, they distorted the market price formation mechanism of this drug and made its price seriously deviate from the normal level, which excluded and restricted market competition. On the other hand, it also makes patients have to pay higher prices, increases the cost of medication for patients, and seriously damages the interests of patients; It also increased the expenditure of the national medical insurance fund, which seriously damaged the public interest.

The reporter learned that after the above-mentioned case was investigated in July 2023, six senior executives of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group were investigated. In September 2023, Pan Deqing, former vice president of Shanghai Pharmaceutical, Li Ping, general manager of Shanghai Shangke Pharmaceutical, Chen Binhua, former general manager of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical, and Huang Yuhui, former deputy general manager of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Biochemical, were investigated. In November, Zhou Jun, chairman of Shanghai Pharmaceutical, and Gu Haoliang, former vice president of Shanghai Pharmaceutical, were investigated.

1. In the medical expenses for serious illness, taxpayers are hospitalized at the end of the year and discharged at the beginning of the second year. How to calculate the deduction for such inter-annual medical expenses? Is it deducted separately in two years?

A: Taxpayers are hospitalized at the end of the year and discharged at the beginning of the following year. Generally, medical expenses are settled when they are discharged. Taxpayers who claim to enjoy medical deduction for serious illness shall be subject to the settlement time on the medical expense settlement form. Therefore, the medical expense expenditure belongs to the second year.

For example, if a taxpayer is hospitalized at the end of 2022 and discharged at the beginning of 2023, he can enjoy the deduction in 2024 if he meets the conditions of medical deduction for serious illness by the end of 2023.

2. Can I enjoy the deduction when I see a doctor in a private hospital?

Answer: For private hospitals included in the medical insurance settlement system, as long as the taxpayer’s medical expenses can be reflected and collected in the medical insurance system, the taxpayer’s expenses related to basic medical insurance can be deducted for serious illness according to regulations.

3. The husband and wife have serious medical expenses at the same time. If both of them are deducted from the husband, what is the deduction limit?

Answer: Husband and wife have eligible medical expenses for serious illness at the same time, so they can choose to deduct both of them from the husband’s side. The deduction limit is calculated separately. The maximum deduction for each person is 80,000 yuan, and the total maximum deduction limit is 160,000 yuan.

4. Special additional deduction for serious illness medical treatment, is it also necessary to deduct medical expenses for hospitalization, and medical expenses without hospitalization cannot be used as special additional deduction?

A: According to the Interim Measures, the medical expenses incurred by taxpayers related to basic medical insurance, after deducting the personal burden after medical insurance reimbursement (referring to the self-paid part within the scope of medical insurance catalogue), are deducted within the limit of 80,000 yuan. In other words, the medical expenses for serious illness only need to meet the above conditions, regardless of whether the taxpayer is hospitalized.

5. Does the out-of-pocket part of the medical deduction for serious illness include the out-of-pocket part under the deductible line of medical insurance reimbursement?

A: There is no provision for the deductible line of medical insurance reimbursement in the special additional deduction policy for serious illness medical care, so as long as it belongs to the deductible part within the scope of medical insurance catalogue.

6. How to inquire about medical expenses for serious illness?

A: You can download the "National Medical Insurance Service Platform" through your mobile phone, and after registration, you can query it through the "Annual Expense Summary Query" module on the home page. You can also fill in according to the medical service charges of seriously ill patients and the self-paid amount of personal burden within the scope of medical insurance catalogue on the bills related to medical insurance reimbursement.

Original title: "Error-prone points of special additional deduction for individual tax-medical treatment for serious illness"

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CCTV News:Weihai Economic Development Zone in Shandong Province has a coastal industrial coastline of 19 kilometers. In recent years, the local area has fully tapped its development potential, cultivated leading enterprises and built an industrial cluster of offshore equipment.

At present, at the Weihai Shipyard in Jinling, China Merchants, the eighth ro-ro passenger ship is finishing its work.

Li Wenxiu, Technical Manager of 271 Ship of China Merchants Jinling Ship (Weihai) Co., Ltd.:The ship not only meets the latest requirements for safe return to Hong Kong, but also has the functions of waste heat recovery of main engine, waste heat recovery of air conditioner and zero discharge when berthing.

Weihai Economic Development Zone has a coastal industrial coastline of 19 kilometers. In recent years, they have focused on the development of high-end marine equipment and vigorously cultivated a number of leading enterprises such as Jinling Shipyard. The current order of the shipyard has been scheduled for 2028.

To ensure the development of key enterprises, Weihai Economic Development Zone implemented the system of leadership subcontracting and daily contact service, and the needs of enterprises quickly received attention. The Development Zone Management Committee coordinated the cooperation between Haida Logistics and the shipyard.

Wang Dengpan, Deputy Director of Economic Development Bureau of Weihai Economic Development Zone:The whole area of Haida Logistics Project is 30 mu, and the construction area is close to 20,000 square meters. After completion, no suitable project has been found, and the factory building is idle.

The two sides hit it off, initially reaching 5-mdash; Ten years of cooperation intention has fully released the production capacity of Jinling Shipyard. To cultivate high-end offshore equipment industry, the Economic Development Zone has also made efforts in industrial chain docking and investment promotion, reducing enterprise costs and promoting cluster development.

Wang Jinpo, Deputy Director of China Merchants Bureau of Weihai Economic Development Zone:Up to now, the production project of Shandong Electrician and submarine cable with an investment of 3 billion yuan has been signed and landed, and the production base of unmanned boats will start construction immediately.

China Youth Daily, founded on April 27th, 1951, is the central organ of the Communist Youth League and an influential central media with young people as its main readers. Comrade Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for China Youth Daily. China Youth Newspaper has 33 reporter stations in China and resident reporters in 7 countries and regions.

China Youth Newspaper persistently armed its mind with the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, always adhering to the duty and mission of "educating people for the Party and the country", making every effort to create a leading position for young people’s ideology and politics, and further promoting the reform of visual integration, remoulding all-media elite, and constantly improving the dissemination, guidance, influence and credibility of news and public opinion according to the goal of building a domestic first-class media organization in the youth field of the Party with firm politics, distinctive features and wide influence.

I. Historical evolution

On April 27th, 1951, with the approval of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China leaders such as Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai, China Youth Daily was founded in Beijing.

In 1950s, China Youth Daily publicized the stories of Huang Jiguang and Qiu Shaoyun who fought bravely to resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend their country, as well as young heroes and model workers such as Hao Jianxiu, a Qingdao textile worker who created advanced operation methods, and Wang Chonglun, an Angang worker who was "ahead of time". In the 1960s, the spirit of "serving the people wholeheartedly" and "one is not afraid of hardship, and the other is not afraid of death" was publicized by China People’s Liberation Army soldiers Lei Feng and Wang Jie.

On August 20th, 1966, China Youth Daily was closed due to the "Cultural Revolution".

On October 7, 1978, with the approval of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China Youth Daily was reissued.

After the re-publication, China Youth Daily reported the deeds of Zhang Zhixin who fought bravely against Lin Biao and Jiang Qing’s counter-revolutionary group, Zhang Haidi who was physically and mentally disabled, the China women’s volleyball team and other young advanced figures and collectives, and reported the advanced deeds of young reformers who were brave in pioneering from all walks of life.

In October 1998, the online edition of China Youth Daily was launched.

In May 2000, Zhongqing Online Website was officially launched.

In November 2016, the freezing point warm smell client was upgraded to China Youth Daily client.

In March, 2017, the central kitchen featured by China Youth Daily was put into use.

In October 2019, 100% equity of Zhongqingwang New Media Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. was transferred to China Youth Newspaper, and China Youth Network became the main news website of China Youth Daily, and the Zhongqing online website under the newspaper was transformed into a news culture video website.　

In May 2020, China Youth Daily’s "Media-melting Kitchen" was fully upgraded to "Media-melting Cloud Kitchen", and in July, China Youth Daily’s client version 4.0 was launched.

In April, 2021, the 70th anniversary of the publication of China Youth Daily, the reform will start again.

In April, 2022, China Youth Newspaper held the launching activity of "Release of Youth Cultural Big Data Project System and Construction of Youth Cultural Big Data Headquarters Base" with the theme of "Linking the Future to Illuminate Youth", and the headquarters base was located in the newspaper "Youth Yuan Family of the universe".

Second, the purpose of running a newspaper

Since its founding, several generations of central leading collectives have cared for China Youth Daily, and successive secretariats of the Communist Youth League Central Committee have attached great importance to China Youth Daily, giving China Youth Daily a special mission and ardent expectation of uniting with young people, guiding and educating them, inspiring them and caring for them. China Youth Newspaper has always combined firm party spirit with distinctive youth characteristics in various historical periods of new China’s construction, reform and opening up, building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and determined a series of major newspaper ideas and policies, such as "Ideological Newspaper, Banner Newspaper, Knowledge Newspaper, Battle Newspaper", "Tighter with the Central Committee, Closer with the youth", "Serving the growth of the youth and promoting social progress" and "Youth pays attention to the youth". Constantly explore ways of communication that young people love, inspire them with ideals and beliefs, arm them with scientific theories, inspire them with the spirit of the times, enrich them with modern knowledge, cultivate them with noble sentiments, publicize their advanced figures, inspire their spirit of struggle, enlighten their spiritual wisdom, reflect their aspirations and voices, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, and unite and inspire them to make contributions to the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China Youth Daily has thoroughly studied, publicized and implemented the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, consciously undertaken the mission of raising the banner, gathering people’s hearts, cultivating new people, promoting culture and displaying image, strived to give full play to the unique role of the youth mainstream media in educating people for the Party, serving the overall situation, serving the whole group and serving the youth, accelerated its March to the new mainstream media, and made every effort to create a new platform for governing the country. We will create a new pattern of international communication with internal introduction and outreach, create a beautiful and practical new service that benefits the country and the people, strive to build the party’s first-class domestic media organizations in the field of youth, and enhance the online communication, guidance, influence and credibility for young people.

In 2022, China Youth Newspaper actively promoted the development of media integration reform, and "Media-melting Cloud Kitchen" continued to play a central role, and the China Youth Daily client "warm BaoBao" visual channel was launched; Differentiated development of two central websites, China Youth Network and Zhongqing Online; The newspaper registered more than 200 institutional accounts on the third-party platform, and the head accounts of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network such as WeChat, Weibo, Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker, headline number and Baijia number played a leading role; The "Green Hornet" column has 20 million users and continues to maintain its head position in the short news video of the central media. The newspaper actively promotes the reform of "visualization", visually reshapes the elite of all media, and defines "visualization" with 10 indicators: let words "stand up" to speak portraits; Let the mirror image "live" to show the graphic meaning; Let the video "green" to activate the first line; Let the broadcast be "special" and play a real drama; Let the process "stand up" and be beautiful and full; Let the data be "deep", dig widely and dig carefully; Let the scene be "used" and round; Let governance be "excellent" and gather wisdom; Let the content be "shipped" and effective; Let the integration be "all", and strive to achieve high-quality integration of "four all-media" (full-process, holographic, full-staff, full-effect).

Third, the newspaper layout

In 2023, China Youth Daily was completely revised. At present, there are news pages and special supplements featuring young people, such as important news, youth topics, international, sports, thinkers, culture, twilight, school media, entrepreneurship, youth voice, reading, science, youth survey, Tuantuan BaoBao, Zhongqing sight, 12355 youth hotline, healthy China, ethnic education, etc.

Fourth, newspaper distribution

China Youth Daily publishes 48 editions every week, with print outlets in 24 provinces (cities, autonomous regions) in China. It adopts satellite transmission and has a distribution and marketing network covering all parts of the country.

China Youth Daily has a mailing code of 1-9, and the annual subscription price is 396 yuan. You can subscribe to it at various post offices, or through the online business hall of China Post or WeChat search for "China Post Micro Post Office".

China Youth Newspaper also has two sub-newspapers: Youth Reference (postal code 1-64) and China Young Writers Newspaper (self-published).

V. Awards

In 2022, six works including the communication "Life and Death Line 5" won the 32nd China News Award.

In 2022, more than 10 works (activities) such as "Writing the Youth Chapter on the Motherland" online theme publicity and interactive guidance activities won the 2021 China Positive Energy "Five Hundred" online boutique award.

The intelligent project of "Merging Media and Cloud Kitchen" was selected as "Innovative Case of China Newspaper Industry Integration Development in 2021".

　　The first episode of the large-scale TV feature film "Pilot" and the second episode of "Sailing at the helm" and "Science Guide" will be grandly launched on October 8 at 20: 00 on CCTV-1, the Central Radio and Television General Station, and CCTV news, CCTV video and CCTV network will be launched simultaneously.

　　In order to welcome the victory of the 20th Party Congress, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, together with the Central Party History and Literature Research Institute, the National Development and Reform Commission, the State Administration of Radio and Television, the Central Radio and Television General Station, the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission and other units, produced 16 episodes of large-scale TV feature film "Pilotage". "Pilotage" focuses on the extraordinary and magnificent course that the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core unites and leads the whole party and people of all nationalities in the new era, shows the powerful truth power of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the great practice of the new era, comprehensively reflects the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the party and the country since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and vividly presents the happy life and good spiritual outlook of the people in the new era.

The first episode of sailing at the helm

　　"Jiangshan is the people, the people are Jiangshan, fighting Jiangshan, guarding Jiangshan, and guarding the hearts of the people."

　　In February 2015, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited northern Shaanxi. When Liang Jiahe recalled the seven years of educated youth, he said with deep affection:"At that time, I said that if I had the conditions and opportunities in the future, I would go into politics and do something good for the people."

　　From the yellow land, from the village party secretary to the local leaders, and then to the leaders of the most populous country in the world, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader always cares about the people.

　　"The people’s yearning for a better life is our goal."

　　Since he became the general secretary, he has traveled all over the country in many urban and rural areas, factories, mines, schools and communities, asking about the warmth and coldness, looking at the barn, uncovering the lid, and chatting at home.

　　Let the people live a happy life is the "big country" in the mind of the Supreme Leader General Secretary. He always remembers the daily necessities, food, clothing, housing and transportation of the people, one by one, and one by one.

　　In 2014, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader accepted an exclusive interview with Russian TV:"As national leaders, we have committed ourselves to many countries. We must be conscientious, feel at home, and stay up all night. There is a song called "Where has all the time gone?" Then my time has also gone to other places, which is obviously taken up by work. "

　　People lead and people love.

　　In November 2021, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee profoundly pointed out:

　　The Party’s establishment of the core position of the Party Central Committee and the whole Party, and the guiding position of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era reflect the common aspiration of the whole Party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, which is of decisive significance to the development of the cause of the Party and the country in the new era and the historical process of promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

The second set of science guide

　　"I think that realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest Chinese dream of the Chinese nation in modern times."

　　The Chinese Dream has given a new era connotation to the persistence and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and injected inexhaustible power to unite and inspire hundreds of millions of Chinese people to forge ahead.

　　The pace of theoretical innovation of the party in the new era has also started.

　　Theoretical innovation and practical innovation promote each other and reflect each other.

　　From the Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the Eighteenth Central Committee to the Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions, the "four comprehensive" strategic layout has been laid out and gradually developed.

　　A series of original new ideas, new ideas and new strategies, the party’s theoretical innovation has made great achievements continuously, and a new theoretical system is ready to emerge.

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China solemnly put forward Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era and wrote it into party constitution.

　　The first session of the 13th National People’s Congress passed a constitutional amendment, which enshrined the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era in the Constitution.

　　Just as a new era will not come in the natural evolution without historical initiative, new ideas are by no means created at the flick of a finger.

　　After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of new situations and new problems, the Supreme Leader General Secretary always has keen insight and in-depth research, and his research footprint is getting deeper and deeper.

　　Giving timely instructions on major issues reflected by all parties is an important way for the CPC Central Committee to govern the country and an important link to promote theoretical innovation.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a series of important instructions issued by the Supreme Leader General Secretary have vividly reflected the sensitivity and courage of policy makers, and also reflected the feeling that the people have a call and will respond.

　　Theory guides practice, and practice gives birth to theory. With the deepening of the great practice in the new era, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core insists on respecting the initiative of the masses, concentrating the wisdom of the whole party, and constantly studying major issues that have a bearing on the overall situation and the long-term and making arrangements.

　　The Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee profoundly pointed out that the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is contemporary China Marxism and 21st century Marxism, and it is the essence of Chinese culture and China spirit, which has achieved a new leap in the China of Marxism.

　　On April 20th, the journal Tumor Biology (hereinafter translated as Tumor Biology) under SAGE Publishing House in the United States issued a retraction statement, announcing that 107 papers written by China authors would be revoked, which were suspected of providing false peer review information in violation of regulations. Another international organization, The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), claimed: "These illegal operations seem to be planned by some third-party organizations, which provide such illegal services for the authors of papers."

　　107 articles were rejected by journals.

　　The reporter of Beijing Youth Daily saw on the website of Tumor Biology that the journal released a retraction statement on April 20th: "According to the recommendation of the Publishing Ethics Committee, publishers and editors decided to retract the manuscript. After a thorough investigation, we believe that the paper has violated the rules in the peer review process. "

　　In the retraction statement, the journal listed a statement posted on the website of the Publishing Ethics Committee, which stated: "The organization has realized that several journals belonging to different publishers have systematic and inappropriate manipulation in the peer review process. These operations seem to be planned by some third-party organizations, which provide this service for the authors of the papers. "

　　According to the reporter of Beiqing Daily, Oncology Biology is the official magazine of the International Society of Oncology and Biomarkers, which once belonged to Springer-Verlag Publishing House. The website introduces its impact factor as 2.926. Springer Publishing House is one of the largest scientific and technological publishing houses in the world, which is famous for publishing academic publications. At the end of 2016, "Tumor Biology" was transferred to American SAGE Publishing House. Since January this year, American SAGE Publishing House has started publishing this journal.

　　The author of the withdrawn manuscript involves many hospital doctors.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that there were 107 papers mentioned in Tumor Biology that were withdrawn, involving many cities in China. Most of the authors are hospital doctors, and their institutions are affiliated hospitals of domestic universities, including Zhejiang University Affiliated Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Hospital, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Xiangya No.1, No.2 and No.3 Hospitals and other well-known hospitals.

　　Yesterday, the reporter of Beiqing Daily tried to contact the author of the withdrawn paper listed in the journal. Among them, among several authors published in Regulation of Activating Protein-4-Associated Metastases of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Mir-144 in 2016, Zhang Zefeng, deputy chief physician of the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, admitted that he had published a paper in Tumor Biology at the same time, but he said that he only participated in the relevant research as a member of the scientific research team, and he was not clear about the specific process of publishing the paper. Liu Junfeng, another chief physician of the hospital, refused the interview on the grounds that the identity of the reporter could not be verified.

　　Peer review is accused of fraud.

　　In a statement issued by the Publishing Ethics Committee, it was mentioned: "Some institutions that provide services for authors to publish papers are suspected of fraud in peer review."

　　Peer review mentioned in the retraction statement is a kind of review procedure, and the publishing unit will choose whether to accept the manuscript or not by this method. The specific operation is to let other experts and scholars in the same field review the academic works to be published. In the peer review, the real names and e-mail addresses of experts and scholars participating in the review need to be provided, and the editorial department of academic journals will confirm the review opinions to these experts and scholars by e-mail.

　　Although the names of the peer-reviewed experts of 107 papers that have been rejected are true, their e-mail addresses are suspected to be false. Because many experts who mentioned their names, publishing institutions have their e-mails, which can’t match the e-mail addresses provided in these papers.

　　An industry insider who has been engaged in peer review told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that the editorial department was not sure whether the review comments were true because it was suspected that the email address of the review experts was false.

　　The industry believes that these papers with suspected problems did not fulfill their review duties at the beginning of publication. Because even if the author of the paper provides false peer review information, the editorial department of the journal can contact the experts and scholars who are named for review to verify it, because many of those experts and scholars are in the expert database of academic journals, but they have not verified it.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that in August 2015, springer announced the withdrawal of 64 papers published in its 10 academic journals, all of which were from China authors. As early as March 2015, British publishing house BMC announced the withdrawal of 43 academic articles, 41 of which were written by China. In these two cases, publishers gave reasons for "suspected fraud in peer review".

　　A doctor in the affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University, who asked not to be named, said that no matter how busy the doctor is, he can’t find a third-party agency to represent the paper. "Under normal circumstances, our contributions to international journals are carried out in the journal official website, and we operate in the order of instructions. The paper intermediary is unreliable. If something goes wrong, even the doctor may not be able to do it. Once the paper is considered fraudulent, it will be ruined. "

　　Text/reporter Guo Linlin Intern reporter Xu Lina Liu Sijia

　　Scholars are studying how virtual reality can help treat traumatic stress syndrome, anorexia nervosa and anxiety.

　　Researchers have found that virtual reality (VR) is not only a popular video game, but also can be applied to medical treatment.

　　It has been proved that it has the function of "trauma recovery"

　　"What can the virtual reality displayed by head-mounted devices bring to people?" Professor Skip Rizzo, the head of the medical virtual reality program at the School of Creative Technology of the University of Southern California, said, "It can immerse people in a controllable simulation environment, thus helping them overcome their fears or face the trauma of the past."

　　Rizzo began to study the potential medical applications of virtual reality in 1990s. His early research explored the role of simulated game environment in brain trauma recovery. After the success of this research, he began to study other medical applications. At present, he has proved that virtual reality can help to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eating disorder, depression and attention deficit disorder.

　　Virtual reality is the most effective treatment for PTSD. PTSD patients generally relieve their illness by staying away from the causes of anxiety, fear, memories and thoughts related to traumatic events. However, such measures can only provide short-term protection. In the long run, it strengthens the cognition that these incentives are harmful, making it more difficult for patients to recover.

　　In order to overcome this difficulty, psychologists invented an extremely effective step-by-step contact therapy. This therapy requires patients to recall traumatic events gradually and repeatedly. The principle is that through this imaginary contact, the problem patient can deal with the emotions related to traumatic events and realize that there is nothing to be afraid of.

　　The key to this therapy is to rely on imagination. But can people really recall traumatic experiences clearly and effectively? What about those who are unwilling or unable to remember?

　　So virtual reality appeared.

　　This technology does not make people imagine scenes or events, but "teleports" the user safely from the comfortable bench in front of the doctor to another space.

　　Advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality interventional therapy

　　Rizzo believes that the benefits of virtual reality interventional therapy are manifold. It circumvents the human tendency to escape, and at the same time "deceives" the brain to believe that this exposure is true.

　　According to Rizzo, the frontal lobe of the brain knows that this is only a simulation, but the limbic system, that is, the fight-and-flight area, can respond in an immersive way. "This is what we are trying to achieve. We try to activate fear, and at the same time there is no actual bad thing to break the conditional cycle. " He said, "This is the charm of this technology. It allows people to interact with what they fear on the cognitive level, while the brain can respond immersively. "

　　Like all exposure therapies, VR therapy makes patients get used to this kind of stimulation or a certain scene gradually, so as to ensure that they will not encounter secondary trauma.

　　But the patient’s wishes are still important. Because even if informed consent is obtained and the process is gradual, there is still evidence that long-term exposure to incentives — — This practice is considered as the "gold standard" therapy for PTSD — — It may also do more harm than good to some patients.

　　According to Slate, the researchers found that this therapy led some veterans to have a tendency of violence, suicide and depression. The relationship between this phenomenon and exposure therapy based on virtual reality is not clear.

　　Rizzo’s lab works with many soldiers or veterans with PTSD. His research shows that virtual reality therapy is more effective than traditional therapy. For example, in a study in 2014, 20 active soldiers received an average of 11 virtual reality immersion sessions each. Among them, 16 soldiers no longer suffered from PTSD after receiving treatment, and the symptoms of PTSD in each of these 20 soldiers were reduced by 50%.

　　The application scope is constantly expanding.

　　A study in January 2019 found that this therapy is also very effective for trauma in the military. By the end of the treatment, 53% of the veterans were diagnosed with PTSD, and three months later, the number dropped to 33%.

　　Other studies have also found that virtual reality can also help treat victims of car accidents and citizens and rescuers involved in the World Trade Center attack.

　　Based on the same principle, this technology is also effective in treating disorders such as anxiety and anorexia: exposing patients to what they fear, so that they can gradually overcome their escape behavior.

　　Dr Giuseppe Riva found that the immersive nature of virtual reality even helps to treat eating disorders. As a professor of psychology at the Catholic University of Milan, Italy, and the chief researcher of the neuropsychological technology application laboratory, Riva first wore a virtual reality helmet in 1995. A wonderful feeling hit him: he couldn’t feel his body. At that time, he was studying anorexia nervosa, which, in his view, was a "disorder of body sensation". He began to think about whether letting patients with eating disorders experience virtual reality environment can help them overcome this disease.

　　In the following years, Riva developed a "realistic" virtual reality experience. In this experience, patients with cognitive disorder of body size can live in another body with different sizes. This "materialization" can alleviate the cognitive disorder of anorexia patients. According to Riva, the working principle of this technology is that due to cognitive dissonance of body size, the brain simulates a larger body than it actually is. To correct this cognition, we can "cheat" it with the real simulation that the brain can’t predict and make it change its cognition.

　　"When you enter another body, your brain will be shocked because it can’t predict and act." He said, "This forces the brain to recalculate the experience of the body."

　　Riva is also studying how virtual reality can treat bulimia. Because of the failure of the mechanism connecting food cognition and eating desire in the brain, people with bulimia can’t stop craving for food. In order to help patients overcome this mechanism, Riva invented an immersive virtual reality environment. In this environment, people are exposed to the food they crave. By simulating food, the subjects have to resist the desire to eat them, thus slowly learning to separate the cognition of food from the desire to eat.

　　This interventional therapy is more effective than traditional behavioral therapy in inhibiting bulimia. Riva believes that this is because virtual reality has a far-reaching impact on people compared with simple language.

　　"Virtual reality directly affects emotional and cognitive mechanisms, and these mechanisms are the basis of human emotions and cognition." He said, "Cognitive behavioral therapy is more suitable for correcting the understanding of specific emotions and feelings. Only by changing both at the same time can the therapeutic effect be achieved. "

　　So far, all these medical applications have been confined to the laboratory. With the gradual popularization of this technology, research will continue to prove its efficacy. Rizzo and Riva said that they have seen that in the near future, doctors all over the world will use virtual reality technology. At the same time, both researchers clearly pointed out that virtual reality will not "replace" traditional therapy, but "assist" it.

　　"People will say, ‘ Oh, all treatments will be done in virtual reality. ’ But this view misses the point. It is just out of the enthusiasm for virtual reality. " Rizzo said, "We can clearly distinguish between deception and enlightening ideas. Research will record something really valuable. "

　　Zhang Jingying Dong Yucan/Compiled